Study Guide #2 - Lecture notes 2 PDF

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A A Rorlich, study guide with key terms...

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Study Guide #2: Identifications Battle of Badr: 624 CE Muslims in MEdina targeted Qurayshi caravans for raid which led to an open arms battle Dar-al-Islam: “house of Islam”; house of prayer; safe place for Muslims Abbasids: Descendants of Muhammad’s uncle; founded by Abu-Al-Abbas; more orthodox practices, privilege went to scholars Caliph: successors of Muhammad; chief ruler of religious and civil affairs Sunni: people who follow traditions of prophet through wise leaders chosen by community Shi’ah: people who believe in bloodlines of Muhammad through ‘Ali Omar: Second caliph, led Muslims to conquer Byzantine empire Uthman: Third elected caliph; originated from Umayyad tribe; appointed members of his clan as leaders of his empire which caused riots against his nepotism Sufis: Islamic mystics who left behind all possessions and identities to enter lifelong journey to find god Hadith: collection of sayings and traditions directly from prophet that accounts for his daily and religious practices; regarded by Sunis as second most important rulings to live by under the Quran Dar-Al-Harb: countries not under Islamic rule, but are peaceful toward them Shari’ah: Islamic laws covering all aspects of daily life, founded on principle of intent Muawiyyah: Sixth caliph; wants his son to be his successor but Shi’ites wanted ‘Ali’s bloodline, this led to war which wiped out Hussein supporters; Shi’ites still commemorate the loss Umayyads: Uthman’s tribe, accused of nepotism 5 Pillars of Islam: Shahada- oneness of god Salat- 5 daily prayers Zakat- khums tax Sawm- fasting for Ramadan Hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca Terms Din: “Religion”- every action should be governed by religious beliefs Ijma: Communal consensus, especially by scholars Bid’a: Religious innovation Sunnah: Prophetic traditions and teachings Maulud: Observance of Muhammad’s birthday...