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Study guide for midterm 2...

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1. What is the repulsion hypothesis? Attraction is not increased by similar attitudes but is simply decreased by dissimilar attitudes 2. Be sure to know the following theories: balance theory, social comparison theory, attachment theory, social exchange theory, equity theory and Rusbult’s investment model. Balance theory: is a comparison of an individual's liking another person, their attitude about a given topic, and the other person's attitude about the same topic Social comparison theory: comparing attitudes and beliefs with those of others Attachment theory: Social exchange theory: Measuring the costs and rewards of a relationships to maximize their rewards Equity Theory: equity is assumed to be a powerful norm and people want to avoid an imbalance of underebenefited and over benefited Rusbult's Investment model: commitment, satisfaction, alternative, and investment 3. What are the different attachment styles and how do they affect one’s relationships? 1. Secure: high self-esteem and high interpersonal trust a. The most successful and most desirable attachment style 2. Fearful-avoidant: low self-esteem and low interpersonal trust a. The most insecure and least adaptive attachment style 3. Preoccupied: low self-esteem and high interpersonal trust a. This individual strongly desires a close relationship but feels that unworthy and vulnerable to rejection 4. Dismissing: high self-esteem and low interpersonal trust a. The tendency to rejet the other person at some point in the relationship to avoid being rejected 4. Why is interpersonal trust and self-esteem important to interpersonal relationships?

Interpersonal trust is the degree to which others are perceived as trustworthy, dependable, and reliable. Self esteem is the degree to which thee self is perceived positive or negatively; ones overall attitude toward yourself 5. What are the different types/categories of love? Love: combination of emotions, cognitions and behaviors that often play a crucial role in intimate relationships Passionate love: an intense and often unrealistic emotional response to another person Unrequited love: love felt by one person for another who does not feel love in return 6. Gender differences in mate selection. Females: -

Seek malees with resources

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Power (ability to raise and protect off spring)

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Attractiveness

Males: -

Youth + beauty (reproductive fitness)

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Bilateral symmetry, symmetrical face is perceived as more attractive than asymmetrical

Physicality: -

Women: Large eyes, small nose, small chin, prominent cheek bones, narrow cheeks, high eyebrows, large pupils, big smile.

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Men: large eyes, cheek bones, large chin big smile

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Baby like

7. Why do some relationships succeed and some fail? Succeed: benefits of marriage, perceiving love Fail: narcissism, costs of marriage 8. Define conformity and social norms.

Conformity: a type of social influence in which individuals change their attitudes or behavior in order to adhere to social norms Social norms: Rules regarding how people are expected to behave in specific situations...