Title | Robert DeHoff Thermodynamics in Materials Science, Second Edition CRC Press (2006) |
---|---|
Author | E. Cani de Souza |
Pages | 606 |
File Size | 16 MB |
File Type | |
Total Downloads | 2 |
Total Views | 49 |
Thermodynamics in Materials Science YA !A \!_ 2\Ad2A A)gg^ Y\2!_ A!__ Q8 ) \__\!b u gJg : A_A2\gd gJ dQ\dAA \dQ !A \!_ !d: :YA\A8 ) ! Ad2A u \YA 8 :!d2A: A2Y!d\2 gJ !A \!_ !d: pp_\A: _!\2\8 ) dYgd bAd!S^!8 Yuu dQ\dAA \dQ A\Qd \Y ...
Thermodynamics in Materials Science
YA
!A
\!_ 2\Ad2A A)gg^ Y\2!_ A!__
Q8 ) \__\!b u gJg
: A_A2\gd gJ dQ\dAA
\dQ !A
\!_ !d: :YA\A8 ) !
Ad2A u \YA
8 :!d2A: A2Y!d\2 gJ !A
\!_ !d: pp_\A: _!\2\8 ) dYgd
bAd!S^!8 Yuu dQ\dAA
\dQ A\Qd \Y g_bA
!d: gbpg\A8 !bA u A
:AAd8
!
g_: u g
:8 !d: gd!_: uu g
A
g:A
d A
!b\2 dQ\dAA
\dQ8 Y\
: :\\gd8 ) !\: \2YA
gd
d
g:2\gd g YAb\2!_ g_bA
2\Ad2A7
g)_Ab g_\dQ \:A8 ) !d! Y!d:!
Second Edition
Thermodynamics in Materials Science Robert DeHoff
"OCA2ATON,ONDON.EW9ORK
!#2#TITLE PARTOFTHE4AYLOR&RANCISIMPRINT AMEMBEROFTHE 4AYLOR&RANCIS'ROUP THEACADEMICDIVISIONOF4&)NFORMAPLC
CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20110713 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-0585-1 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright. com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com
AJ!2A g YA A2gd: :\\gd YA p
AAd!\gd gJ YA p
\d2\p_A !d:
!AQ\A ! YA YA!
gJ YA
bg:d!b\2 Y! )AAd
A!\dA: J
gb YA K
A:\\gdu YA p
\d2\p_A !d: _!8 YA :AKd\\gd8 YA 2
\A
\gd Jg
Az\_\)
\b8 !d: YA
!AQ\A Jg
:A
\\dQ
A_!\gdY\p !bgdQ !
\!)_A !d: Jg
Kd:\dQ YA 2gd:\\gd Jg
Az\_\)
\b !
A !__ \d!2u YA
A \ ! dA AbpY!\ gd YA
2
A gJ YA
bg:d!b\28 \d
g:2A: \d ! dA Y!pA
j8 Y\2Y p
g\:A ! \!_\!\gd gJ Yg !__ gJ YAA 2gbpgdAd \dAQ
!A g g_A p
g)_Abu YA
A \ ! dA AbpY!\ gd YA b!\d Qg!_ gJ YA
bg:d!b\2 \d b!A
\!_ 2\Ad2A8 Y\2Y \ YA A gJ YA
bg2YAb\2!_ :!!)!A g QAdA
!A b!p gJ Az\_\)
\b !A8 2Y ! pY!A :\!Q
!b8 p
A:gb\d!d2A :\!Q
!b8 !d: g
)!\ 2g
g\gd :\!Q
!bu YA
A !
A b!d gYA
AJ_ !pp_\2!\gd gJ YA
bg:d!b\2 \dJg
b!\gd8 ) YA Az\_\)
\b b!p !
A 2_A!
_ YA bg \:A_ A: gg_ \d YA KA_:u _YgQY 2gbpA
gJ!
A g 2gdA
:!!)!A \dJg
b!\gd \dg Az\_\)
\b b!p ! !!\_!)_A ! YA
\\dQ gJ YA K
A:\\gd8 2Y gJ!
