Social Deviance Exam 1 Study Guide PDF

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Summary

Study guide for chapters 1 through 4...

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Exam 1 Chapters 1 through Chapter 4

Chapter 1 1.

Sociological Imagination

2.

social constructionist

3.

Scientific Method A. the belief that our ideas about reality are constructed through societal and interpersonal communication. B. a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses C. ability to see the connection between the larger world and our personal lives

1.

(sociology) the conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group 1.

Mores

2.

social constructionist

3.

Folkways

4.

Sociological Imagination norms that are not strictly enforced

1.

Sociological Imagination

2.

Normative deviance

3.

Mores

4.

Folkways

2.

2 True/False questions 1.

a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society → Law

True 2.

False

a belief that can guide behavior → Folkways True

False

Chapter 2 1.

Individuals are born selfish and self-centered Socialization/ effective child rearing ➜ self-control Weak self-control ➜ deviance Explains the nature of crime Similarities between short term gratification of crime and analogous behaviors. Involvement in crime over life course

2.

Swift Certain Severe

3.

4.

Contribution to the idea that society causes delinquent behavior Valid premise that is supported by research

Influence of shaming as an informal social control

5 Matching questions 1. Cohen's status frustration 2. Sutherland - differential association

3. Deterrence doctrine 4. Burgess and Akers - differential reinforcement 5. Glaser - differential identification A. Criminal behavior is learned Culturally transmitted A person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to the violation of law over definitions unfavorable to the violation of law B. Lower class boys encounter status frustration in school (School= middle class) Stasis frustration ➜ deviant subculture Goal means gap ➜ status frustration ➜ deviance Fundamentally the same as Anomie theory C. Influence of rewards and punishments Rewards for deviance ➜ continued deviance Punishments fir deviance ➜ end if didn't behavior Emphasizes different types of social Learning - classical conditioning - operant c conditioning - imitation/modeling D. Humans are rational and calculate the costs and benefits of deviant behavior Costs = formal social control (punishment) Benefits = criminal gains E. Differential association = "mechanistic image" of deviance Ignites rule if choice Individuals must identify with deviants

5 Multiple choice questions 1.

People are both objects and agents of control Lack of control balances ➜ deviant behavior 1.

Tittle - control balance theory

2.

2.

Problems with Anomie Strain Theory

3.

Hirschi - social bonding theory

4.

Social Learning Theory

Attachment Commitment Involvement Belief 1.

4 Elements of social bond

2.

2 types of deterrence

3.

Braithwaite - reintegrative shaming

4.

2 types of shaming

3.

Merton - Anomie theory Cohen - status frustration Cloward & Ohlin - differential illegitimate opportunity Agnew - general Strain Theory

4.

1.

Control Theory

2.

Anomie Strain Theory

3.

Merton's Anomie theory

4.

Social Learning Theory

Illegitimate opportunity ➜ 3 deviant subcultures Criminal - conflict - retreatist 1.

Cloward & Ohlin - differential illegitimate opportunity

5.

1.

2.

3.

2.

Burgess and Akers - differential reinforcement

3.

Braithwaite - reintegrative shaming

4.

Glaser - differential identification

Disintegrative Reintegrative 1.

Deterrence doctrine

2.

2 types of deterrence

3.

4 Elements of social bond

4.

2 types of shaming

5 True/False questions Deviance = an innate and Natural ability Strength of bonds to society influences their involvement in deviant behavior Strong bonds ➜ conformity Weak bonds ➜ deviance → Control Theory True False Likelihood of deviant behavior Uniform definition of success → Problems with Anomie Strain Theory True False Strain ➜ frustration fear anger ➜ deviance 2 additional sources of strain: Removal of positively valued stimuli Introduction of negative stimuli → Gottfredson & Hirschi - general theory of crime

True False 4. An expression of social disapproval designed to invoke remorse in the wrongdoer → Agnew - general Strain Theory 5.

True False Deviance = caused by the absence of social control Nature of social control: social bonds - Self-control - control balance → Hirschi - social bonding theory True

False

Chapter 3 1.

Point out sufficient issues regarding Positivism Focus on context of deviant behavior

2.

3 reasons the powerful are more likely to commit profitable deviance Stronger deviant motivation Greater deviant opportunity Subjected to weaker social control

3.

