Sociology notes 2 PDF

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Summary

Half of class lecture notes on deviance, racism, and crime...

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DEVIANCE The functions of deviance – SF analysis Durkheim 1) 2) 3) 4)

Deviance affirms cultural values and norms Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries Replying to deviance brings people together Deviance promotes social change

Labelling deviance: SI analysis -

Labelling theory: deviance and conformity come from how society responds to one’s actions Stigma: strong negative label that profoundly impacts one’s self concept and social identity

Primary Deviance -

Is violation(s) are minimal and do not have effect on self identity

Secondary deviance -

If perceptions of people label one as deviant a person might adopt the identity

Social conflict analysis -

Economy influences every aspect of one’s life Deviance and capitalism A ‘label’ is an ideological tool to keep power Those who get labelled are those who resist authority

Conflict theory and crime -

Prominent in capitalist societies Class interests determine what acts are defined as criminal Goal is to control

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Justice system has differential treatment due to social class, gender, race, and religion Those in power protect their values and interest via laws and deviance

CT

Conflict theory -

Social construction of the social reality of crime Examine specific behaviours as more dangerous than others

Crime -

Violation of criminal laws encompass act and criminal intent “from wilful conduct to negligence

Types of crime -

Violent crimes: crime against people Property crimes: crimes against property Victimless crimes: violations without “readily apparent victims”

Punishment -

Retribution: moral vengeance, society makes offender suffer as much as suffering that occurred from crime Deterrence: trying to discourage criminality via punishment Rehabilitation: program for reforming the offender to prevent further offences...