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LES LESSON SON 1: INTR INTROD OD ODUC UC UCTIO TIO TION N TO GL GLOBA OBA OBALIZ LIZ LIZAT AT ATION ION

Glo Globali bali balizat zat zatio io ion n: Glo Globaliz baliz balizat at ation ion ion- set of complex, sometimes contradictory, social processes that are changing our current social condition based on the modern system of independent nation-states Cut Cuture ure urela la (20 (2012) 12)  Globalization means to designate an overview of the human experience in education. Ino Inosem sem semts ts tsev ev (2 (2008 008 008))  distinguished globalization as one of the most known social studies, but is still a hollow terminology. Cold W ar  an interdependent world when it comes to its economical and informational dimensions. Web Webst st ster er  globalization is the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets. Rob (1992) Rober er ertso tso tson n (1992)  understanding of the world and the increased perception of the world as a whole Albr Albrow ow an and d Kin King g (199 (1990) 0)  defined globalization as "all those processes by which the people of the world are incorporated into a single world society, Gidde Giddens ns (19 (1991) 91)  globalization is the process of intensifying social relationships among countries around the world  connecting separate localities in a manner in which local events are formed as a result of happenings that have occurred from afar. Steg Steger er (200 2005) 5) cit cited ed Fr Free ee eeden den (2 (2003) 003)  globalization denotes not an ideology, but 'a range of processes nesting under one rather unwieldy epithet. Steg Steger er (2 (2005 005 005)) set of complex, social processes that are changing out current social condition derived from the modern Independence of nation-states. Inte Intern rn rnati ati ational onal Mone Monetar tar taryy Fu Fund nd (IM (IMF, F, 2000)  Globalization offers extensive opportunities for truly  worldwide development, but it is not progressing evenly.  GLOBALIZATION: extension beyond national borders of the same market forces that have operated for centuries at all levels of human economic activity which includes village markets, urban industries, or financial centers.

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Hut Hutton ton & G idd iddens ens ens,, as c ite ited d by Cu Cutur tur turela ela (2009 2009))  globalization is the interplay of extraordinary technological innovation mixed with influence of the world that gives today's changing its complexity. THE F IVE COR ORE E CLA CLAIMS IMS OF MARK ARKET ET G LOB LOBAL AL ALISM ISM 1. Globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of market. 2. Globalization is inevitable and irreversible. 3. Nobody is in charge of globalization 4. Globalization benefits everyone. 5. Globalization furthers the spread of democracy in the world.

LES LESSON SON 2: THE GLOB LOBAL AL E CON CONOMY OMY Gary Gere ereff ff ffi's i's j our ournal nal  The Global Economy Organization, Governance, and Development, he mentioned that the global changes are attributed to how the global economy is organized and governed.

Dif Differ fer ferent ent Leve evels ls of An Analys alys alysis is (G (Gere ere ereff ff ffi) i) Macr Macro o lev level el  includes the international organizations and regimes that establish rules and norms for the global community.  The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization, and the International Labor Organization are the existing international organizations that make impact to the economy of the world.  The regional integration schemes like the European Union and the North American Free Trade Agreement are also part of these organizations. Mes Meso o lev level el  building blocks for the global economy are the countries and firms. The global economy is seen as the arena in which countries compete in different product markets. Micr Micro o lev level el  There is a growing literature on the resistance to globalization by consumer groups, activists, and transnational social movements.  Wor Worldldld-Sys Sys Syste te tems ms Theo heory ry- the upward or downward mobility of nations in the core, semi periphery, and periphery is determined by a country's mode of incorporation in the capitalist world-economy, and these shifts can only be accurately portrayed by an in-depth analysis of the cycles of capitalist accumulation in the longue duree of history. Adam Sm Smith ith ith- an eighteenth-century political economist, "divisio isio ision n of labo abor" r" as the specialization of workers in defined "div different parts of the production process LES LESSON SON 3: MARK MARKET ET INT INTEGR EGR EGRAT AT ATION ION Harl Harleyey- observes, "Analysis of the low-wage periphery, which is most relevant to modern [globalization] debate, is restricted by data availability Two m ain a ims ims:

1

Analyze whether as part of pre-World War II globalization an integrated Asian market for unskilled labor existed to encompass Asia's chief emigrant-sending regions of South India and Southeastern China and the principal Southeast Asian receiving countries for Indian and Chinese immigrants. Thr Three ee co comp mp mplem lem lement ent entary ary cr crit it iteria eria eria::  that wages do not diverge from a common trend  that over time wage dispersion does not increase  that a correction mechanism pushes wages towards equilibrium relationship aftershocks. It can be misleading, Rob Rober er ertso tso tsonn- warns, to rely on price as a criterion for integration. Markets are integrated if adjustment mechanisms operate to correct deviations from a wage differential or "gap".

