Syllogism practice (003) PDF

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Page 1 of 5 Logical Analogies Attempt to refute the two arguments below by the method of devising a logical analogy. If the argument cannot be refuted, state why. (i. Evaluate the following syllogisms to tell whether the argument is valid or invalid) 1. No physical actions are chance occurrences. Al...

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Logical Analogies Attempt to refute the two arguments below by the method of devising a logical analogy. If the argument cannot be refuted, state why. (i.e. Evaluate the following syllogisms to tell whether the argument is valid or invalid)

1.

No physical actions are chance occurrences. All chance occurrences are random events.

No random events are physical actions. Illicit Minor 2.

All events are things describable by science. All mental decisions are events. All mental decisions are things describable by science.

Valid 3.

All things describable by science are predictable events. No free decisions are things describable by science.

No free decisions are predictable events. Illicit Major 4.

No things describable by science are uncaused happenings. All mental decisions are things describable by science. No mental decisions are uncaused happenings.

Valid 5.

No free choices are caused occurrences. Some natural processes are not caused occurrences.

Some natural processes are not free choices. Exclusive Premises i.e. two negative premises 6.

All free decisions are uncaused happenings. No mental decisions are uncaused happenings. No mental decisions are free decisions.

Valid

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7.

Some decisions are careful reflections. All uses of free will are decisions.

Some uses of free will are careful reflections. Undistributed middle term 8. All persons who are most free are person who decide most. All persons who decide least are persons who are most free. All persons who decide least are persons who decide most. Four Term Fallacy 9.

Some coerced decisions are not free choices. Some desires are free choices. Some desires are coerced decisions.

Affirmative conclusion from negative premise 10.

No mental decisions are free decisions. All uncaused events are free decisions. No uncaused events are mental decisions

Valid 11. No loving persons are thoughtless persons. No loving persons are aggressive people. ----------------------------------------------------------------No aggressive people are thoughtless persons. Exclusive Premises

12. No passive individuals are folks who live well. All self-actualized persons are folks who live well. -------------------------------------------------------------No self-actualized persons are passive individuals. Valid

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13. All persons living the life of excellence are open people. All open people are honest folks. ---------------------------------------------------------------All honest folks are persons living the life of excellence Illicit Minor

14. Some studious persons are not friendly persons. All friendly persons are persons who value others. ----------------------------------------------------------------Some persons who value others are not studious persons Illicit Major

15. All folks who live well are persons living the good life. No persons living the good life are passive individuals. -----------------------------------------------------------------No passive individuals are folks who live well. Valid

16. All individuals who cherish living are well adjusted people. All perfect persons are individuals who cherish living. ----------------------------------------------------------------Some perfect persons are well adjusted people. Existential Fallacy

17. Some worriers are folks who live well. Some passive individuals are not worriers. ------------------------------------------------------------------Some passive individuals are folks who live well. Valid

18. All people cherishing living are persons living excellent lives.

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All folks who live well are people cherishing living. -----------------------------------------------------------------------All folks who live well are persons living excellent lives. Valid

19. All responsive individuals are considerate persons. All persons who act before they think are responsive individuals. ---------------------------------------------------------------------All persons who act before they think are considerate persons. Valid 20. All persons who seek fulfillment are persons who take risks. No shy persons are persons who seek fulfillment. --------------------------------------------------------------------No shy persons are person who take risks. Illicit Major 21. All persons living excellent lives are persons cherishing living. All folks who live well are persons cherishing living. -----------------------------------------------------------------All folks who live well are persons living excellent lives. Undistributed Middle Term 22. All persons who worry are people who live in the future. All persons who plan ahead are people who live in the future. -----------------------------------------------------------------All persons who plan ahead are persons who worry. Undistributed Middle Term 23. Some procrastinators are lazy persons. No self-actualized persons are lazy persons. ---------------------------------------------------------------Some self-actualized persons are not procrastinators. Illicit Major

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Part II. Set up the following syllogisms in standard form and order, name its mood and figure, and test it for validity 1. All acts of free will are uncaused events, since all mental decisions are uncaused events and all acts of free will are mental decisions. AAA-1 Valid 2. All acts of free will are uncaused events, so no acts of free will are existent things because no uncaused events are existent things. EAE-1 Valid

Part III. Syllogistic Arguments Put the following arguments into standard form and order categorical syllogisms. Name the mood and figure, and test for validity 1. No persons who plan ahead are persons who live in the present, since all persons who live in the present are satisfied people, and no persons who plan ahead are satisfied people. AEE-2 All persons who live in the present are satisfied people No persons who plan ahead are satisfied people Therefore, No persons who plan ahead are persons who live in the present Valid 2. Nothing is better than being successful, but all doing poorly is better than nothing, so all doing poorly is better than being successful. Cannot be syllogism. Four term fallacy. “Nothing” being used in different sense. 3. No self-actualized persons are lazy people, and some self-actualized persons are happy people, hence some lazy people are not happy people. IEO-3 Some self-actualized persons are happy people No self-actualized persons are lazy people Therefore, some lazy people are not happy people Illicit Minor...