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Fun fact: IQ can go negative because it follows a Gaussian distribution. The probability of a random person having a negative IQ is 1.308 x 10-11, assuming you use an IQ model that uses 100 as the mean and 15 as the standard deviation (many IQ tests use different scales). In a group of about 77 bill...

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What is an action in rem? “In rem” literally means “against a thing” in Latin. In rem suits are typically related to conflict of rights to specific pieces of properties for multiple rights holders, including those who hold only mere potential in ownership and are not explicitly included in the suit1. To illustrate this, a certain plaintiff may file an in rem action against another party to conclusively find out the real ownership over a parcel of land. Generally, the proceeding is to be commenced under the jurisdiction of which the property in question is located at. This would then in turn satisfy most questions pertaining to the applicable forum state and any concerns in binding claimants who are out-of-state to the court’s judgment. When it comes to international trading or shipping matters, the purpose of filing an action in rem against a vessel is usually to obtain a form of security to satisfy a judgment which a party of action or counterclaim may have been granted 2. These arrests of vessels are carried out by the Malaysian High Court exercising their admiralty jurisdiction provided under Section 24(b) of the Courts of Judicature Act 19643, which states that the civil jurisdiction of the High Court includes the same admiralty jurisdiction and authority as the High Court of Justice in England under the United Kingdom Supreme Court Act 19814. This said jurisdiction extends to cover hearings and decisions made of any issues or claims brought forward through Section 20(1) and Section 20(2) of the United Kingdom Supreme Court Act 1981, specifically being claims to full or partial ownership rights of a ship; possession issues between co-owners; employment or earnings of a ship; or questions of mortgage of or a charge on a ship. In reality, the High Court of Kuala Lumpur has already been specifically named as the main Admiralty Court in Malaysia. A court from the Commercial Division of the Kuala Lumpur Court hears all Admiralty cases regardless of which High Court it is filed at, as it will all be transferred there under the Practice Direction No.1 of 2012 in regards of Admiralty and Maritime Claims 5. To invoke an action in rem through admiralty jurisdiction, satisfying any element in Section 20(1) and Section 20(2) of the United Kingdom Supreme Court Act 1981 would not suffice as the requirements under Section 21(2) to Section 21(4) have to met as well, which specifies the procedures of bringing an action in rem to the court.

1 'In Rem' (Thomson Reuters Practical Law) accessed 28 May 2021. 2 'An Introduction To Admiralty Law In Malaysia' (Azman Davidson & Co) accessed 28 May 2021. 3 Courts of Judicature Act 1964. 4 The United Kingdom Supreme Court Act 1981. 5 Practice Direction No 1 of 2012 on Admiralty and Maritime Claims....