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1CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITYGRADUATE SCHOOLKabankalan City, Negros OccidentalCHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONBackground of the StudyDevelopment in the universe spread to new degrees let it be anything. Engineering had made things more knowledgeable and convenient. Today, the universe had turned into a...

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Republic of the Philippines CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study Development in the universe spread to new degrees let it

be

anything.

knowledgeable

and

turned

a

into

Engineering convenient. universe

had Today,

of

made the

electronic

things

more

universe

had

gadgets

and

applications. The electronic applications have advanced in assorted ways. Many of us depend on technological gadget to get us through the day, to do our job, to get around, and to find certain things (Adel, et. Al., 2012). Mostly affected were teens. Since these inventions were useful and can give a lot of entertainment such as games, texting, calls, media and many more, in connection, they give more attention to their gadgets than their studies and academic performance, (Studymode.com, 2016). A

study

especially different

observed

High kinds

that

School of

majority

Students

electronic

were

of

the

seen

gadgets

students of

daily,

using like

Republic of the Philippines CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental 2 cellphones, iPad, psp, etc. With that case, students who were addicted in using electronic gadgets affected their studies (Studymoose.com, 2016). On the other hand, several researchers have discovered that the use of electronic gadgets was also problematic. As Ling and Helmerson (2015) states that electronic gadgets is “at cross purpose with the mission of the school”. However, the

electronic

gadgets

gave

room

to

blending

students’

roles with other roles thus distracting and disrupting the students’ academic work (Gergen, 2012). Mathematics

is

widely

used

in

various

fields

and

covering a wide range of activities that enhances learning. However, concern

the not

decline only

in

in

Mathematics

school

but

achievement

with

the

is

of

department

of

education in general. Mathematics performance may sometimes be

anchored

on

how

the

lessons

are

being

introduced

in

school and on how the students learn. This scenario motivated the researchers to conduct a study on the usage and benefits of electronic gadgets in relation to Mathematics performance of Grade II students of Senior High in Amlan National High.

Republic of the Philippines CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental 3 Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the usage and benefits using

electronic

gadgets

in

relation

to

mathematics

performance of grade II students Specifically,

this

study

has

been

guided

by

the

following statement of the problems: 1. What is the extent of using electronic gadgets of Grade 11 students when grouped according to: a. Communication; b. Instruction; c. Recreation; d. Documentation? 2. What

is

the

extent

of

benefits

of

the

using

electronic gadgets to students’ learning? 3. How beneficial are electronic gadgets in Students’ Learning in terms of: a. Communication; b. Instruction; c. Recreation; d. Documentation?

Republic of the Philippines CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental 4 4. What

is

the

level

of

Mathematics

Performance

of

Grade 11 students? 5. Is there a significant difference between the usage of electronic gadgets in the classroom in terms of the following purposes: a. communication b. instruction c. recreation d. documentation purposes? 6. Is

there

usage

a

of

significant electronic

relationship gadgets

and

between

the

Mathematics

Performance of Grade 11 students? 7. Is

there

benefits

a of

significant using

relationship

electronic

between

gadgets

and

the the

mathematics performance of Grade Ii students?

Hypotheses

The following hypothesis were formulated based on the statement of the problem: 1. There is no significant difference between the usage of electronic gadgets in the classroom in terms of

Republic of the Philippines CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental 5 communication,

instruction,

recreation,

and

documentation. 2. There

is

usage

no

of

significant electronic

relationship gadgets

between

and

the

Mathematics

Performance of Grade 11 students. 3. There

is

no

benefits

significant

of

using

relationship

electronic

between

gadgets

and

the the

mathematics performance of Grade 11 students.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

This study was anchored on the Distributed Cognition Theory of Bonnie A. Nardi. In Distributed Cognition Theory, the student was afforded more power. In other words, it was a student-centered approach to learning where the learners participated

in

a

environment

that

participants

(Bell

learning

a

in

interaction where sharing

of

supports &

Winn,

community

takes

cognition

systematically

place. occurs.

cognitive

designed

interaction 2000).

This

of

learners

It

is

through

Distributed activity

or

learning

amongst theory a

the

where

interaction

Cognition

among

promoted

system

this

its

requires

parts

and

Republic of the Philippines CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental 6 participants of this system, which can be other people or tools

such

as

devices,

participants

distribute

learners

physical

in

representing

their

technologies their

or

cognition

digital

knowledge.

or

At

tools times,

media.

These

among

other

by by

externally using

these

tools, a little bit of the information might stick with the user, this is known as cognitive residue. It was through interaction with other members and tools that progresses learning. Therefore,

communication among all

participants

was paramount in importance (Bell & Winn, 2000). Also,

the

constructivist

theories

proposed

that

“knowledge is being actively constructed by the individual and knowing is an adaptive process, which organizes the individual’s 1996).

experiential

world”

(Mayer,

1992;

Hendry,

One of the main beliefs of the constructivist is

that people develop and build understanding from their own personal and subjective experiences.

Students bring their

own schema (past experiences) into their academics and use it to enhance their learning by gaining more knowledge and build

upon

their

old.

Even

though

a

teacher

can

be

excellent and excel at implementing constructivist learning theory in conjunction with mobile technologies, students

Republic of the Philippines CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental 7 will not necessarily learn. Another

theory

was

the

theory

of

mobile

learning,

through thinking of the role of mobility and communication in

learning

environments.

