STA104 Report - Study on Sleep PDF

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FACULTY OF ACCOUNTANCYDIPLOMA OF ACCOUNTANCY ACC__________________________________________________________________STAStudy on Sleep__________________________________________________________________PREPARED BY: TUAN NUR HANNAN AFIQAH BINTI TUAN KHAIDIR (2019381521) ROHAYU BINTI AHMAD RASHDI (20199157...

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FACULTY OF ACCOUNTANCY DIPLOMA OF ACCOUNTANCY ACC110 __________________________________________________________________ STA104 Study on Sleep __________________________________________________________________ PREPARED BY: TUAN NUR HANNAN AFIQAH BINTI TUAN KHAIDIR (2019381521) ROHAYU BINTI AHMAD RASHDI (2019915799) NURLIANA BINTI MOHD ROSLI (2019990689) NUR ATIFAH BINTI ZAINUDDIN (2019710043)

PREPARED FOR: MADAM SITI RAHAYU BINTI AB. RAHIM

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, thanks to God because he gave us time to complete this task. When we faced a lot of difficulties to complete this task, we still managed to complete it. In performing our assignment, we had to take the help and guideline of respected persons, who deserve our greatest gratitude. The completion of this assignment gives us much pleasure. A thank you to Madam Siti Rahayu Binti Ab. Rahim, who introduced us to the methodology of Introduction to Statistics. She had given us an appropriate example and knowledge in order to make us understand more about this statistical study. She spends her time to carry out every experiment related to this statistical study. She also makes sure we understand what she teaches and explains before we begin to work on these practical assessments. We also want to show our gratitude toward the other groups that are willing to share their information about this study. Also, a big thanks towards our family and friends who did their best to give us their support by giving us a lot of encouragement to go through with this task to complete this study. We hope that this effort of ours will give advantages toward us and our group’s assessments.

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TABLE OF CONTENT Acknowledgement

2

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of study

4

1.2 Objectives of Study

4

2.0 Methodology 2.1 Descriptions of Data

5

2.2 Method of Analysis

6

3.0 Findings 3.1 Descriptive Analysis Reference

3

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1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of study Sleep (/sliːp/) is a condition of body and mind which typically recurs for several hours every night. Our nervous system will be inactive during sleep; eyes closed, postural muscles relaxed and consciousness is practically suspended. It is a physiological need of our bodies and minds to rest before starting a new day. Sleep is a vital indicator of overall health and well-being. According to research done previously, we spend up to one-third of our lives asleep. However, do we know how much sleep is needed in order for us to be satisfied enough with our sleep? How do we measure the satisfaction and quality of our sleep? Sleep is divided into two broad types: non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. There are five stages of sleep that follow each other in a cyclical fashion. The stages are wake, relaxed wakefulness, light sleep, deep sleep (NREM) and REM sleep. This sleep cycle takes an average of 90 minutes, occurring 4-6 times in a good night’s sleep. Our sleep timing is controlled by the circadian clock, sleep-wake homeostasis and also individual will. In this study case, we have selected 192 respondents to study their level of satisfaction of sleep and the quality of sleep, based on their social timing and their demographic profile, defined by their gender.

1.2 Objectives of Study The objectives of study include: 1. To describe the demographic profile of the respondents 2. To describe quality of sleep of the respondents

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2.0 METHODOLOGY 2.1 Descriptions of Data Table 1: Descriptions of Variables Description of section

Item

Types of variable

Measurement

Gender Age Marital status Education level Weight Height Smoking habit Hours slept

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 7 per Question 8

Qualitative Quantitative Qualitative Qualitative Quantitative Quantitative Qualitative Quantitative

scale Nominal Ratio Nominal Ordinal Ratio Ratio Nominal Ratio

weeknight Hours slept

per

Question 9

Quantitative

Ratio

Question 10

Quantitative

Ratio

needed Trouble falling asleep Question 11 Trouble staying Question 12

Qualitative Qualitative

Nominal Nominal

asleep Working on night shift Question 13 Feeling refreshed Question 14

Qualitative Qualitative

Nominal Nominal

after sleep Quality of sleep

Qualitative

Ordinal

weekend day Hours of

sleep

Question 15

2.2 Method of Analysis Table 2: Summary of Methods of Data Analysis

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Objective To describe

Variable Smoking habit

Method of analysis Frequency Table

demographic profile of

Quality of sleep and feeling

Cross Tabulation

the respondents

refreshed

To

describe

the

the

quality of sleep of the

Working night shift

Pie Chart

Trouble staying asleep and

Clustered Bar Chart

trouble falling asleep Hours of sleep needed

Histogram

Hours slept per weeknight

Box-plot

respondents

Stem and leaf Plot Numerical

Descriptive

Measures

3.0 FINDINGS 3.1 Descriptive Analysis Objective 1: To describe the demographic profile of the respondents

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Variable: Smoking habit Table 3: Distribution of Respondents by Smoking Habit Smoking Habit

Valid

Frequency Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

26

13.5

13.5

13.5

No

166

86.5

86.5

100.0

100.0

100.0

Total 192

More than 80% of the respondents are non-smokers, while the remaining smoke.