A dg 2gbA \Y bg
A 2gbp
AYAd\A :!!)!A !d: )
A!:Y gJ !pp_\2!\gd !d:8 pA
Y!p bg \bpg
!d_8 A
[J
\Ad:_\dAu \ !_g bg
A \:A_ !!\_!)_A Jg
:Ad A ! b!A
\!_ 2\Ad2A p
gQ
!b Y!A !2z\
A: \ Jg
A \d YA\
AA!
2Y g
A!2Y\dQu YA g
\Q\d gJ YAA p
gQ
!b \ :A!_ \Y \d Y!pA
B g ju YA
A \ ! :!dQA
Y! !pp_\2!\gd \d Y\ KA_: b! !2Y\AA ! )_!2^ )g ! \d Y\2Y YA
A_ gJ !__ Y\ gJ!
A8 \d YA Jg
b gJ Az\_\)
\b b!p !d: gYA
\dJg
b!\gd8 2gbA g )A A: \Yg !d d:A
!d:\dQ gJ YA\
g
\Q\du d \d:
8 Y\ ^\d: gJ \dJg
b!\gd b! )A ! 2gbpgdAd \d ! :A2\\gd[b!^\dQ p
g2A Y! Y! b\__\gd gJ :g__!
gd YA _\dAu \ 2
2\!_ Y! YA 2gddA2\gd )AAAd YA
A_ !d: YA Jd:!bAd!_ p
g\:A: ) Y\ ^\d: gJ A )A b!\d!\dA:u
AJ!2A g YA \
:\\gd d Y\ 2_!\2 p!pA
\d jBB8 u \__!
: \)) 2gbp_AA: YA !pp!
! 2!__A: pYAdgbAdg_gQ\2!_ YA
bg:d!b\28 Y\2Y \ A: \d AdQ\dAA
\dQ !d: 2\Ad2A g :A2
\)A !d: d:A
!d: Y! :AA
b\dA Yg b!A
)AY!Au Y\ g
^ \ !__ YA bg
A
Ab!
^!)_A \d YA _\QY gJ YA Adg
bg Ap!d\gd gJ g
^dg_A:QA \d 2\Ad2A !d: A2Ydg_gQ \d YA Y 2Ad
u
\dQ YA _! 2Ad
8 Yd:
A: gJ )gg^ Y!A )AAd
\Ad gd YA
bg:d!b\2u d bg 2!A8 YAA A A
A :\
A2A: ! :Ad \d ! p!
\2_!
KA_:u YA
bg:d!b\2 p_! ! ^A
g_A \d )\g_gQ8 2YAb\
8 pY\28 2YAb\2!_ !d: bA2Y!d\2!_ AdQ\dAA
\dQ8 !d: b!A
\!_ 2\Ad2Au !2Y p
AAd!\gd gJJA
A: \ gd _!d g \ \dAd:A: !:\Ad2Au AA
!_ gJ YAA A !
A 2_!\2 Y! Y!A Ad:
A: Jg
:A2!:A8 ApA
\Ad2\dQ b!d
A\\gd !d: b!d p
\d\dQu d !Yg
Yg d:A
!^A !d \d
g:2g
A \d YA
bg:d!b\2 \d YA J!2A gJ Y\ Y\g
Y!: )AA
)A
A gJ Y\ )]A28 !d: Y!A gbAY\dQ d\zA g !u JA
A!2Y\dQ \d
g:2g
YA
bg:d!b\2 g b!A
\!_ 2\Ad\ Jg
dA!
_ Y
AA :A2!:A ! )gY YA Q
!:!A !d: d:A
Q
!:!A _AA_8 !b 2gd\d2A: Y! YA !pp
g!2Y A: \d Y\ A \ d\zA !d: \d b!d ! )AA
Y!d Y! !!\_!)_A A_AYA
Au YA
bg:d!b\2 \d !A
\!_ 2\Ad2A \ !d \d
g:2g
A \dAd:A: p
\b!
