Sociology of Sports Final PDF

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Final study guide for final exam containing all relevant material from lecture/textbook...

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https://quizlet.com/349254738/soc-of-sports-final-flash-cards/ CHAPTER 6 ● 1950s - change in American consumerism, rise of TV, lots of babies ● Chris Wood - dropped from team bc didn’t sing National anthem ● Mickey Mantle and Johnny Unitas: represented Greatness during this time ● Rosenbergs: American spies in Soviet Union ● David Reesman: Journalist, sports is involved in everything ● Shirley: Columnist ● Jim Aiken: Don’t have to focus on rules, break rules to win ● Cohen: exploitation of young athletes ● George Preston Marshall: Racist leader in Redskins ● Jimmy Canon: journalist, boxing is intrustment of mass hate ● Patterson: Fought Ali → Spoke out against Ali ● Bille Mills: wouldn’t run bc of Vietnam ● Don: racist againt Rutgers ● John Erby: First Black coach at Berkely ● Murphy: Black student at Niagara ● Gene Johnson: Jumper ● Ernie Harell: Announcer, anti-communit ● Olden Polynese: basketball, protested ● Diana Torres: UCONN basketball ● Lee Evans: Wore black baret to make a stand ● Diane Crump: Kentucky Derby ● Wallis Terrey: Journalist Vietnam to question soldier ● 1970: Uncertainty and anger about Vietnam ● George Allen: Redskins coach ● Leonard Scheter: Sports and war ● James Harris: Black QB ● Alice Rossi: feminist sociologist ● NOW: BJK, pay equality ● Curtis Blow: rap about basketball ● ● 1947- Truman signed anti communist loyalty oaths, FBI investigated 2 mil federal workers to ensure no communist ● Paul Robeson- Robinson v Robeson HUAC speech to debate communism ○ 2 most prominent black figures in America ○ Robeson’s passport was revoked and he was hounded into exile for being not anti comm

● Hyper Nationalism under Cold War used sports to show anticommunism and the value of private market (sports business) ○ Little league baseball got big during this time and attacked corporate sponsors and it was on TV ○ Little league became the “bulwark of Americanism” and players took a little league oath saying they love their country ● Both white America's fear of civil rights and black America's aspirations were thrust upon the shoulders of pro athletes: JACKIE ROB ○ Robinson speaking out against racism was controversial but he Jackie continued to challenge America on race ● McCarthyism- get women back in the kitchen and making babies ○ fired women, no hiring of women ○ Women's baseball made rules to be more ladylike ■ feminine attire ■ D'Angelo was fired bc her butch haircut was suspicion for being a lesbian ○ Wilma Rodolf - black female track star ○ Babe Didrickson - female golf player ■ won 21 straight golf tournaments ■ tried to play in 1948 US Open, but was male only ● Bowling became really big in this era with suburban living ○ a line of bowling shoes and ads of people at lanes ○ pin setting machine made bowling easier to play ○ TV bowling shows became the population ● Beginning of the civil rights movement… ○ Black athletes had established themselves during this time (mid-1950s) ■ white fans cheered for black baseball players ● Althea Gibson ○ Black tennis player ○ grew up poor in Harlem, while tennis is rich, white, elite sport ○ tough, not a black gazelle ○ won the US open and was the first black woman to be AP female AThlete of the year ● Robinson agonistes ○ A spokesman for NAACP - most requested speaker ○ Organizer and marshall for youth march for integrated schools ○ wrote a sports column for New York Post ■ many said he did not have the right to speak out about politics ● Water O’Malley, Red Scare, Chavez Ravine

○ O’Malley moved dodgers to LA ■ migration to the west did move for business ○ Chavez Ravine ■ home to Mexican Americans in a tight-knight valley community ran their own schools and churches ■ the center of Zoot Suit Riots in 1943: the battle between white sailors and pachucos ■ 1949: the community will be public housing, homes were bulldozed and received nothing. became a ghost town. O'Malley took the land causing lots of protests over the stadium ■ LA’s big business conquests wanted Ravine land for development ● Corruption of college athletes ○ the period saw big bucks in the college market ○ City College in NYC ■ point shaving scandal, 17 players arrested on bribery charges ■ 32 players arrested from 7 colleges fixed 86 games in 3 years ○ Kentucky had to suspend bball program for a year ○ NCAA put weight on players who were poor - while NCAA makes billions off unpaid labor ● Pro football’s ascendancy ○ Marshall’s redskins last team to integrate ■ only integrated in 1962 when Udall threatened to deny new dc stadium. Bobby Mitchell integrated redskins ■ confederates of NFL ○ Motley and Willis broke NFL color line ○ red sox last team to integrate baseball CHAPTER 7 ● The 1960s: white muscular men teach us how not to be soft ● Greensboro: 4 black students sat at whites-only lunch counter ○ lit cigs in their face, beaten, seen thru country ○ 3,600 black civil rights protests arrested, “you didn't have to be a sports star to prove you were no longer a soft American” ■ you could be the kind of person who faced a terror most football players couldn't comprehend and you could win” ○ Athletes had to defend their right not to be political ○ Baylor refused to play in a game in West Virginia bc the local hotel did not permit him to register w his teammates ● JR was disillusioned w both parties about civil rights

