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Semester One Sample Examination, 2013

PSYC2040 Social and Organisational Psychology

This exam paper must not be removed from the venue

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School of Psychology EXAMINATION Semester One Sample Examinations, 2013

PSYC2040 Social and Organisational Psychology This paper is for St Lucia Campus students. Examination Duration:

90 minutes

Reading Time:

10 minutes

For Examiner Use Only Question

Mark

Exam Conditions: This is a Central Examination This is a Closed Book Examination - specified materials permitted During reading time - write only on the rough paper provided This examination paper will NOT be released to the Library Materials Permitted In The Exam Venue: (No electronic aids are permitted e.g. laptops, phones) An unmarked Bilingual dictionary is permitted Calculators - No calculators permitted Materials To Be Supplied To Students: Rough Paper Instructions To Students: Please write your answers on the examination paper in the spaces provided.

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Semester One Sample Examination, 2013

PSYC2040 Social and Organisational Psychology

Please write your answers on the examination paper in the spaces provided.

1. Weary et al. (1982) found evidence of the self-serving bias in which of their four conditions: private attribution/future performance, private attribution/no future performance, public attribution/future performance, or public attribution/no future performance? (1 mark)

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2. What is the ultimate attribution error? (2 marks) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

3. Jones and Harris’ (1967) experiment showed that people make the fundamental attribution error. This was demonstrated by the fact that _________________________ influenced perceptions of the authors’ attitude toward Castro in the _________________________ condition. (2 marks)

4. Imagine that you notice someone trip and fall. According to Gilbert’s 2-step attribution model, what attribution would you draw about this person if you were busy thinking about other things and why? Be sure to state the type of attribution and explain why being busy thinking about other things would cause you to make this attribution. (2 marks) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

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Semester One Sample Examination, 2013

PSYC2040 Social and Organisational Psychology

5. Although people can often interpret cues and recognise other people's emotions, various factors can make it difficult. We discussed four of these factors. Describe two of them. (2 marks) (a) _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ (b) _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

6. Rime et al. (1991) asked people questions about who they share their emotions with. Which emotion was the least likely to be discussed with acquaintances and parents? (1 mark) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

7. In the emotion lecture, we discussed several reasons why people have emotions. Give one of these reasons. (1 mark). ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

8. Schachter and Singer (1962) conducted an experiment to test their theory of emotion. Their theory stated that experienced emotion is a function of physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation of that arousal (cognitive label). Briefly describe how they manipulated physiological arousal and the cognitive interpretation of arousal in their experiment. (3 marks) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

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Semester One Sample Examination, 2013

PSYC2040 Social and Organisational Psychology

9. Fazio, Powell, and Williams’ (1989) study demonstrated that attitudes toward products (e.g., gum, lollies) predicted behaviour better when attitudes were ______________________________. (1 mark)

10. According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, motivation and ability influence how much a person thinks about a persuasive message. Name the two factors that influence motivation. (2 marks) (a) _____________________________________________________________________________ (b) _____________________________________________________________________________

11. If I tell someone a boring task was fun for $1, then convince myself it really was fun to justify my behaviour, which theory best explains my attitude? (1 mark)

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12. Bandura’s classic Bobo Doll study illustrates that aggression can stem from what process? (1 mark)

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13. Berkowitz and Le Page (1967) found that participants were more aggressive when there was a _________________________ in the room, compared to when there was a badminton racket in the room. (1 mark)

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Semester One Sample Examination, 2013

PSYC2040 Social and Organisational Psychology

14. What effect does catharsis have on aggression and why? (2 marks) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

15. A political candidate who tries to harm an opponent’s reputation before an election in order to improve his/her own chances of winning is displaying which type of aggression? (1 mark)

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16. Having an audience observe one's performance increases _________________________ , which in turn, facilitates the __________________________________________. (2 marks)

17. When deindividuation occurs, what influences behaviour? (1 mark) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

18. In Deutsch and Krauss’ (1962) trucking game study, they found that teams did the worst in which condition? (1 mark)

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Semester One Sample Examination, 2013

PSYC2040 Social and Organisational Psychology

19. Zimbardo’s classic prison study illustrates the impact that ___________________________ play in determining people’s behaviour. (1 mark)

20. The best group outcome in a prisoner’s dilemma requires that both partners ____________________________________. (1 mark)

