Socialization to proffesional nurisng rles PDF

Preview

Summary

Socialization to proffesional nurisng rles...

Description

3

Discuss professionalism and nursing.

Learning Objective 2.1Discuss professionalism and nursing.

4

Common Mistakes (cont’d)

writing an unattainable, unrealistic objectivewriting objectives unrelated to stated goalcluttering an objective with unnecessary informationmaking an objective too general so that the outcome is not clear

5

Nursing as a Profession

A profession is distinguished from other kinds of occupations byRequirement of specialized trainingOrientation toward service, either to a community or an organizationThe standards are determined by its members

6

Nursing as a Profession

The education involves a complete socialization processDebates about whether nursing is a profession

7

Challenges for the Nursing Profession

Level of entry into practiceMultiple levelsAssociate degreeDiplomaBaccalaureate degreeGaps between education and practiceProfessional identity: job versus career

8

Nursing as a Discipline and Profession

History and trends in the education of nursingEarliest type of education was in hospitalsEmergence of baccalaureate and associate degree programsShift from diploma (hospital-based) programs to associate and baccalaureate

9

Nursing as a Discipline and Profession

ANA 1965 position paperProposing master’s degree as minimum education for entry level nurseDefinition of profession, six conceptualizationsA discipline is a branch of

knowledgeDisciplines are dividedAcademic –research and education

10

Professional–Component of Clinical Practice

Standards of clinical nursing practiceReflect values and prioritiesProvide direction for professional nursing practiceProvide a framework for evaluation

11

Define the Professions Accountability

ANA established standards of clinical nursing practiceSix standards of practice known as nursing processNine standards of professional performance

12

Describe socialization to professional nursing.

Learning Objective 2.2Describe socialization to professional nursing.

13

Professional Socialization

Socialization is a learned processProfessional socialization is to internalize a professional identitySocial control is intrinsicCapacity of a social group to regulate itself through conformity and adherence to group normsSanctions are used to enforce normsNorms become internalized standards

14

Professional Socialization

Agents of socialization are the people who initiate the socialization processChildren – family, teachers, peers, mediaAdults – superiors, subordinates in the workplace, peers, people of other social groupsNursing students – clients, faculty, health professionals, and professional colleaguesNursing – preceptors, mentors, staff development on the job

15

Compare socialization models.

Learning Objective 2.3Compare socialization models.

16

Process of Professional Socialization

Models that describe the process of socializationSimpsonHinshawDavis

17

Process of Professional Socialization

Simpson ModelThree phasesProficiencyAttachmentInternalization

18

Process of Professional Socialization

Hinshaw ModelThree phasesTransitionAttachmentInternalizationValue and standards

19

Process of Professional Socialization

Davis ModelSix stagesInitial innocenceLabeled recognition of incongruity“Psyching out”Role simulationProvisional internalizationStable internalization

20

Process of Professional Socialization

Ongoing professional socialization and resocializationProcess does not terminate with graduation or start of a new job

21

Process of Professional Socialization

Three models of career stages or developmentKramer’s Postgraduate Resocialization ModelReality shockDalton’s Career Stages ModelDevelopment of competencies derived from experienceBenner’s Stages from Novice to ExpertImplications of teaching and learning

22

Analyze elements of and boundaries for nursing roles.

Learning Objective 2.4Analyze elements of and boundaries for nursing roles.

23

Role Theory Role theory emerged from sociology

A role is a set of expectations associated with a position in society

24

Role Theory Elements of roles Ideal Perceived Performed

The socially prescribed or agreed-upon rights and responsibilities associated with the rolePerceivedHow a person believes he or she should behave in this rolePerformedWhat the person actually does

25

Role Theory Role performance factors include Health status

Personal and professional valuesNeeds of clients and support personPolitics of employing agency

26

Role TheoryRole transition is the process by which a person assumes or develops a new roleTwo components associated with role behaviorsNormsValues

27

Role Theory Role transition is influenced by many factors Individual InterpersonalOrganizational

28

Boundaries for Nursing Roles

Five determinants form boundaries for nursing rolesTheoretical and conceptual frameworksThe nursing processStandards of nursing practiceNursing practice actsNational and international codes of ethics

29

Learning Objective 2.5Discuss ways to manage role stress and strain while enhancing professional identity.

30

Role Stress and Role Strain

Factors associated with role stress for nursesLittle control in the jobHigh demandsFew supportive relationships

31

Role Stress and Role Strain

Role stress may create role strainCommon role stress problemsRole ambiguityRole conflictRole incongruityRole overload or underloadRole over-qualification or underqualification

32

Role Stress and Role Strain

Four major causes for role conflict for nursesProfessional bureaucratic work conflictDifferent views concerning what nursing is and should beDiscrepancy between the nursing and medical view of what the nurse’s role should be

33

Role Stress and Role Strain

Strategies for relieving role stressPriority setting and time managementRewriting job descriptions for clarityIntegrating multiple roles into a larger whole

34

Characteristics of a Positive Self-Concept

Characteristics of a person with a positive self-conceptFuture orientationCopes with life’s problems and disappointmentsHelps others and accepts helpCan see and value uniqueness in all individualsFeels emotion but does not allow feelings to affect behavior

35

Characteristics of a Positive Self-Concept

To develop a positive self-conceptAccept your present self but have a better self in mindSet attainable goalsDevelop expertise

36

Preventing Burnout Personal goal setting Problem identification

Long- and short-term goalsProblem identificationWhat is causing the stressProblemsolving strategiesSee Table 2–3Time management skillsDelegation

38

Overcoming Procrastination Caring for one’s self

39

Historical Foundations of Professional Nursing

3Historical Foundations of Professional Nursing

40

Learning Objective 3.1Discuss the historical development of nursing from ancient times to the present.