\_ Jg
A \d ! K
2g
A \d YA
bg:d!b\2 \d b!A
\!_ 2\Ad2A 2
\2_!u gAA
8 YA
A!bAd \ JK2\Ad_ QAdA
!_ g Y! YA A Y! pgAd\!_ !pp_\2!\gd \d 2YAb\
8 2YAb\2!_ AdQ\dAA
\dQ8 !d: pY\28 ! A__ ! b!A
\!_ 2\Ad2Au YA
A!bAd \ JK2\Ad_
\Qg
g !d: YA 2gdAd JK2\Ad_ )
g!: g p
g\:A ! )!\ Jg
! A2gd: 2g
A A\YA
Jg
YA !:!d2A: d:A
Q
!:!A g
Q
!:!A _AA_u YA
bg:d!b\2 \ ! :\2\p_\dA Y! pp_\A 2\Ad2A \Y ! )
g!: !
! gJ
A_!\gdY\p )AAAd YA p
gpA
\A Y! b!A
AY\)\ ! \ 2Y!dQA \ 2gd:\\gdu __ gJ YAA
A_!\gdY\p :A
\A J
gb ! A
JA8 A
QAdA
!_ !d: pA
!\A p
\d2\p_A rYA _! gJ YA
bg:d!b\2s !d: YA
ApA\\A !pp_\2!\gd gJ ! A
JA8 A
QAdA
!_
!AQ\Au \ dg ! 2g__A2\gd gJ \d:ApAd:Ad Az!\gd 2gd]
A: g gJ b\ !pg
) !d !__[^dg\dQ b\2 Jg
A!2Y dA !pp_\2!\gdu YA
A \ !
2
A g YA
bg:d!b\2 Y! \ A_AQ!d !d:8 gd2A 2gdAbp_!A:8
A!gd!)_ \bp_Au YA !pp
g!2Y Y! d:A
Q\
: YA p
AAd!\gd \d Y\ A AbpY!\A YA 2gddA2\gd )AAAd YA Jgd:!\gd !d: YA g
^\dQ
A_!\gd Y! pA
b\ YA g_\gd gJ p
!2\2!_ p
g)_Abu d Y\ AbpY!\8 !d: \d \ AA2\gd8 \ \ d\zA !bgdQ \ 2gbpA\g
u YA :\JJA
Ad2A \ 2
2\!_ g YA :Ad AA\dQ YA )]A2 Jg
YA K
\bAu g A pAd: ! \Qd\K2!d !bgd gJ p
\d !d: YA :Ad \bA \d p
AAd\dQ YA _! gJ YA
bg:d!b\2 !d: \d _!\dQ g !
QbAd Y! ]\J YA _! !d: _Ad: \d\\A \dA
p
A!\gd g YAbu Y\ p
AAd!\gd \ )!A: gd YA
A2gQd\\gd Y! 2Y :\A
\gd !
A ! \Qd\K2!d !A gJ \bA !d: AJJg
Jg
YA :Ad !d:8 Y! \ g
A8 !
A !__ 2gdJ\dQ g YA d\d\\!A:u g
A \__8
:Ad b! )A _AJ \Y !d \d!:Az!A \d\\gd Y! bA
A_ A
A g b\_A!: YAb YAd YA !Abp g !pp_ \ g 2gbp_A Abu YA
bg:d!b\2 \ Jd:!bAd!__ !
!\gd!_ )]A28
\2Y \Y :A:2\gd !d: :A
\!\gdu d\\gd \d YA
bg:d!b\2 \ dg Jg
YA d\d\\!A:u Y8 YA _! !
A p
AAdA: ! J!\ !22gbp_\7 Q
A! !22gbp_\YbAd gJ YA jeY 2Ad
Y! :\\__A: ! )
g!:
!dQA gJ 2\Ad\K2 g)A
!\gd !d: ApA
\Ad2A \dg 22\d2 !AbAd Y!
AMA2 Yg YA g
_: g
^u \ )A ! Y\ )AQ\dd\dQ !QA Y! YAA _! )A p
AAdA: \Y 2_A!
