Stem cells PDF

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stem cell basic summary
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Stem cells:  

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A zygote is totipotent (capable of becoming an entire organism) The cells of the inner cell mass of the blastocyst are used to generate embryonic stem (ES) cells which are pluripotent (capable of specializing to become any cell type of the embryo/fetus) Somatic stem cells such as those found in the bone marrow, liver and small intestine are multipotent Any somatic cell has the potential to be reprogrammed into a pluripotent embryonic stem cell like I PS cell ES and iPS cells have great therapeutic potential Somatic cells are all the cells of an organism except the sex cells Characteristics of a stem cell: o Unspecialized o Capable of self-renewal – will divide into 2 cells, one that will go back to being a stem cell and the other that will specialize o Can become specialized cell types Fertilized egg  totipotent – can become a whole organism Blastocyst (group of cells – the outside ones make up the placenta are known as trophoblast, cells in the middle are called the inner cell mass cells)  pluripotent – all cell types of an embryo Umbilical cord/ blood/ stem cell multipotent Somatic stem cells/ adult stem cells  multipotent – brain, cornea, bone marrow, gut, skin, liver

Type of stem cell: Totipotent Pluripotent Multipotent Unipotent 

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Example: Zygote Embryonic stem cells Hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow, placenta Oogonia, spermatogonia

Cell culture conditions: o Cell grown in nutrient rich solution (media) o House in incubator at 37 degrees with 2-20% oxygen o Cells grow, divide and can be induced to become specialized cells Embryonic stem cells: o Immortal o Self-renew o Pluripotent...