Sample/practice exam 18 May, questions PDF

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MCQ in Research methodology and bio-statistics...

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1. To study rare diseases, we use a) Case control study b) Case report series c) Cross sectional study d) Prospective study trial

e) Randomized Clinical

2. Cohort prospective study is characterized by: a) Suitable for rare diseases b) can be conducted in short time c) Can study multiple outcomes d) A + C e) B + C 3. Case control studies are characterized by: a) can be conducted in short period b) incidence rate can be calculated c) absolute risk can be calculated d) all of the above e) A + C 4. Recall bias is common in the following study: a) Prospective study b) Case-control study c) Case series d) Ecological study

e) Survey

5. A cohort prospective study has the following characteristics EXCEPT: a) It tends to be expensive b) It measures the relative risk of the studied disease c) No recall bias d) It is suitable for rare disease e) It proves causality between exposure and disease 6. Randomization is the feature of: Clinical Trial b)Cohort studies C) Case control studies d) Retrospective studies *Choose the most appropriate type of the studies from the following list that suit the titles below (from Q.7 to Q.11). Notice that, each option may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Cohort prospective. b) Cross sectional. c) Case control. d) Ecological. e) Clinical trial. 7. Prevalence of breast cancer among women received hormonal replacement therapy. 8. Effect of different treatment on a disease outcome. 9. Environmental factors affecting obesity in different African countries. 10. Exposure to occupational risk factors and the incidence of Brain Tumors: 2013-2020. 11. Relationship between immunoglobulins in adult population and smoking: Community based Survey. 12. An investigator evaluated the association between the frequency of ischemic heart diseases and the average cholesterol level in different countries. This study is:

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a) Cross sectional c) Prospective cohort

b) Correlation (Ecological) d) Case control

e) Intervention

13. Odds ratio could be calculated from: a) Correlation or ecological study b) retrospective or historical cohort study c) case control study d) case series study e) case report study 14. In cohort study we could examine: a) causes of a disease b) what happen to disease overtime? c) Identify outcome from different therapies d) All of the above e) b and c only *For each case history described below (Q.15-Q.18), select the study design it most appropriately illustrates. A. Case-series report. B. Case-control study. C. Clinical trial. D. Cohort prospective study. E. Case report. 15. A total of 300 newly diagnosed patients with cancer colon are allocated randomly to treatment with either surgical excision alone or surgical excision plus chemotherapy. 16. A 39- year-old man who presents with a mild sore throat, fever, malaise, and headache is treated with penicillin for presumed streptococcal infection. He returns after a week with hypotension, fever, rash, and abdominal pain. He responds favorably to chloramphenicol, after a diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever is made. 17. A total of 1000 of new graduated physicians, half of whom working in the Xray departments, and half of whom working in other departments, will be asked after 20 years to give a history of cancer to assess the association between X-ray exposure and cancer. 18. Patients admitted for carcinoma of the stomach with subjects without a diagnosis of cancer are surveyed for their smoking history to assess the possible association of smoking and gastric cancer. 19. A cohort prospective study has the following characteristics EXCEPT: a) It tends to be expensive b) It measures the relative risk of the studied disease c) No recall bias d) It is suitable for rare disease e) It proves causality between exposure and disease 20. The temporal association can be best observed through which of the following study design: a) Case series b) Case Control c) Case Report d) Cohort e) Cross sectional

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21. In Case Control study the controls are selected on the basis of: a) Disease present b) Exposure present c) Disease absent d) Exposure absent e) All of the above 22. Blinding is the procedure used in order to minimize bias in: a) Case series b) Case Control c) Case Report d) Cohort e) Clinic trials 23. Pretesting Process (Pilot study) can: a) Determine whether respondents have any difficulty understanding the questionnaire b) Determine whether there are any ambiguous or biased questions. c) Determine whether the questionnaire will meet the objectives of the research. d) All of the above e) A and B This scenario applies to Questions 24 and 25: A total of 1000 of new graduated physicians enrolled in a study, half of whom working in the X-ray departments, and half of whom working in other departments, will be investigated after 20 years for cancers to assess the association between X-ray exposure and cancer. 24. Which of the following study design would be used? a) Case-series study. b) Case-control study. c) Clinical trial. d) Cohort prospective study. 25. Which of the following measurement estimate would be used to examine the association between X ray exposure and cancer? a) Relative risk. b) Odds ratio. c) Incidence rate. d) Prevalence rate. e) None of the above. 26. Which one of the following statements explains the principal difference between an experimental study and a prospective cohort study? a) In an experimental study, subjects are allocated into the treatment and comparison groups b) In an experimental study, subjects are followed forward in time from intervention to outcome. c) An experimental study requires large sample sizes d) A control group is required in an experimental study e) Participants in an experimental study are randomly selected from the target population. 1. A list of 5 pulse rates is: 70, 64, 80, 74, 92. What is the median for this list? a) 74 b) 76 c)77 d)80 2. Which one of the following variables is not categorical?