!AbAd gJ YA\
2gdAd8 \Yg YA pA
pA!_ bg\gd !
QbAd8 !
dg 22_A8 !d: gYA
\d\\A
!pp\dQu YA bg \Qd\K2!d :Ap!
A gJ Y\ A J
gb gYA
g
^ _\A \d YA
A!bAd gJ YA 2gd2Ap gJ Az\_\)
\b \d 2gbp_A pY\2!_ Ab8 !d: \d YA p
AAd!\gd gJ ! QAdA
!_
!AQ Jg
Kd:\dQ YA 2gd:\\gd Jg
Az\_\)
\b \d 2Y Abu QAdA
!_ 2
\A
\gd Jg
Az\_\)
\b \ :AA_gpA: :\
A2_ J
gb YA A2gd: _! gJ YA
bg:d!b\2u YA b!YAb!\2!_ p
g2A:
A Jg
:A
\\dQ YA Az!\gd Y! :A2
\)A YA \dA
d!_ 2gd:\\gd YAd \ \ ! Az\_\)
\b \ YAd p
AAdA: \Y
\Qg
u \ YA 2Ad
!_ \Apg\d gJ Y\ A Y!8 \d2A !__ gJ YA g
^\dQ Az!\gd gJ YA
bg:d!b\2 !
A b!YAb!\2!_ !AbAd gJ YAA \dA
d!_ 2gd:\\gd Jg
Az\_\)
\b8 A!)_\YbAd gJ YA 2gddA2\gd )AAAd YAA 2gd:\\gd !d: K
p
\d2\p_A \ 2
2\!_ g ! g
^\dQ d:A
!d:\dQ gJ YA
bg:d!b\2u d:AA:8 YA
Ab!\d:A
gJ YA A \ ! A
\A gJ !pp_\2!\gd gJ Y\ QAdA
!_
!AQ g YA :A
\!\gd gJ YA 2gd:\\gd Jg
Az\_\)
\b \d Ab gJ \d2
A!\dQ 2gbp_A\8 gQAYA
\Y
!AQ\A Jg
!pp_\dQ YAA Az!\gd g g_A p
g)_Ab gJ p
!2\2!_ \dA
A g YA :Adu \Y A!2Y \d2
AbAd \d YA _AA_ gJ gpY\\2!\gd )A\dQ
A!A:8 dA p!
gJ YA !pp!
! gJ YA
bg:d!b\2 !
A \d
g:2A: !d: :AA_gpA: ! YA !
A dAA:A:u YA QAdA
!_
!AQ Jg
QA\dQ g YA g
^\dQ Az!\gd \ YA !bA Jg
!__ gJ YAA !pp_\2!\gdu Y8 YA 2gddA2\gd g YA Jd:!bAd!_ p
\d2\p_A \ \\)_A Jg
A!2Y dA :AA_gpbAdu
YA
bg
A8 Y\ 2gddA2\gd 2!d )A b!\d!\dA: \Yg \d
g:2\dQ !d b!YAb!\2!_ g
2gd2Ap!_ Yg
2u ApA\\gd )\_: 2gdK:Ad2A
\Qg
)\_: 2gbpAAd2Au dA A!
_ 2Y!pA
\d
g:2A YA 2gd2Ap gJ !\\2!_ YA
bg:d!b\2u Y\ )]A2 \
A!A: ! !d !_Qg
\Yb Jg
2gdA
\dQ !d !gb\2 bg:A_ Jg
YA )AY!\g
gJ YA Ab8 Jg
b_!A: ! ! _\ gJ YA pg\)_A !A Y! A!2Y !gb b! AY\)\8 \dg !_A gJ !__ gJ YA YA
bg:d!b\2 p
gpA
\A gJ YA Abu YA
!AQ Jg
:A
\\dQ YA 2gd:\\gd Jg
Az\_\)
\b \d Y\ 2!A !pp_\A g YA :A
\!\gd gJ YA g_b!dd :\
\)\gd Jd2\gd8 Y\2Y
Apg
Yg YA !gb !