Variable: Quality of sleep and feeling refreshed after sleep Table 4: Distribution of Respondents by Quality of Sleep and Feeling Refreshed Quality of Sleep * Feeling Refreshed Crosstabulation Feeling refreshed

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Total

Yes

No

Very poor 1

3

4

%

25%

75%

2.1%

Poor

1

18

19

%

5.3%

94.7%

9.9%

Fair

12

46

58

%

20.7%

79.3%

30.2%

Good

22

40

62

%

35.5%

64.5%

32.3%

Very good 28

15

43

%

65.1%

34.9%

22.4%

Excellent

6

0

6

%

100%

0%

3.1%

Total

70

122

192

%

36.5%

63.5%

100%

Quality of Sleep

Majority respondents that had fair, good night sleep feels refreshed after waking up.

Variable: Working night shift or rotating shifts Figure 1: Distribution of Respondents by Working Night Shift or Rotating Shifts

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From the entire respondent, 94.79% of respondent do not work in shifts. Only 4.69% work on night shifts or rotating shift while the remaining 0.52% sometimes work in night or rotating shifts.

Variable: Trouble staying asleep and trouble falling asleep Figure 2: Distribution of Respondents by Trouble Staying Asleep and Trouble Falling

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Asleep

43 respondents who have the trouble to stay asleep also have the trouble to fall asleep. 31 of them who have no trouble staying asleep actually have the trouble of falling asleep. 40 of them have the trouble of staying asleep even though they have no problem falling asleep. While the remaining 78 respondents have no troubles of falling or staying asleep.

Objective 2: To describe the quality of sleep of the respondents Variable: Hours of sleep needed 10

Histogram

Box-plot

Stem and leaf plot Hours of Sleep Needed Stem-and-Leaf Plot

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Frequency

Stem &

Leaf

.00

5

.

1.00

5

.

5

13.00 6

.

0000000000000

5.00

6

.

55555

40.00 7

.

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000

7.00

7

.

5555555

87.00 8

.

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000 8.00

8

.

55555555

19.00 9

.

0000000000000000000

1.00

.

5

9

11.00 Extremes

Stem width:

1.0

Each leaf:

1 case(s)

(>=10.0)

Based on Histogram, Box-Plot and Stem and leaf plot, the distribution of how many sleep hours needed is skewed to the right.

Descriptive Statistic

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Std. Error

how

many

sleep needed

hours

Mean

7.859

95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound

7.702

for Mean

8.017

Upper Bound

.0800

5% Trimmed Mean

7.812

Median

8.000

Variance

1.229

Std. Deviation

1.1085

Minimum

5.5

Maximum

16.0

Range

10.5

Interquartile Range

1.0

Skewness

2.088

.175

Kurtosis

14.369

.349

Mean: On the average, the number of hours sleep needed is 8 hours with a standard deviation of 1. Median: Half of the respondent of sleep hours at least 8 hours needed. Range: The sleep hours needed ranges from 0 to 10 hours Skewness: The positive value for coefficient of skewness (2.088) indicates that the distribution is slightly skewed to the right.

Variable: Hours slept per weeknight Histogram

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Box-plot

Stem and leaf Hours Slept per Weeknight Stem-and-Leaf Plot

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Frequency

Stem &

Leaf

3.00

4

.

000

.00

4

.

4.00

5

.

0000

2.00

5

.

55

39.00 6

.

000000000000000000000000000000000000000

12.00 6

.

555555555555

68.00 7

.

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 2.00

7

.

51.00 8

.

55

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 3.00

8

.

555

8.00

9

.

00000000

Stem width: Each leaf:

1.0 1 case(s)

Based on Histogram, Box-Plot and Stem and leaf plot, the distribution of Hours sleep per weeknight is skewed to the left.

Descriptive Statistic

Std. Error

Mean

15

7.039

.0700

Lower 95% Confidence Interval Mean

for Bound Upper Bound

Hours

6.901

7.177

5% Trimmed Mean

7.056

Median

7.000

Slept Variance

per Weeknight Std. Deviation

.940 .9693

Minimum

4.0

Maximum

9.0

Range

5.0

Interquartile Range

1.9

Skewness

-.325

.175

Kurtosis

.369

.349

Mean: On the average, the number of hours sleep per weeknight is 7 hours with a standard deviation of 1. Median: Half of the respondent of sleep hours at least 7 hours per weeknight. Range: The sleep hours per weeknight ranges from 0 to 5 hours Skewness: The negative value for coefficient of skewness (-0.325) indicates that the distribution is slightly skewed to the left REFERENCE https://www.sleepfoundation.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep https://ouraring.com/stages-of-sleep Statistics book second edition by Politeknik Merlimau Melaka

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