SCH4U Exam Review Jan 2019 PDF

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SCH$4U$

Exam$Review$Jan.$2019$

Vocabulary: You should know these terms: Energy Specific Heat Capacity Δ$(what does this mean?) Hess’ Law Energy Enthalpy System Surroundings Standard Heat of Formation Heat of Combustion Activation Energy Activated Complex Potential energy diagram SATP STP Rate Law Reaction Mechanism intermediate Rate of change Average rate Instantaneous rate Forward reaction Reverse reaction catalyst Keq

Ksp Ka and Kb Solubility Concentration Saturated/Unstaturated Acid/Base Bronsted-Lowry Acid/Base Conjugate Acid/Base pH/pOH ground state excited state energy level energy sublevel orbital spin quantum number ionic/covalent polar/non-polar network solid LDF Bond Intramolecular Intermolecular Oxidation number Oxidation Reduction

Redox Half-reaction Galvanic cell Electrochemical cell Anode Cathode Salt bridge Isomer Aliphatic Aromatic Benzene Functional groups Cis Trans IUPAC Structural diagram Condensed diagram Line diagram 1o alcohol 2o alcohol 3o alcohol OrthoParaMeta-

Unit 1: Thermochemistry and Rates of Reaction (Ch. 5-6) You should be able to: • • • • • • • •

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Be able to use q = mcΔT to solve problems Be able to use Hess’ Law to find the ΔH of a chemical equation, either with provided chemical equations or with ΔHf Know the differences between q, ΔH, ΔHo, ΔHfo Exothermic vs. endothermic Identifying standard heats of formation Use the rate law to identify the effect that the change in concentration has on the rate. Eg if k = [A]2 then if A is doubled, the rate is quadrupled Draw and interpret potential energy diagrams for a chemical reaction (such as finding/identifying activation energy for forward/reverse reactions, ΔH, activation complex, reactants, products) Be able to find an overall rate law if given: o Experimental data o A mechanism of reaction o A simple reaction (one-step) Instantaneous rate vs average rate; be able to interpret and identify average rate from data or graphs; understand change in rate (how to identify rates of change)

SCH$4U$

Exam$Review$Jan.$2019$

Unit 2: Equilibrium (Ch. 7-8) You should be able to: • • • • • • • • • •

Know the difference and relationship between k (from rates) and Keq Know the relationship between forward and reverse reactions to create Keq Know and apply Le Chatelier’s Principle to a system in equilibrium Be able to use an ICE table to solve equilibrium problems Know how to calculate and use Qsp vs Ksp to figure out if a precipitate will form Be able to use Ksp to find solubility or concentration in a saturated solution; be able to calculate Ksp from solubility Be able to find Ka or Kb given the concentrations of acid or base, pH, concentrations of conjugate acid/base pairs, percent ionization, etc.; be able to use Ka or Kb to find percent ionization Be able to calculate pH, pOH, pKa, pKb and use these values appropriately Figuring out relative pH of a salt based on the acid and base that creates it Determining the pH at the equivalence point of a titration

Unit 3: Atomic Structure (Ch. 3-4) • • • • •

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Know what n, l, ml, ms are and how to find them for a particular electron Know how to complete an orbital diagram for an element, or identify an element based on its orbital diagram Be able to understand and create long hand electron configuration and short hand electron configuration for an element or ion Be able to identify hybridization based on molecule shape; be able to identify the shape of a molecule based on Lewis diagram and bond/lone pair combinations (eg. AB3E1) Know and apply: o Pauli’s Exclusion Principle o Hund’s Rule o Aufbau Principle Know the basic physical properties of ionic compounds, polar/non-polar molecules, metals, network solids Know the intermolecular forces (LDF, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic) and intramolecular forces (ionic, covalent, polar covalent, metallic) and their relative strengths

Unit 4: Electrochemistry (Ch. 9-10) • •

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Be able to find the oxidation number of any atom in a molecule/compound In a given, equation, be able to identify which species: o Is being oxidized o Is being reduced o Is the oxidizing agent o Is the reducing agent Balance redox reactions, using half-reaction or oxidation number in neutral/acidic/basic conditions Be able to use a chart/voltages to identify the best reducing/oxidizing agent

SCH$4U$ • •

Exam$Review$Jan.$2019$ Be able to find the cell potential of a galvanic cell and write the shorthand configuration for a galvanic cell Differentiate between galvanic and electrochemical cells

Unit 5: Organic Chemistry (Ch. 1-2) •

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Know the identifying traits and relative physical properties (eg. melting/boiling pts) of the various organic chemistry families: alkanes/alkenes/alkynes/aromatics, alcohols, aldehyde/ketone, carbonyl/carboxyls, amine/amides, ethers/esters$ Be able to give the IUPAC name if given a structural diagram, line diagram, or condensed diagram$ Be able to create a structural diagram, line diagram, or condensed diagram if given a name$ Monomers vs polymers$ Be able to identify isomers of compounds Know and apply Markovnikov’s rule Know the various organic reactions, such as: o Elimination o Condensation o Hydrolysis o Esterification o Addition o substitution

$ What is NOT on the exam • • • • • • • $

Entropy Gibbs Free Energy Arrhenius Equation Lewis Acids and Bases Hybrid orbitals, sigma and pi bonds Calculations for electrolytic cells Faraday’s Law...