21. Informational social influence often leads to _______________________________________. (1 mark)

22. Name two factors that increase the strength of normative social influence, according to Social Impact Theory. (2 marks) (a) _____________________________________________________________________________ (b) _____________________________________________________________________________

23. How did they test whether participants had internalized the group norm of how much the dot of light was moving in Sherif’s study? (2 marks) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

24. In one sentence, describe a variation of the Milgram study that reduced obedience levels. (1 mark) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Page 6 of 11

Semester One Sample Examination, 2013

PSYC2040 Social and Organisational Psychology

25. Participants who were high OR low in self-esteem performed a difficult task that was described either as an experimental task OR as a measure of achievement potential. After completing this task participants were involved in a “get to know you” chat with another student. In what condition were participants liked the least? (Be sure to mention level of self-esteem and the task.) (1 mark)

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26. The idea that people gain self-insight by observing their own behaviour is known as ____________________________________________. (1 mark)

27. Some social psychologists argue that people do not engage in self-enhancement. If you had to convince such a sceptic that people do engage in self-enhancement, what study would you describe (describe the study in one or two sentences). (2 marks) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

28. A young, married woman fighting breast cancer must have a mastectomy. Research informs us as to the types of social comparisons that are most helpful for her psychological wellbeing. Provide an example of a helpful comparison and an unhelpful comparison that this woman might make. (2 marks) helpful comparison: _______________________________________________________________ unhelpful comparison: _____________________________________________________________

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Semester One Sample Examination, 2013

PSYC2040 Social and Organisational Psychology

29. Name and briefly define two types of organisational commitment. (2 marks) (a) _____________________________________________________________________________ (b) _____________________________________________________________________________

30. What is a realistic job preview and when should organisations consider using one? (2 marks) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

31. Employees are experiencing stress at work because there is too much work to do in too little time. Provide an example of emotion-focused coping and an example of problem-focused coping that could help manage stress for these employees (2 marks) emotion-focused: _________________________________________________________________ problem-focused: _________________________________________________________________

32. Describe the relationship between physical attractiveness and happiness. (1 mark) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

33. Why are rock stars less likely to stay married? (1 mark) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

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Semester One Sample Examination, 2013

PSYC2040 Social and Organisational Psychology

34. Happy and unhappy couples make different kinds of attributions for their partner’s behaviour. Provide an attribution a person in a happy relationship might make when s/he comes home to find their partner has made them a gourmet meal. Next, write the kind of attribution a person in an unhappy relationship would make under these same circumstances. (2 marks) happy couple attribution: ___________________________________________________________ unhappy couple attribution: _________________________________________________________

35. Young men participated in a study in which they were to take a seat next to an empty chair or next to an attractive woman. Television sets were placed in front of both chairs. Half of the time the televisions showed the same movie and half of the time the televisions showed different movies. In what way did the movies influence where the men sat and why? (2 marks) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

36. Name and briefly describe an input and an output from the input-process-output model of teams. (2 marks) input: ___________________________________________________________________________ output: __________________________________________________________________________

37. Under what conditions is a shared mental model most useful? (1 mark) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

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Semester One Sample Examination, 2013

PSYC2040 Social and Organisational Psychology

38. Research demonstrates that brainstorming groups are _________________________ productive than nominal groups (i.e., the same number of individuals who do not interact with one another). (1 mark)

39. Describe a potential obstacle to success for work teams. (1 mark) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

40. Stereotype threat leads to __________________________________________, resulting in ________________________ performance. (2 marks)

41. “We may rely on stereotypes even when we feel like we’re not.” Briefly describe the results of a study that supports this statement. (2 marks) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

42. Sherif’s experiment at Robbers Cave State Park in the 1950’s demonstrated how group conflict can bring about prejudice. To ensure the boys left camp without hating each other, how did Sherif eliminate this group conflict he created? (1 mark) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

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Semester One Sample Examination, 2013

PSYC2040 Social and Organisational Psychology

43. What is “wise criticism” and how is it relevant to diversity in the workplace? (3 marks) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

44. What is cross-cutting categorisation and how is it relevant to diversity in the workplace? (3 marks) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

45. List two common sources of job dissatisfaction that were discussed in the lecture. (2 marks) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

46. Name and describe one origin of stereotypes. (2 marks) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

END OF EXAMINATION

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