(Sharples,

Taylor,

&

Vavoula,

2005). In mobile learning, students learn across both space and time and move from topic to topic.

Like a blended

environment, learners move in and out of engagement with technology. it

is

the

A key point in mobile learning theory is that learner

(Shuler, 2009).

that

is

mobile,

not

the

technology

As devices are ubiquitous, learning can be

interwoven with activities part of everyday life.

Control

of mobile learning environments can be distributed, and context

is

constructed

by

learners

through

their

interaction with devices and with each other. Likewise, mathematical learning theory is an attempt to describe and explain behavior in quantitative terms. several

psychologists

have

attempted

to

develop

such

theories (Hull et al., 1970). The work of R. C. Atkinson is particularly interesting because he applied mathematical learning

theory

to

the

design

of

a

language

arts

curriculum. To conceptualize, this study focused on the concept

Republic of the Philippines CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental 8 of

using electronic

gadgets

inside the

classroom

for

communication, instruction, recreation and documentation purposes

considering their

profile

such

as age, sex,

grade level, family monthly income, gadgets used, and number of hours spent in using gadgets relation to Grade 11 student’s mathematics performance. The

figure

below

shows

the

paradigm

showing the relationship among its variables.

of

the

study

Republic of the Philippines CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental 9 Schematic Diagram

USAGE OF ELECTRONIC GADGETS a. Communication purposes b. Instructional Purposes c. Recreational Purposes d. Documentation Purposes Mathematics

Performance of Grade 11 Students

Benefits of Using Electronic Gadgets to Students’ Learning a. b. c. d.

Communication Instruction Recreation Documentation

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study showing the relationship among the variables

Republic of the Philippines CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental 10 Significance of the Study

This study determined the relationship on the usage of electronic

gadgets

to

the

academic

performance

in

mathematics of the senior high school students in Amlan National

High

School.

This

was

significant

to

the

following: Education

Program

This

Planners.

study

will

have

baseline as to the benefits of using electronic gadgets in to

students

in

the

classroom

and

plan

of

changes

on

policies on using electronic gadgets in the classroom. School Heads. This is beneficial for them to impose disciplinary

action

for

students

who

were

addicted

to

electronic gadgets especially the students whose grades and school

attendance

Walcott

(2013),

are

each

greatly school

is

affected. expected

According to

to

promote

a

positive school culture and climate that provides students with

a

supportive

environment

in

which

to

grow

both

socially and academically. Schools are expected to take a proactive role in nurturing students’ pro-social behavior by

providing

them

with

a

range

of

positive

behavioral

Republic of the Philippines CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental 11 supports

as

well

as

meaningful

opportunities

for

social

emotional learning. ICT Coordinator. The study will help ICT coordinators to make have suggest specific gadgets to be used at home and how policies and guidelines how does these gadgets used inside

the

classroom

that

is

beneficial

for

instruction

purposes only. Teachers.

This

study

is

important

because

it

would

help teachers examine whether the use of electronic gadget has negative implication on students’ note-taking behaviors and subsequent performance on exam and study habits. Thus, they would impose discipline in the classroom in the use of gadgets. Students. This study is important to remain aware of their

responsibilities

because excessive

many use

while

academics of

the

and

using

their

favorite

researchers

internet

and

other

believe

gadget that

sophisticated

gadgets have the potential to become an addiction.

Republic of the Philippines CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental 12 Scope and Limitations of the Study

The general focus of this study was to determine the extent

of

the

usage

electronic

gadgets

in

relation

to

Mathematics performance of senior high school students in Amlan National High School , Division of

Negros Oriental,

School Year 2018-2019. The respondents of this study are all grade 11 students of Amlan National High School who uses

electronic

gadgets,

thus,

Senior

High

students

who

does not use electronic gadgets are not included in this study. The period of conducting the study is within the second semester of the school year 2018-2019.

It utilizes

the School Form 138 (SF138) School Report Card and School Form 10 (SF10) Senior High School Student Permanent Record to

determine

the

academic

performance

of

students

in

Mathematics. A survey questionnaire is distributed to the respondents to gather data for analysis and findings.

Definition of Terms

The following terms was defined both conceptually and operationally:

Republic of the Philippines CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental 13 Mathematics Performance. In this study, it is the extent to which a student has achieve their educational goals. It is represented by Cumulative GPA. Communication.

in

this

study,

the

term

refers

to

texting, calling and chatting through electronic gadgets. Documentation.

In

this

study,

the

term

refers

to

gathering and/ or storing of information using electronic gadgets taking pictures, recordings and saving files. Electronic Gadgets. In this study, the term refers to devices

used

by

students

specifically

laptops/personal

computers, tablets, ipods and smart phones however, keypad phones are not included. It may be their own or borrowed from others. Instruction. In this term refers to instruction usage of

electronic

gadgets

such

as

research,

encoding,

calculation, graphing and other activities related academic use. Recreation. In this study refers to activities engaged in gadgets to amuse oneself. It includes gaming, listening to music, social media, watching movies and the like.

Republic of the Philippines CENTRAL PHILIPPINES STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter contained literature and studies related to

the

usage

of

electronic

gadgets

in

relation

to

the

students’ academic performance.

Local Studies

The May

B.

Cordillera Eclar,

Administrative

Ph.D.,

CESO

V...