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Short Story Definitions and Literary Terms What is a short Story?

a short narrative written to entertain and sometimes bring a message (theme) to the reader.

All stories are based on…

All stories are based on a struggle (conflict) the author tries to resolve (climax).

By its nature, short stories are

concise and focus on a few elements (character, conflict, description, setting, plot).

A short story contains only one major …

character, plot, setting, and theme.

A short story usually focuses on a single …

There are four kinds of short story, identified by emphasis on one of the following:

The main purpose of the introduction is …

conflict, character or emotional effect.

1) Action 2) Character 3) Atmosphere/Mood 4) Theme To make the reader continue reading through the use of suspense, violence, excitement, action, or by something unusual.

The introduction often answers the questions:

Setting

There are several aspects of a story’s setting to consider when examining how setting contributes to a story

What is plot?

There are five essential parts of plot

There are two meanings for the word Character:

   

Where is this place? What has happened up to now? Who are these people? When does the story take place?  What will happen next?

The time and location in which a story takes place.

a) Place b) Time c) Weather conditions d) Social conditions e) Mood or Atmosphere

The sequence of events in a story or play. 1) Introduction 2) Rising Action 3) Climax 4) Falling Action 5) Resolution 1) 2)

The person in a work of fiction. The characteristics of a person.

Characterization

The author develops characters through

How the author develops the characters.

– – – – –

Protagonist

characters physical appearance what character does/does not do what character says, thinks, feels, dreams what others say about the character & how they react to him author’s word choice in descriptive passages

- Character who is clearly central to the story with all major events having some importance to him/her. - changes and grows because of experiences in the story

Antagonist Types of antagonists

Conflict

The opposition to the main character people nature society

A struggle between two opposing forces

Types of Conflict

Theme

Point of View

Internal: in a character’s mind  Man vs. Him(Her)self External: character struggles against an outside force  Man vs. Man  Man vs. Nature  Man vs. Technology/Progress  Man vs. Society (social)  Man vs. Supernatural Central message or insight about life revealed through a literary work. “main idea” of the story

The vantage point or angle from which the writer tells the story.

First Person Point of View

Story told by the protagonist. Use of the pronouns “I”, “me”, “we”

Third Person Point of View

The narrator is someone outside the story, who refers to all the characters by name, or as “he,” “she,” “they.”

Omniscient Point of View

All knowing narrator. The author can center on the thoughts and actions of

any and all characters.

Flashback

Foreshadowing

Symbol

Simile

Metaphor

The present scene in the story is interrupted to flash backward and tell what happened in an earlier time.

Refers to clues that hint at what is going to happen later in the plot.

An object, person, or event that functions as itself, but also stands for something more than itself.

Comparing two unlike things using like or as.

Comparing two unlike things (not using like or as)

Personification

Giving human qualities to non-human things.

Irony

A literary device that creates a contrast or discrepancy between expectation and reality; between what is said and what is meant.

______________________________ ______________________________ _ Verbal Irony Saying one thing but meaning something completely different. Calling a clumsy basketball player ______________________________ “Michael Jordan” Situational Irony A contradiction between what expect to happen & what really happens. ______________________________ Dramatic Irony

______________________________ _ Reader knows something important the characters do not know.

Allusion

Reference to a statement, person, a place, or events from: Literature, History, Religion, Mythology, Politics, Sports.

Suspense

A feeling of tension, anxiety, or excitement resulting from uncertainty.

Atmosphere (Mood)

The prevailing feeling in a literary work created by word choice,

descriptive details and evocative imagery.

Imagery

Creating a picture in the readers mind through description

Poetic Justice

A literary device in which virtue is ultimately rewarded or vice punished

Stereotype

A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

Explicit

Stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt.

ImplicitF

Implied though not plainly expressed....