Stats Modeling the World Reading Guides-Chapter 13 PDF

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Stats: Modeling the World - Bock, Velleman, & DeVeaux

Chapter 13: From Randomness to Probability Key Vocabulary:    

probability trial outcome event

   

independent Law of Large Numbers complement disjoint



mutually exclusive

1. In statistics, what is meant by the term random?

Cannot predict the outcome, but the possible outcomes are known. 2. In statistics, what is meant by probability?

The chance that something will occur (numerical value) 3. What does it mean for trials to be independent?

The outcome of one trial is not dictating the outcome of another. 4. How is the Law of Large Numbers related to probability?

Probabilities settle around a single value with more trials, and relative frequencies get closer to the true frequency as you do more trials. 5. In statistics, what is an event?

Collection of outcomes of trials. 6. Explain why the probability of any event is a number between 0 and 1.

Values below zero would be less than the lowest possible chance of occurring and above 1 are above the highest chance of occurring. 7. What is the sum of the probabilities of all possible outcomes?

All possible outcomes should add up to 1 8. Describe the probability that an event does not occur?

1-P(event) = P(event) 9. What is meant by the complement of an event?

1-P(event) 10. When are two events considered disjoint?

No outcomes in-common, and if you were drawing a venn diagram, there would be no overlapping section. 11. What is the probability of two disjoint events?

Sum of the probabilities of the two events Chapter 13: From Randomness to Probability

Stats: Modeling the World - Bock, Velleman, & DeVeaux

12. What is the Multiplication Rule for independent events? P(AnB) = P(A) P(B)

Chapter 13: From Randomness to Probability

13. Can disjoint events be independent?

No 14. If two events A and B are independent, what must be true about Ac and Bc?

A’ and B’ are independent, A is independent of B 15. What is meant by the union of two or more events? Draw a diagram.

P(AuB) = P(A) or P(B)

16. State the addition rule for disjoint events.

P(AuB) = P (A) = P (B) 17. What is meant by the intersection of two or more events? Draw a diagram.

P(AnB) = P(A) AND P(B)

18. Explain the difference between the union and the intersection of two or more events. Union = or Any of these occur Intersection = and

All of these occur...