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a) b) c) d) e)

Height in cm. Gender of a person: male or female. Choice on a test item: true or false. Marital status of a person (single, married, divorced, other). Educational level (1ry, intermediate, 2ry).

3. The normal distribution curve is determined by………… a) Mean and standard deviation b) Mean and range c) Range and sample size d) Range and standard deviation e) None of the above 4. All the following figures can be used to show the relationship between two variables except…………. a) Scatter plot b)Bar chart c)Pie chart d) Segmented bar chart e)Grouped bar chart 5. Random samples are characterized by being: a) it is not selective b) every subject in the population has the same probability of being selected c) the investigator has no role in sample selection d) All of the above 6. The mean body weight of 250 normal distributed subjects is 70 ± 5 kg, then the proportion of subjects in this group with body weight more than 65 kg is: a) 84% b)5 % c)68% d)95% 7. The best sampling type used to represent heterogeneous population is….. a) Simple random sample b) Systematic random sample c) Multistage random sample d) Stratified random sample 8. The tools of data collection include………….. a) Observation b) Questionnaire c)Interview

d)All of the above

9. Variables that are expressed in numbers and contain fractions named…… a) Discrete variables b) Continuous variables c)Nominal variables d)Ordinal variables 10. The primary sources of data include………….. a) Scientific journal data b)Hospital records c)Survey 11. The square root of variance is referred to……………..

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d) (B and C)

a) Median d) Standard deviation

b)Geometric mean e) Arithmetic mean

c) Range

12. Which of the following is a measure of dispersion? a) Mean b)Range c)Mode d)Median 13. The observation which has the highest frequency is called……….. a) Mean b) Median c) Mode d)Geometric mean Variance 14. This graph is called……….. a) Histogram b) Frequency polygon c) Scatter plot d) Bar chart e) Pie chart 15. Stages of cancer are considered as……………. a) Discrete variables b) Continuous variables c) Nominal variables d) Ordinal variables 16. Which of the following variable is nominal variable? a) Marital status b)Age in years c)Height in cm d) Pulse rate per minute e) None of the above 17. Pulse rate is: a) Discrete variable c) Nominal variables

b) Continuous variables d) Ordinal variables

18. Among women aged (18 to 34) in a community, weight is normally distributed with a Mean of (52) kgm and standard deviation (S.D.) of 7.5 kgm What percentage (%) of women will have a weight over 59.5? a) 2.5% b) 16% c) 34% d) 68% 19. Marital status is………….. a) Ordinal variable c) Discrete variable

b) Nominal variable d) Continuous variable

20. What type of sample in this situation: 20 females and 20 males out of the 100 individuals? a) Simple random b) Systematic random c) Stratified sample d) Cluster sample 21. The secondary sources of data include…………..

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a) Census

b) Vital statistics

c)Survey

d)Studies

e)A and B

22. Which one of the following variables is not categorical? a) Height in cm. b) Gender of a person: male or female. c) Choice on a test item: true or false. d) Marital status of a person (single, married, divorced, other). 23. The area between two standard deviations on either side of the mean (X ± 2SD) will include approximately the following percent of values in the distribution: a) 68% b) 95% c) 100% d) 90% 24. Educational level is considered as: a) Discrete variable b) Continuous variables c) Nominal variables d) Ordinal variables 25. Bar chart is used to depict relation between a) Two continuous variables b) Two categorical variables d) One categorical and one continuous d) All of the above 26. Rate of natural increase is a) The difference between crude birth rate and crude death rate b) The difference between crude birth rate and crude death rate plus migration rate c) The difference between specific birth rate and specific death rate d) None of the above 27. Number of children is a) Discrete variable c) Nominal variables

b) Continuous variables d) Ordinal variables

28. Temperature chart is form of a) Histogram b)Line graph c)Pie chart d)Box plot 29. Mode of the series is a) The most frequent value b) Value that divides the series into two equal half c) The most dispersed value d) None of the above 30. One of the following is not an advantage of the cluster sampling: a) It necessitates the need for sampling frame. b) The cost of field operations per unit is reduced.