○ Political opponents with Malcolm X ● Muhammad Ali ○ won the gold medal at 1960 olympics at age 18 - never took it off ○ big Malcolm x fan and were friends ○ Beat Liston is a match Liston was supposed to win ■ announced he would be in the nation of Islam after he won ■ said only religious but explained it as the mass black freedom struggle - Christians were mean to black people to ali, up churches. he did it his way ● turned his back to malcolm x ● if a person called him clay, it showed where they stood on civil rights ● Louis Schmeling fought Ali because he wanted to claim America as a catholic - “patriotic duty” ○ SNCC created the first black panther logo and MA became a symbol of black revolution ● Vietnam ○ Billy mills could not participate in running anymore bc people were being killed in Vietnam ○ sports became an anti-political revolution, Notre dame coach called hippies scum, american football league made players shave ○ Standing ovation at U Tennesse day MLK was killed, Larry James was taken aback ○ football players at Penn harassed protestors ○ Ali was against Vietnam, leader of anti war movement ■ why should blacks fight for whites freedom and not theirs → kill other POC so whites can get richer ■ ali was heavily criticized but never apologized ● no well-known people were resisting draft but him ○ JR was mad at Ali and said america has given you your money and platform, why not go support that country ■ Ali went to Canada to fight bc couldn’t draw a crowd in Us ■ 1967 he fought Ernie till who called him cassius (slave name) and was very cruel beating hi ■ Ali joined king in Louisville ■ Ali was exilled from 3.5 years bc he said no to induction and served a 5-year sentence, Congress increased draft for another 4 years ■ Huge protest at rancho park in 1968 led by muhammad ali

■ Ali was very radicalized “join something bad”, got in lots of debt ● Nation of Islam was anti Ali bc too radicalized Bill Russel goes up ● 1967: first African American to coach pro team ● won 11 champs with celtics ● 1980: named greatest player in the history of NBA ● given the key to city in Marion, Indiana but that night was refused service in hotel ● neighborhood revolted against bill russel buying a house in it bc he was black ○ “didnt play for boston, played for celtics” ● invested in Liberian rubber plantations to help their economy, joined march on washington The Miners of Texas western ● 1966 miners first all-black starting 5 team to win NCAA champ ○ Don Haskins coach ● people were racist to players and said they were not smart ● Rupp, Kentucky coach refused to desegregate Revolt of the black athlete ● 1965 conference football all-star game was moved to Houston from NOLA bc of segregation bc of black players ● protest at Berkeley and then got black assistant coach bc coaches were being racist ● Chet Walker had cigs thrown at him at game in houston and walker was just an employee to bradley university and exploited No turning back 1968 ● Calvin Murphy slammed admissions of Niagara bc only 6 black students and 2 players ● Pirates star refused to play the day before king’s memorial and moved it to after ● Arthur ashe, tennis player: athletes have obligation to civil rights ● UWash made study of racism in athletic department ● Jocks were no longer keeping hippies in line, started own movement, but football players at Columbia were not the same, 1968 olympics ● OPHR boycott on Olympics in mexico city ○ us used black athletes to express a lie at home and internationally ○ 6 Demands ■ Get back Ali’s title ■ Get rid of Avery Brundage

■ Something for Rhodesia ■ Boycott New York Athletics Club ■ Hire more black coaches ■ Desegregate NCYA ● boycott roots began in 1964 Roots of Kareem ● almost killed by cop shooting at black cat in harlem ● OPHR ○ ali’s title back, remove brundage as head of olympics, bar SA from olympics, boycott NY athletic club, more black coaches, desegregation of NYAC ○ lots of backlash against tommie smith bc of boycott ○ JR supported boycott → diff in my day bc we lacked courage and mlk supported too ○ Ralph Boston: if i went and represented US, id be representing the man who killed mlk ○ 9 track stars at UT el paso were kicked off bc refused to play BYU bc of mormon’s treatment of black ppl ○ 23/25 black athletes at iowa state withdrew bc university did not hire black coaches ○ boycott didnt work out bc athletes worked whole life for olympics, hard to give up ○ John carlos: winning medals didnt protect u from racism ○ jesse owens had power trip and was avery’s rep ○ carlos and smith had their track allies, but most of black community liked them, some didn’t, received lots of shit from media la times said nazi like salute ○ white olympic crew team supported them ○ people criticized movement left out women ● Revolt after mexico ○ college black athletes led on ○ notre dame bball players threatened to quit after being booed ○ stanford allowed students to protest ○ hank mo, olympics coach said sports will disappear ● Dave meggesey ○ nfl cardinals civil rights leader, called to end of war and sought to understand why football isnt played in other countries (nationalism) ○ pete rozelle told them to salute the flag and coach said anti war efforts was a distraction