A :\
\)A: gA
YA AdA
Q _AA_ YAd YA Ab !!\d Az\_\)
\bu YA !_Qg
\Yb \ YAd \__
!A: Jg
YA \:A!_ Q! bg:A_ !d: YA \dA\d bg:A_ Jg
! 2
!_u !\\2!_ YA
bg:d!b\2 \ A: A
_\_A \d )AzAd 2Y!pA
)A2!A YA 2_!A gJ Ab Y! !
A YA :gb!\d gJ b!A
\!_ 2\Ad2A Ad: g )A gg 2gbp_A Jg
!2!)_A
A!bAd8 b2Y _A Jg
p
AAd!\gd g K
[\bA :Ad gJ YA )]A2u g 2Y!pA
2gd!\d AA
!_ \__
!\A A!bp_A8 :A\QdA: g AbpY!\A YA
!AQ\A Y! 2gddA2 p
\d2\p_A g Y!
: dbA
\2!_ !dA
u !2Y 2Y!pA
Ad: \Y ! bb!
Y!
A\A YA \bpg
!d 2gd2Ap8
!AQ\A8 !d:
A_!\gdY\p Y! \ 2gd!\du !2Y 2Y!pA
!_g Ad: \Y ! 2g__A2\gd gJ YgbAg
^ p
g)_Ab8 b!d gJ Y\2Y !
A :A\QdA: g Y! YA !
A )A g_A: \dQ ! pA
gd!_ 2gbpA
7 YA !A :Ad b! Kd: \ AJ_ g
\A gbA bg
A QAdA
!_ p
gQ
!b Y! 2!d )A A:
ApA!A:_ ! YA _AA_ gJ gpY\\2!\gd \d2
A!Au !bp_A gJ YgbAg
^ p
g)_Ab \__ )A :
!d bg
A g
_A d\Jg
b_ J
gb YA b!]g
2_!A gJ b!A
\!_7 2A
!b\28 bA!_8 pg_bA
8 A_A2
gd\2 b!A
\!_8 !d: 2gbpg\Au Y\ !pp
g!2Y A
A g \__
!A YA pgA
gJ YA 2gd2Ap8 _!8 !d:
!AQ\A gJ pYAdgbAdg_gQ\2!_ YA
bg:d!b\2 ) :Abgd
!\dQ Y! YA 2!d )A !pp_\A: g !__ !A gJ b!A
u YA ApA
\Ad2A Q!\dA: \d L A!
gJ A!2Y\dQ !d d:A
Q
!:!A 2g
A \d YA
bg:d!b\2 \d b!A
\!_ 2\Ad2A8 gQAYA
\Y bg
A Y!d jL A!
gJ A!2Y\dQ ! Q
!:!A 2g
A \d YA !bA !
A!8 Y!
A_A: \d !d !pp
g!2Y g YA gp\2 Y! \ d\zAu YA !pp
g!2Y !22Ad
\Qg
8 QAdA
!_\8 !d:
2
A \d :AA_gp\dQ YA 2gd2Ap !d:
!AQ\A Y! b!^A p YA
bg:d!b\2 )A2!A YA 2gddA2\gd )AAAd K
p
\d2\p_A !d: p
!2\2!_ p
g)_Ab g_\gd !
A Y!
p_ \__b\d!A: YA K
[\bA :Ad 2!d YgpA dg gd_ g !pp_ YA
bg:d!b\2 g YA gpY\\2!A: Ad: gJ Ab Y! !
A YA )
A!: !d: )A
gJ b!A
\!_ 2\Ad2A8 ) g d:A
!d: YA\
!pp_\2!\gdu \ ! p_A!
A g !2^dg_A:QA YA YA_p gJ A!YA
_QA
b!d8 Yg p
g\:A: !:\2A \d YA bg
A gpY\\2!A: !pA2 gJ g
: p
g2A\dQ \dg_A: \d p\dQ gQAYA
Y\ Au !bA_! gA__ p
ggJ
A!: YA b!d2
\p \Y
Ab!