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c) It is more acceptable to the population surveyed. e) It leads to more accurate observation. 31. Research includes: a) Systematic collection of data b) Analysis and interpretation of data c) Answer certain proposed questions d) Solving certain problem e. all of the above 32. On choosing a research topic; all are true except: a) Relevancy b) feasibility c) applicability d) Unnecessary political acceptability e) ethical acceptability 33. Questionnaires are a) inexpensive ways to gather data from a potentially large number of respondents. b) Quite flexible in what they can measure c) not equally suited to measuring all types of data. d) All of the above 34. The drawback of using the self-administered Questionnaires in data collection is: a) Cheap b) Easy c) Less susceptible to interviewer bias d) Can be administered by mail. e) The rate of non-response may be high 35. A questionnaire does not typically include: a)Introductory statement b) Demographic questions c) Factual and Opinion questions d) Laboratory data e) Closing statement 36. Leading questions: a)Are questions that suggest or implies a certain answer. b)Include the bandwagon effect. c)Include partially mentioning some alternatives. d)Include questions with the phrase: “ Don’t you think that e)All of the above. 37. Probability samples include the following types except: a) Cluster sample b)quota sample c) Stratified random sample d) Systematic random sample e) Multistage sample

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38. Sample size depends on the following: a) Research question or hypothesis b) Method of sampling technique c) Degree of precision d) all of the above 39. What type of sample in this situation: 20 females and 20 males out of the 100 individuals? a) simple random b) Systematic random c) Stratified sample d) Cluster sample 40. The ordinal variable is considered as a) Discrete data b) Categorical data c) Continuous data d) Quantitative variable e) None of the above 41. Which of the following variable is measured in nominal scale? a) Blood grouping b) Age in years c) Height in cm d) Pulse rate per minute e) None of the above 42. A person’s educational level is which type of these variables a) Ordinal b) Discrete c) Nominal D) Continuous e) None of the above 43. An analysis of the race of patients who visit an emergency room reveals that 40% are Saudi, 25% are Arabs, 20% are African, and 15% are Asian. These data would best be depicted graphically with : a) Scatter plot b)Line graph c) Histogram d) Pie chart e) None of the above 44. A stratified random sample is characterized by ………….. a) Not random, not representative b) Population first divided into strata c) A sample is drawn from each stratum randomly d) Used when the population is heterogeneous e) (B&C&D ) 45. The standard deviation is………….. a) A measure of location b) Equivalent to range c) A measure of dispersion of data. d) A measure of central tendency e) None of the above 46. The most powerful of these epidemiologic studies is………. a) Prospective cohort study b) Case control study

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c) Cross sectional study e) Ecological study

d) Randomized clinical trial

47. The best diagram presenting the relationship between systolic blood pressure and age is a) Scatter plot b) Histogram c) Pie chart d) Segmented bar chart e) None of the above 48. The tools of data collection include………….. a) Observation b) Questionnaire c) Interview d) All of the above e) A & C 49. Variables that are expressed in numbers or quantities and contain fractions named……………… a) Discrete variables b) Continuous variables c) Nominal variables d) Ordinal variables e) Grouped data 50. The observation which has the highest frequency is called……….. a) Mean b)Median c)Mode d)Geometric mean e)Variance 51. The primary sources of data include………….. a) Census b) Vital statistics c) Survey d) Studies

e) C and D

52. When the sample size of the study is large, we expect the precision to be: a) Narrower b) Wider c) Not change d) Biased e) Accurate 53. A normal distribution curve is based mainly on: a) Mean and sample size b) Mean and standard deviation c) Range and sample size d) Range and standard deviation e) Mean and range

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Mean, Median and Mode are : (A) Measures of deviation (B) Ways of sampling (C) Measures of control tendency (D) None of the above Answer: (D)