Labeler - increases social order Labeled - more likely to see themselves as deviants

4.

Legal reality theory Social reality theory Marxist theory Feminist theory Power theory Postmodernist theory

4 Matching questions 1. Conflict - Postmodernist theory 2. Who does the labeling in Labeling Theory? 3. Conflict Theory

4. Conflict - social reality theory Quinney's A. Basuc values - intuition, feeling, subjectivity Deconstructionism - challenges the conventional view of things by ripping it apart Linguistic domination - language of the strong > of the weak B. Lawmaking by the dominant Class Popular ideology of crime Law enforcement by CJS fire dominant class Criminal acts by subordinate class C. Social control agents D. Society = heterogeneous Social conflict vs cultural conflict Different interests/needs of interest groups ➜ SOCIAL conflict Differing norms and values ➜ CULTURAL conflict Societal conflict & criminality = normal

4 Multiple choice questions 1.

2 kinds of law: codified law and law in action Law doesn't apply equally to everyone Cause = history of legal system 1.

Conflict - Marxist theory

2.

Conflict - Power theory

3.

Benefits of phenomenological Theory Conflict - legal reality theory

4. Chambliss 2.

Women fundamentally different than men Socialized differently Have different goals (emotional fulfillment > material success) Reality of gender inequality - fewer criminal opportunities than men

Conflict - Postmodernist theory

1.

Conflict - social reality theory

2. Quinney's

3.

3.

Conflict - Feminist theory

4.

Conflict Theory

Cause of deviance is capitalism Relocation and outsourcing of legitimate employment opportunities to other countries Marginal surplus pop. - Unable to maintain decent living conditions through legal means Not just property crimes! Unemployment ➜ lower self esteem

4.

1.

Benefits of phenomenological Theory

2.

Conflict - Marxist theory

3.

Conflict - Power theory

4.

Critical criminal theory

Primary Secondary 1.

Benefits of phenomenological Theory

2.

2 stages of labeling Theory

3.

Labeling Theory

4.

Phenomenological Theory

3 True/False questions 1. Research Methods that seems to understand the meanings that people ascribe to their experiences → Effects of labeling

2.

True False Focus = subjectivity of deviance Influence of individual perceptions, attitudes, feelings, and opinions → 2 stages of labeling Theory

True False 3. More powerful are more likely to label less powerful Labeled persons more likely to see themselves as deviant Symbolic interactionism Deviance = collective action Interaction is governed by meanings that are assigned to actions and reactions → Phenomenological Theory True

False

Chapter 4 1.

usually committed by an ordinary person

2.

more likely to kill as an expression of dominance- inside or outside the home

3.

deviance arises from social factors

4.

5.

involves an atrocious attack with the intent to kill or the use of a deadly weapon where the victim survives rather than dies

Contention over self-definition may lead to violence.

5 Matching questions 1. Defensive hate killers

2. victim precipitated homicide 3. developing countries 4. subculture of violence 5. Mission hate killers A. B. C. D. E.

homicide rates are higher among ___________ seek to kill all members of a hated group A culture may not define violence as wrong feel they must defend their birth right homicide following a dare from the victim

5 Multiple choice questions 1.

explains why some commit suicide versus homicide 1.

subculture of violence

2.

psychoanalytic theory

3.

Ethological Theory

4.

external restraint theory

2.

Does not deter homicide 1.

character contests

2.

death penalty

3.

serial murder

4.

developing countries

3.

deviance comes from within 1.

Ethological Theory

2.

psychoanalytic theory

3.

developing countries

4.

external restraint theory

4.

5.

1.

most victims know their killers - emotion is involved 1.

character contests

2.

Mission hate killers

3.

More likely to murder

4.

warm blooded murder

the pursuing of someone that may cause the victim to fear being assaulted or killed, spying on or following the victim, showing up where victim is, killing her pets 1.

women

2.

serial murder

3.

Stalking

4.

Assault

5 True/False questions killing several people at one time → serial murder

2.

True False offenders first kill another person and then kill themselves → Thrill hate killers

3.

True False usually kill in self-defense in an abusive relationship- most likely to kill inside their own home → women

4.

True False people in poverty, African Americans, men, young (male and female) → character contests

5.

True False marginalized and alienated youngsters who fell powerful from attacks → Homicidesuicide True

False...