41 42

History of NursingPrimitive societiesTraditional female roles

History of Nursing Ancient civilizations Midwives, wet nurses

Belief about disease imbedded in superstition and magicEarliest recording of healing practice is a 4,000 year old tabletEarliest documentation of law governing medicine is

Code of Hammurabi dating to 1900 B.C.

43

History of Nursing Egyptian culture Hebrew culture Christian culture

Ebers papyrus oldest medical text, approximately from 1550 B.C.Mummification or embalmingHebrew cultureMosiac Health CodeChristian cultureThe Bible mentions nurses in Old TestamentAncient civilizations

44

History of Nursing African culture Indian culture China

Midwife, herbalist, wet nurses, caregiversIndian cultureMale nursesChinaAcupunctureHerbal remedies

45

History of Nursing Greece Rome Mythology

Hippocrates, father of medicineRomePublic sanitation

46

Discuss the role of religion in the development of nursing.

Learning Objective 3.2Discuss the role of religion in the development of nursing.

47

History of Nursing Role of religion Benevolence as a Christian value

Parabolani BrotherhoodKnighthoodsKnights Hospitallers of St. John of JerusalamTeutonic KnightsKnights of LazarusSpecialized institutions supported by the church

48

History of Nursing Other groups Military and secular orders Islamic womenSisters of CharityDeaconess groups

49

Discuss the influence of war on the development of nursing.

Learning Objective 3.3Discuss the influence of war on the development of nursing.

50

Development of Modern Nursing

Deaconess Institute at Kaiserwerth, GermanyRecognized the need for services of women in caring for the sick, poor, children, and female prisonersDeveloped a training school for

nurses at KaiserwerthDeaconess movement spread to 4 continents

51

Development of Modern Nursing

Florence NightingaleKaiserwerth pupilRecruited during the Crimean War to care for soldiersTransformed the environment by setting standardsUsed the honorarium to develop the Nightingale Training School for Nurses

52

Development of Nursing in America

Augustinian Sisters in Canada – first hospital in Canada, 1639Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph’s in Maryland – Mother Elizabeth SetonReligious orders developed nursing education and nursing servicesCatholic and Protestant churches developed hospitals across the country

53

Describe the contributions of selected nurses to nursing and society.

Learning Objective 3.4Describe the contributions of selected nurses to nursing and society.

54

Development of Nursing in America

Related to the need to care for sick and injured soldiersCivil WarDorothea DixLouisa May AlcottHarriet TubmanSojourner Truth

55

Development of Nursing in America

Related to the need to care for sick and injured soldiersWorld War IVassar Training Camp combined university and hospital training – Isabel StewartArmy School of Nursing – Annie GoodrichWorld War IIUnited States Cadet Nurse Corps

56

Nursing ImageThe following job description was given to floor nurses by a hospital in

1887:In addition to caring for your 50 patients, each nurse will follow these regulations:see 1887 Job Description

57

Development of Nursing in America

1903: North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Virginia enacted voluntary licensure

lawsRegulated the use of the title Registered Nurse (RN)1915: American Nurses Association draft of a model nurse practice act1923: All 48 states had nursing licensure laws or registration

58

Development of Nursing in America

1935: Mandatory licensure act passed in New York that went into effect in 19491971: Idaho became the first state to recognize advanced practice1992: Eddie Bernice Johnson was the first nurse to be elected to the United States House of Representatives

59

Learning Objective 3.5Analyze the contributions of selected nurses and the nursing profession to society from a historical perspective.

60

Historical Leaders in Nursing

The foundersRufidaJeanne ManceFlorence NightingaleMary SeacoleClara BartonLucy OsborneLinda (Melinda) Richards

61

Historical Leaders in Nursing

The foundersMary MahoneyCeclia MakiwaneLillian WaldMary BreckinridgeLoretta C. Ford

62

Historical Leaders in Nursing

The menJohn CiudadSt. Camillus de LellisJames DerhamWalt WhitmanLuther ChristmanRichard Henry Carmona

63

Historical Leaders in Nursing

The risk takersClara MaassEdith CavellSharon LaneBarbara Fassbinder

64

Historical Leaders in Nursing

The social reformersSojourner TruthDorothea Lynde DixHarriet TubmanLavinia DockMargaret SangerMary Elizabeth CarnegieMabel Staupers

65

Hallmark FeaturesA focus on foundational knowledge related to professional

nursingIncludes nursing history, nursing theory, ethics, and legal aspects, etc.An overview of professional nursing roles, issues, and changes in the professionDiscusses nurses as healthcare providers, learners and teachers, and leaders.

