Social Deviance Chapter 2 Powerpoint PDF

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Powerpoint notes of chapter 2 for Social Deviance...

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Social Deviance Chapter 2: Deviant Events and Social Control Chapter Goals    

Be able to explain the “context” of deviant behavior Understand deviant events, roles, and places Understand different kinds of sanctions for deviance Know what institutions of social control are

Deviant Events 

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Deviant events: - Refers to behavior but also the context in which behavior occur - Context involves: deviant, victim, circumstances, history Deviant roles: - Everyone performs a number of social roles in everyday life - Some people play roles as deviants Deviant places: - A physical location typically connected to deviant acts - A deviant act may begin with an interpretation of a situation as an opportunity to commit the act - Neighborhoods often become places where deviance is likely to occur as they decay into disorder

Deviant Acts and Victims 

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Deviant Acts and Victims - Deviant act depends not only on the past experiences but also on responses of others in immediate situations - The reactions of the social audience help to organize and shape the deviant act Deviant acts and victims - Deviant events gain significance because they draw attention to conditions that define deviance rather than the deviants who commit the acts - But that context also includes efforts designed to reduce deviance, a process that sociologists refer to as social control

Social Control 

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Social control may be narrowed down to overt behavior by a human in the belief that: - The behavior increases or decreases the probability of some subsequent condition and increase or decrease is desirable - Internalization of group norms: norms are learned Process of social control - Sanctioning processes a. Sanctions are social reactions to behavior

b. c. d. e.

Negative sanctions are punishments Positive sanctions are rewards Informal sanctions are unofficial actions Formal sanctions are criminal punishments

Institutions of Social Control 

Specifically considering formal controls - Formal sanctions are administered by people who occupy positions or roles within institutions - These are agents of social control - Agents of social control to determine punishments - Institutions of social control can also reward those who comply with norms or exceeds the expectations of the group - Rewards may be given through bonuses, raises, awards, and honored positions - However, political state agents do not distribute positive sanctions, or rewards, as a way to maintain social control Institution Religion

Agent Minister, Priest

Deviance sin

Business

Employer

Labor union

Shop Steward

Professional Group

Officer

Absence, laziness, violation of work rules Failure to obey union rules Ethical Violations

Political State

Police, prosecutor, judge

Club or Social Organization Family

Officers Parents

Violations of administrative, civil, or criminal law Violations of club rules Youthful disobedience

Law as an example of social control 

Law represents: - A formal system of social control and conditions of society - Two major views of the origins of law

Sanction Penance, withholding rites, excommunication Dismissal, suspension, fine Expulsion from union, fine License revocation, expulsion from group Fine, probation, imprisonment, civil suit Fines, suspension of privileges, expulsion Spanking, “grounding”, withholding privileges

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a. Consensus: law emerges to embody and reflect the strong, majority sentiment of the population b. Conflict: law reflects successful actions by certain groups with enough power to legislate according to their own interests The complex relationship between law and social issues - What kinds of problems can the law fix? - What kinds of problems does the law create? a. Laws against prostitution b. Laws against drugs

Irony of Social Control 

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Some individuals participate in deviant behaviors while occupying conventional roles - This may be identified as primary deviance (Lemert, 1951) - These individuals do not see themselves as deviants - A mechanic who is installing a new timing belt in your car may unethically persuade you to replace the battery (which is not needed) Secondary deviance: - The same mechanic who unethically persuades you to replace the battery may start stealing the parts from the cars in the garage Secondary deviants acquire deviant roles that increase their participation in deviant subcultures, rationalizations for deviance, and the ability to avoiding detection...