Social Psychology Chapter 8 Study Guide PDF

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Social Psychology Self Study Chapter 8 Study online at quizlet.com/_69nhpw 1.

actors

co-participants working individually on a noncompetitive activity are called co-____________.

2.

A team playing tug of war

Which of the following is an example of social loafing in everyday life?

Cameras, name tags, mirrors

Which of the following are examples of circumstances that increase self-awareness, thus decreasing the likelihood of deindividuation?

3.

15.

Evaluation apprehension, mere presence, distractions

Which of the following are factors in our increased arousal by the presence of others?

16.

Eyewitness accuracy through groups of interacting eyewitnesses.

Which of the following is an example of a group that successfully avoided groupthink?

17.

facilitation

Social ________ refers to the idea that performance increases on mastered tasks and decreases in unmastered tasks.

18.

free rider

Anip is a very social and intelligent member of the department, yet you notice that during department meetings he has little to say and no suggestions for improving overall department performance. A social psychologist may describe Anip as a ____________.

19.

free riders

Those that give little but benefit from the group are called _________ __________.

20.

Groups

________ include two or more people who, for longer than a few moments, interact with and influence one another.

21.

groupthink

________occurs when a group does not consider alternative solutions, and people choose not to voice disagreements because they want to maintain group harmony.

clapping, dancing, chanting

Which of the following arouse individuals in a group and reduce self-consciousness, often leading to deindividuation?

5.

consistency, deflections from the majority, selfconfidence

Minority opinions are most likely to influence the majority with ________________.

6.

creative thinking is extended and improved.

Research shows that when a group is brainstorming, if debate and criticism occurs within the group, then _____________________.

cyclists' times were faster when they raced together compared with when racing alone.

Norman Triplett (1898) noticed that

deindividualization

________ is the loss of self-awareness in groups.

22.

Groupthink symptoms include _________.

_________occurs when we wonder hoe co-actors are doing oe how an audience is reacting, creating cognitive overload and increasing arousal.

illusion of invulnerability, rationalization, conformity pressure

23.

illusion of invulnerability, unquestioned belief in the group's morality.

Which of the following often lead groups to overestimate their "might and right", sometimes leading to groupthink.

24.

influence one another, perceive one another as "us"' generally meet for longer than a few minutes.

Groups ________________.

25.

informational

_______ influence occurs when an individual turns to group members to obtain accurate information and is persuaded by the arguments themselves.

4.

7.

8.

9.

distraction

10.

distractions, evaluation apprehension, mere presence

Which of the following are factors in our increased arousal by the presence of others?

11.

encourage critical evaluations, be impartial

Which of the following are suggestions for preventing groupthink?

12.

enhances, dominant

Crowding ______arousal, which facilitates _______responses.

13.

evaluation apprehension

Concern for others judging us, which might then cause physical arousal to increase, is called _________.

14.

evaluation apprehension

Concern for how others are judging us, which might ten cause our physical arousal to increase, is called _____________ ________________.

26.

less

Studies in Asia (Karau and Williams, 1993) showed that collectivist cultures exhibit _______social loafing than do people in individualist culture.

27.

minority, majority

When a ______group demonstrates self confidence, the _____group begins to self doubt.

28.

more likely

Minorities that are consistent in their positions are _______to influence the majority.

29.

more risky decisions

When people are in groups, they make decisions about risk differently from when they are alone, that is they make _______________.

normative

Of the group polarization theories, the theory that deals with a group decision in order to fir in is called ____________influence.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

normative influence

pluralistic ignorance

pluralistic ignorance

polarization

Of the surviving theories that describe why group polarization happens, the one that deals with people conforming to the group in order to be accepted is called _____________. Heather and Jamie have always liked each other, but they were afraid to ask each other out on a date, believing that the other person would not be interested. This is an example of what concept? Jack is confused about a class lecture, but when the teacher asks whether anyone has any questions, no one raises their hand. Jack assumes that he's the only person who is confused, thinking that he can tell what the other students are thinking or feeling. Jack's assumption in this case is an example of _________. When making decisions in a group, group ________ describes group members tendency to move their opinions towards a more extreme point.

35.

reference groups

We are most persuaded by our _____, groups we identify with.

36.

selfconfidence

Consistency. ____________, and defection allow a minority opinion to influence the majority opinion in a group.

37.

social comparison

Leon Festinger (1954) argued in his influential theory of ______________that we humans evaluate our opinions and abilities by comparing them to others' views and abilities.

38.

social facilitation

Michael and his collaborators (1982) found that good pool players do better when observers watch them play, while poor pool players do worse in front of an audience. This is an everyday life example of ___________.

39.

social facilitation

A star basketball player performs better when more people are watching her play. This is an example of ___________.

40.

social facilitation.

At a concert, Laura, a first-year musician, makes multiple mistakes during the first performance, but Mary, a fifth-year musician, plays her part of the song perfectly. Mary's performance being improved is an example of ____________________.

41.

social loafing

___________ __________ is the inclination of individual group members to reduce their work efforts as group size increases.

42.

social loafing

________ is the tendency for people to put forth less effort when they pool their efforts to a common goal than when they are individually responsible.

43.

stereotyped view of opponent

This symptom of groupthink occurs when group members see outside of the group as evil, weak or unintelligent.

44.

stereotyped view of opponent, selfcensorship, illusion of unanimity

Groupthink symptoms include which of the following?

45.

task

_______leadership is most likely used in the blue-collar factory work because increased and dependable output is priority and safety procedures are crucial.

46.

the need to affiliate, the need to gain social security, the need to achieve

Which of the following human needs do groups often help individuals meet?

47.

transformational

_________leadership occurs when group members think about the good of the group collective ,ore on their own, personal needs.

48.

what other people are thinking or feeling

Pluralistic ignorance defined as a false impression of ___________________....