66

Compare and contrast the history of nursing and

Learning Objective 3.6Compare and contrast the history of nursing andthe history of caring.

67

Nursing: A History of Caring

“Modern” history is the idea of caringSymbiotic relationship between the history ofNursingCaringWomen & Feminist Movement

68

Learning Objective 3.7Discuss the development of professional nursing organizations and their role in advocating for nurses and healthcare.

69

Professional Nursing Organizations

Nursing organizations are divided into three typesThose that represent all nursesThose that meet the needs of nurses within specialtiesThose that represent special interests

70

Professional Nursing Organizations

American Nurses Association (ANA)National professional organization for all registered nurses in the United StatesHeadquarters – Washington, D.C.The name Nurses Associated Alumnae was changed to ANA in 1911Became a federation of state nurses’ associations in 1982

71

Professional Nursing Organizations

American Nurses Association (ANA)Mission: To foster high standards of nursing, promote the rights for nurse in the workplace, project positive view and lobby Congress on healthcare issuesOfficial publication: American Journal of Nursing and American Nurse

72

Professional Nursing Organizations

National Student Nurses’ Association (NSNA)Established in 1952Mission: To organize, represent, and mentor students preparing for initial licensure as registered nursesOfficial publication: Imprint

73

Professional Nursing Organizations

National League of Nursing (NLN)Mission: To promote excellence in nursing education to build a strong and diverse nursing workforceBegan in 1893 as the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses, later the National League for Nursing Education (NLNE)

74

Professional Nursing Organizations

National League of Nursing (NLN)In 1952, the NLNE and the Association for Collegiate Schools of Nursing and the National Organization for Public Health Nursing combined to form the NLNOfficial publication: Nursing Education Perspectives

75

Professional Nursing Organizations

American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)National voice for baccalaureate and higher-degree nursing education programsOfficial publication: Journal of Professional Nursing

76

Professional Nursing Organizations

International Council of Nurses (ICN)Founded in 1899 as the world’s first and widest international organization for health professionalsMission: To represent nursing worldwide, advancing the profession and influencing health policy

77

Professional Nursing Organizations

International Council of Nurses (ICN)Five core values of ICNVisionary leadershipInclusivenessFlexibilityPartnershipAchievementOfficial publication: International Nursing Review

78

Professional Nursing Organizations

Sigma Theta Tau InternationalFounded in 1922 as an international honor society for

nursingMember of the Association of College Honor Societies

79

Professional Nursing Organizations

Sigma Theta Tau InternationalMission: To support learning, knowledge, and professional development of nurses committed to make a difference in health worldwideOfficial publication: Journal of Nursing Scholarship

80

Professional Nursing Organizations

Specialty Nursing OrganizationsRepresent special interests of nurses from a practice perspectiveProvide educational opportunities for membersSpecial-Interest OrganizationsAddress special needs of nurses from minority groups

81

Chapter 1 The Professional Nurse

Leddy & Pepper’s Conceptual Basesof Professional Nursing

82

Introduction Nurse, nourish, nurture: all come from Latin root nutrire

Professional nursesAssume ultimate accountability for client outcomesSupervise, educate LPN/LVNs, UAPUse science as basis for professional practice, art when modifying care approaches

83

Introduction (cont’d)

Six essential features of professional nursing:Provide caring relationship that promotes health, healingAssess, attend to full range of human responses, experiencesIntegrate subjective, objective data

84

Introduction (cont’d)

Six essential features of professional nursing:Use professional judgment, critical thinkingUse scholarly inquiryStrive for social justice by influencing social, public policy

85

Characteristics of Professional Nursing Practice: The Hood

Professional Nurse Contributions ModelNurses: members of interdisciplinary teamCircular form of model designates how interprofessional health care team

surrounds health care consumersOuter circle emphasizes importance of all team members working cohesively for benefit of care recipients

86

Characteristics of Professional Nursing Practice: The Hood (cont’d)

Professional Nurse Contributions ModelOuter circle of modelAltruistic attitudeCaringCompassionCommitmentCompetenceConfidence

87

Characteristics of Professional Nursing Practice: The Hood (cont’d)

Professional Nurse Contributions ModelInnermost circle depictsClinical skillsCognitive skillsCommunication skills

88

The Multiple Roles of the Professional Nurse

CaregiversClient advocateTeacherChange agentCoordinatorCounselorColleagueLifelong learner

89

Challenges to the Returning Professional Nursing Student

Nurses who return to school assume role of student, resulting in many lifestyle changes:Chaos, personal sacrificesIncreased expenses for school needsDecreased time with familyLack of support from work environmentEntering unfamiliar learning situations

90

Skills for Educational Success

In ideal educational situations, students and faculty interact with each other as colleaguesTraditional education or Authoritarian exper...