Study Guide etst002 PDF

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Discussion Section - Week of Jan. 25 Questions: 1. Individual, and group identity has been a constant, as to what U.S. society, and its institutions label (Chicanos) to be, and what the Chicano community wants to be referred to, and even as to what we call ourselves. What impact has historical, political, regional, and national variables had on this dilemma? Discuss. There has been a confusion within Chicano communities with regards to identifying themselves. First, they are called Latinos and Hispanics when they are neither. In historical terms, the first conquest by Spaniards which occurred in the 16th century led to a new race called La Raza or mestizos, as the Spaniards raped and/or married native Indian women. The La Raza. By 19th century, they called themselves Chicanos. However, the gringos during their conquest labeled Chicanos as MexicanAmericans. The word Chicano comes from demographic origins. Such that the word “Chi” comes from Chihuahua, a state in Mexico located near the US border; and “cano” from the word Texano. Unfortunately, some of the Mexican-Americans consider “Chicano” an insult and is equated to as being inferior. Some call themselves Spanish-Americans, others prefer Americans with Mexican descent, or Hispanos. As the second largest minority in the country, especially in the Southwest, they have been exploited and called ‘culturally-deprived’. They belong in the lowest ring of the society getting little to no education, and no political representation. Tired of being oppressed and discriminated a true Chicano with a non-Anglo image of himself takes great pride in this barrio word [Chicano] because it an “act of defiance and badge of honor” as pointed out by Ruben Salazar in his article Who is a Chicano? And what is it the Chicanos want?

El Bandido: Evolution of Images of Chicano Criminality 1. What is meant when Chicanos have said that “Justice” for Mexicans in the United States has meant “just us”? 2. Trace the evolution and development of the Bandido Image in the United States from the signing of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo to the present. o - The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed by US and Mexico, which ended the Mexican-American war in 1848. According to the treaty, after one year, Mexican citizens could either remain in the occupied territory and become US citizens or they could leave the conquered territory and remain Mexican citizens (Guerrero, La Raza: Product of Two Conquests). It also states that the Mexicans would receive protection from the US government, land grants, and property grants. Unfortunately, the treaty was not kept; the Gringos continued to harass and oppress the Mexicans. o Because of this, there was no room for growth for the Chicano community. It led to more obvious segregation of Chicanos from the Anglos; the oppressors made sure that they remain poor, illiterate, and do not own properties. They made sure that they remain captives in their own land. In the present, it is still evident how some Chicanos are racially discriminated for their skin color and appearance, taken advantage of and considered only as laborers deserving of low-wage menial jobs.

3. What is the Mobilization of Bias? How is this process relevant to the Chicano people? Give specific example on how the Mobilization of Bias impacts on the Chicano people. Study Terms 1. “Requiem 29” 2. Mechanisms of Indirect or Insidious Methods of Social Control a. Co-optation b. Divide and Conquer c. Gerrymandering d. Tokenism e. Mobilization of Bias 3. Social Bandits a. Joaquin Murrieta b. Tiburcio Vasquez c. Gregorio Cortez d. Juan Cortina 4. Texas Rangers 5. Bracero Program 6. Ruben Salazar 7. Operation Wetback – A US Immigration Law Enforcement Campaign. In 1954 – 1958, 3.8 million persons of Mexican descent and only a small portion of them were allowed hearings 8. Sleepy Lagoon 9. Zoot-Suit Riots/US Government Riots 10. East Los Angeles Riots (i.e. Los Angeles Police Riots)...