Research is (A) Searching again and again (B) Finding solution to any problem (C) Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem (D) None of the above Answer: (C)

Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process? (A) Searching sources of information to locate problem. (B) Survey of related literature (C) Identification of problem (D) Searching for solutions to the problem Answer: (C)

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A common test in research demands much priority on (A) Reliability (B) Useability (C) Objectivity (D) All of the above Answer: (D)

Action research means (A) A longitudinal research (B) An applied research (C) A research initiated to solve an immediate problem (D) A research with socioeconomic objective Answer: (C)

A reasoning where we start with certain particular statements and conclude with a universal statement is called (A) Deductive Reasoning (B) Inductive Reasoning (C) Abnormal Reasoning (D) Transcendental Reasoning Answer: (B)

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Which of the following variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms? (A) Socio-economic Status (B) Marital Status (C) Numerical Aptitude (D) Professional Attitude Answer: (C)

The essential qualities of a researcher are (A) Spirit of free enquiry (B) Reliance on observation and evidence (C) Systematization or theorizing of knowledge (D) All the above Answer: (D)

In the process of conducting research ‘Formulation of Hypothesis” is followed by (A) Statement of Objectives (B) Analysis of Data (C) Selection of Research Tools (D) Collection of Data

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Answer: (C)

A research paper is a brief report of research work based on (A) Primary Data only (B) Secondary Data only (C) Both Primary and Secondary Data (D) None of the above Answer: (C)

One of the following is not an open source software: (A) DSpace (B) Windows (C) Green-stone (D) Linux Answer: (B)

Classification of all types of libraries has been made by(A) IFLA (B) UNISIST (C) UNESCO (D) INSDOC

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Answer: (C)

Reading centre’s, story hours, exhibitions and reading to literature are forms of … (A) Extension service (B) Service of a public library (C) Both (D) None Answer: (C)

Informal self education is possible in what kind of library? (A) National Library (B) Public Library (C) Specific Library (D) College Library Answer: (B)

……………………. Is a process of information (A) Books (B) CD-ROM (C) Computers

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(D) None of the above Answer: (B)

Feedback mechanism is a part of which service? (A) Reprography (B) CAS (C) Translation service (D) SDI Answer: (D)

What is the collection of terms or records in MARC called? (A) System (B) Network (C) Website (D) Database Answer: (D)

What is Bibliometry? (A) Function of Library Network (B) Information Management Service (C) Information Management Tool

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(D) Library Service Answer: (C)

Microchip was invented by….. (A) Microsoft (B) IBM (C) DELL (D) Intel Answer: (D)

Information is….. (A) Raw Data (B) Processed Data (C) Input data (D) Organized data Answer: (D)

Conference proceedings are considered as..................documents. (A) Conventional

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(B) Primary (C) Secondary (D) Tertiary Answer: (B)

RSS feed is a tool of : (A) Graphic design (B) Web 1.0 (C) Web 2.0 (D) Architecture Answer: (C)

An appropriate source to find out descriptive information is................ . (A) Bibliography (B) Directory (C) Encyclopedia (D) Dictionary Answer: (C)

One of the following search engine is exclusively meant for scientific information : (A) Google

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(B) Yahoo (C) SCIRUS (D) Altavista Answer: (C)

Technological Gatekeeper is : (A) A formal method of giving current awareness service (B) A method of technology assessment and evaluation (C) A process of transfer of technology (D) An informal mechanism of keeping user informed of relevant development Answer: (D)

The Farmington plan is associated with : (A) Library Legislation (B) Library Cataloguing (C) Library Cooperation (D) Library Indexing Service Answer: (C)

UNESCO assisted Model Public Library in India is located at :

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(A) Kolkata (B) Delhi (C) Mumbai (D) Chennai Answer: (B)

Mark the ‘odd one out’ : (A) Cow-Calf principle (B) Principle of osmosis (C) Wall picture principle (D) Whole organ principle Answer: (B)

Shelf list facilitates................ . (A) Classification (B) Weeding out (C) Stock verification (D) Documentation Answer: (C)

Questionnaire is a :

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(A) Research method (B) Measurement technique (C) Tool for data collection (D) Data analysis technique Answer: (C)

A per...