^!)_A ^\__ )AJg
A \ ! )b\A: g YA p)_\YA
u !\: u !
\d8 d\A
\ gJ \2Y\Q!d8 !d: gdA gg_A8 d\A
\ gJ \d2\dd!\8 gJJA
A: b!d YA_pJ_ 2gbbAd !d: QQA\gd Y\_A
A\A\dQ YA b!d2
\pu Y!d^ g YA b!d :Ad8 )gY Q
!:!A !d: d:A
Q
!:!A8 Yg Jg
b!d A!
Ad2g
!QA: bA g d:A
!^A Y\ Au \d!__8 !b Q
!AJ_ g b \JA8 !
]g
\A8 Yg !2
\K2A: b!d AAd\dQ8 AA^Ad:8 !d: !2!\gd ! :\!ppA!
A: \dg YA :Ad g g
^ gd YA p
g]A2u
)g YA Yg
g
gJAg
bA
\ gJ YA Ap!
bAd gJ !A
\!_ 2\Ad2A !d: dQ\dAA
\dQ ! YA d\A
\ gJ _g
\:!8 g)A
u A gJJ ! gdA gJ YA Jgd:\dQ J!YA
gJ Y! p
gQ
!bu g
bg
A Y!d Jg
:A2!:A YA Y! :AA_gpA: !d: !QY Q
!:!A !d: d:A
Q
!:!A 2g
A Y!
A_!A g b\2
g
2
A \d b!A
\!_ 2\Ad2A !d: AdQ\dAA
\dQ8 \d2_:\dQ 2g
A \d YA QAgbA
gJ b\2
g
2
A !d: YA ^\dA\2 gJ YA\
Ag_\gd8 :\JJ\gd8 pY!A :\!Q
!b8 z!d\!\A 2Y!
!2A
\!\gd gJ b\2
g
2
A rA
Ag_gQs8 !d: d:A
Q
!:!A !d: Q
!:!A 2g
A \d YA
bg[ :d!b\2u A2!A gJ Y\ _gdQA\8 \ \ A
_\^A_ Y!
gJAg
A gJJ Y! !QY 2_!A \d YA
bg:d!b\2 bg
A gJAd Y!d !dgdA A_A gd YA p_!dAu A Y! !_g )AAd \dg_A: \d YA :AA_gpbAd !d: Ag_\gd gJ YA 2
\2_b \d YA b!A
\!_ 2\Ad2A !d: AdQ\dAA
\dQ p
gQ
!bu \
AA!
2Y !d: p)_\2!\gd Y!A !_g 2AdA
A: !
gd: YA Ag_\gd gJ b\2
g
2
A \d bg gJ YA !
A! 2\A: !)gA ! Y\ A!2Y\dQ ApA
\Ad2Au A Y!
A2A\A: ! db)A
gJ !!
: )!A: gd Y\
AA!
2Y !d: A!2Y\dQ J
gb ! !
\A gJ p
gJA\gd!_ g2\A\A8 bg
A2Ad_ YA :2!g
!
: J
gb YA \dA
!_8 A!_ $ !A
\!_ g2\A rLsu
!)_A gJ gdAd Y!pA
j Y : YA
bg:d!b\2{ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u j Y!pA
YA
2
A gJ YA
bg:d!b\2 u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u j Y!pA
YA ! gJ YA
bg:d!b\2u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u j Y!pA
O YA
bg:d!b\2 !
\!)_A !d: A_!\gdu u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u L Y!pA
L z\_\)
\b \d YA
bg:d!b\2 Ab u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u j Y!pA
!\\2!_ YA
bg:d!b\2 u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u je Y!pA
d!
AA
gQAdAg Abu u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u j Y!pA
B _\2gbpgdAd gbgQAdAg gd
A!2\dQ Ab7 g_\gd u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u je Y!pA
e _\2gbpgdAd AA
gQAdAg Abu u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u Oe Y!pA
j YA
bg:d!b\2 gJ Y!A \!Q
!bu u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u BL Y!pA
jj _\2gbpgdAd _\pY!A A!2\dQ Ab u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u Oe Y!pA
j !p\__!