■ he bowed his head and he got benched ● Women roar ○ roberta gibb in 1966 first women at boston marathon ○ tyus first woman to win golds in consecutive Olympics ○ 1969 diane crump first woman to ride a race in us and first to do kentucky derby ○ 1970 womens sports televised ○ bille jean king insisted prize money be paid to women openly at wimbledon CHAPTER 8: THE FLOOD GATES ● Soldiers began to revolt against vietnam war with underground newspapers ● Fragging- murder of officers by their troops ○ 800-1k fragging acts ● us soldiers wore red bandanas and peace signs to show they would not harm viet cong ● soldiers refused to board helicopters ● “men were more important than mission bc mission was stupid” ● black veterans attitude changed and looked up to those who opposed the war (x, ali) ● Vietnamization: expansion ball club, operation linebacker, quarterback ● Nixon would call redskins plays ● politics and pro football are extremes in dying empire ● protest at husky stadium ○ read anti war speech before second half of UW football player after nixon ssent troops to vietnam ■ boos and cheers from crowd ■ anti war against big alumni, donors, pres of school, football no longer so pro war ● The news sportswriting ○ Lipsyte (NY times) said sportsworld was concentration camp for adolescents and disney for parents, dangerous attitudes and ethics ○ fucked up history encouraged people to write books about sports ○ Bouton’s ball four talked about deviant behavior of baseball players talked about relationships on a baseball team ○ Bill walton refused to shave his beard ● Black struggle in 1970 ○ are you a john carlos or a pete dawkins? ○ jesse owens rly changed his mind in his book and became more aware ○ jesse jackson said black athletes should participate in the resistance

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○ hank aaron received 930k racist threats after breaking babe ruth’s record ○ james harris was on QB in nfl which was a “white position” death clemente ○ clemente died who was big for latino sport rights ○ nixon admin encouraged corruption in nicurgagua ■ earthquake, nixon scared country would go communist ■ nixon helped shut down all feeding agencies in nicuragua and shoot-to-kill ■ clemente went to nic and started foundation to help and died in plane on way there Jack scott ○ called for sports to be more inclusive of women and POC and for athletes to have voice in management, democraticize sports ○ head of athletics at oberlin, hired women coaches, strive for personal best, no more tix sales ■ kids signed up for PE ■ tommie smith was track coach ● phoebe jones ran at oberlin and said smith told her sports are not outside of politics, started womens movement South africa ○ ashe brought awareness to apartheid ○ couldnt play in SA open and went off on SA about gov ■ gave him visa 4 yrs later ■ got arrested in front of SA embassay in 1985 ■ wanted to build tennis courts in black areas but black SA wanted their land, not tennis black revolt → womens revolt ○ NOW → after LBJ left out womens rights in CRA ○ 1973: roe v wade ○ king demanded equal pay, more endorsements, better training, and locker rooms ○ riggs was very sexist ○ super anticipated match and she won title 9 ○ equal funding ○ 32k-150k women in college sports ■ improves quality of life ■ men felt threatened ■ some were happy and felt sports educate ppl on competition

■ 2-8.34 teams at each school ● Curt flood ○ Jr supported him, he said no to trade ■ why is baseball exception to labor in other industries ■ shut out of 1970 szn, lost SCOTUS case ● backlash 3.0 ○ jimmy carter still supposed bad regimes ■ law where abortion was not covered by medicaid ○ fraser said those in business created class war ○ politics in sports stopped → globalization in sports CHAPTER 9 ● 1980: US hockey won gold against russians right used it to show how great we were, not about losing vietnam, ussr invading afghanistan, and 52 americans held hostage in iran ● only wealthy flourished under reagan ● inflants died at same rate in bangladesh, school lunches cut ● all about states rights ● C84 olympics ○ reagan gave speech at it ○ no one but La wanted olympics bc of debt of montreal → privately funded games ○ uuberoth had woke olympcis and hired john carlos and harry edwards but la was messy at the time ● campaign revelations ○ dodgers al campanis said black ppl cant be field managers or GM and was fired 2 days later ○ frank robinson, first black baseball manager said campanis showed racism that still persists in baseball ● nba...