\ JJA2 \d YA
bg:d!b\2u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u Oe Y!pA
j AJA2 \d
!_ u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u OL
Y!pA
jO z\_\)
\b \d gd\dg Ab7 YA
bg:d!b\2 JJA2 gJ A
d!_ \A_:u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u OeL Y!pA
jL _A2
g2YAb\
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u L
ppAd:\ d:!bAd!_ Y\2!_ gd!d !d: gdA
\gd !2g
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u LLe ppAd:\
gpA
\A gJ A_A2A: _AbAd u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u Lj ppAd:\ Y!A
!dJg
b!\gd Jg
YA _AbAd u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u L ppAd:\
gpA
\A gJ gbA !d:gb g_\gd u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u LL ppAd:\
gpA
\A gJ A_A2A: gbpgd: u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u L ppAd:\ dA
J!2\!_ dA
Q\A gJ A_A2A: _AbAd u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u Le ppAd:\ _A2
g2YAb\2!_ A
\A u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u Lj ppAd:\
YA !
dg 2_A u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u L ppAd:\ dA
g gbAg
^
g)_Ab u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u Le d:A u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u Lej
j
Y : YA
bg:d!b\2{
juj ju ju juO
YA gA
!d:
A!:Y gJ YA
bg:d!b\2 uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu j YA AdA
\2 A\gd ::
AA: ) YA
bg:d!b\2 uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu YA
bg:d!b\2 \b\A: g Ab \d z\_\)
\buuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu O YA YA
bg:d!b\2 !\ Jg
z\_\)
\b !p uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu juOuj YA
\d2\p_A uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu juOu YA
!AQ\A uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu B juOu !!)!A uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu e juOuO !p gJ z\_\)
\b !Auuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu e juL Y
AA AA_ gJ YA YA
bg:d!b\2 pp!
! uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu jO ju bb!
uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu jL
juj
A gJ d:A
Q
!:!A 2
\2_! \d b!A
\!_ 2\Ad2A !d: AdQ\dAA
\dQ YgA: Y! AA
p
gQ
!b
Az\
A ! 2g
A 2g
A \d YA
bg:d!b\2u d bg
A Y!d et gJ YgA p
gQ
!b8 YA 2g
A \ !QY \Y\d YA :Ap!
bAdu g Q
!:!A p
gQ
!b Y!A gdA g
bg
A 2g
A \d YA )]A2u \:Ad_ YA
A \ \:Ap
A!: !Q
AAbAd Y! Y\ )]A2 \ ! 2Ad
!_ gdA \d b!A
\!_ 2\Ad2A !d: AdQ\dAA
\dQu YA !bA !AbAd 2!d )A b!:A Jg
p
gQ
!b \d 2YAb\2!_ AdQ\dAA
\dQ !d: 2YAb\
!d:8 pA
Y!p g ! _AA
AAd8 pY\2u Y{ \A p
\b!
A!gd7 ju u u Ou
YA
bg:d!b\2 \ pA
!\Au YA
bg:d!b\2 \ 2gbp
AYAd\Au YA
bg:d!b\2 \ A!)_\YA:u YA
bg:d!b\2 p
g\:A YA )!\ Jg
g
Q!d\\dQ \dJg
b!\gd !)g Yg b!A
)AY!Au Lu YA
bg:d!b\2 Ad!)_A YA QAdA
!\gd gJ b!p gJ Az\_\)
\b !A Y! 2!d )A A: g !dA
! p
g:\Q\g
!dQA gJ zA\gd gJ p
!2\2!_ \bpg
!d2A \d 2\Ad2A !d: \d:
u YA
bg:d!b\2 \ pA
!\A \ !pp_\A g AA
g_bA A_AbAd \d AA
Ab ! AA
\d!d \d \bAu g pA
!\A 2!d g QA{ j
YA
bg:d!b\2 \d !A
\!_ 2\Ad2A
YA
bg:d!b\2 \ 2gbp
AYA...