2

Compare wage trends in the area of Asia from South India to South China and including Burma, Malaya and Thailand with an industrial core of the global economy, defined as the United Kingdom, United States, Germany and France.

The Ris ise e of th the e Glo Global bal Corp orpora ora oratio tio tion n by: D ean eane e Neu Neubaue baue bauerr Part One One:: The historic rise of the global corporation-three periods  (Be (Bentl ntl ntley, ey, J. 20 2003; 03; Gi Gills lls lls,, 2006 2006;; Moor oore e and Le Lewis wis 20 2000.) 00.) -The approach to the study of globalization sometimes termed "his "histo to toric ric rical al glo globali bali balizat zat zation ion ion"" locates the phenomenon itself in early patterns of trade and exchange Part Two: Two: How do globa globa corpor functi oball corpor porati ati ation’ on’ on’s s functi nction? on? W hat cons consti ti titut tut tutes es a glob lobal al cor corpor por porat at ation ion ion??  Inte Intern rn rnati ati ational onal c omp ompanie anie anies s- importers and exporters, typically without investment outside of their home country  Mult Multinat inat inatio io ional nal co compa mpa mpanies nies -have investment in other countries, but do not have coordinated product offerings in each country. They are more focused on adapting their products and services to each individual local market.  Glo Global bal co compa mpa mpanies nies nies-- have invested in and are present in many countries. They typically market their products and services to each individual local market.  Tra Transn nsn nsnati ati ational onal c omp ompani ani anies es es- more complex organizations which have invested in foreign operations, have a central corporate facility but give decision-making, research and develop (R&D) and marketing powers to each individual foreign market. Ger Geriff iff iffe e fo forr exa examp mp mple le em emphas phas phasiz iz izes es t hre hree e st stru ru ructur ctur ctural al pe perio rio riods: ds:  Investment-based globalization (1950-1970);  Trade-based globalization (1970-1995);  Digital globalization (1995 onwards.) Uni United ted Na Natio tio tions ns Conf onfere ere erence nce o n Tr Trade ade an and d Dev Develop elop elopme me ment nt (UN (UNCTA CTA CTAD) D) D)-- focused on the various roles that FDI plays in the development process and has maintained an extensive policy library of global FDI statistics as well as the dense structure of regulation that frame global corporate cross-border engagements (Fre (Fredri dri driks ks ksso so son n 2003 Part T hr hree: ee: W hat is dif diffe fe feren ren rentt abou aboutt th this is ph phase ase o f glo global bal corp corpora ora orate te de devel vel velopm opm opment ent ent??  Dev Develo elo eloping ping econo conomi mi mies es es", and especially those of Brazil, India and China—the so-called BR BRICS ICS economies, have become the most dynamic sector of global corporate growth, represented in part by their significant FDI over the three decades. UNCTAD AD AD,, 201 2011 1 - The relative robust nature of the  UNCT emerging economies has continued to attract FDI and to create conditions leading to the rapid expansion of their nationally based global corporations  Hawk Hawksw sw swort ort orth h and Cook ookson son son-- predict that "middle class" consumers in China and India will grow from some 1.8 billion in 2010 to 3.2 billion in 2020 and 4.9 billion by 2030 (2008).

LES LESSON SON 4: THE GLOB LOBAL AL IN INTE TE TERST RST RSTAT AT ATE E SYS SYSTE TE TEM M John Stua tuart rt Mi Millll- suggested by contrast that there was but a single model of civilization Mart Martti ti K os oske ke kennie nnie nniemi mi an and d Ant Antony ony Angh nghie ie ie-the new discipline of (mostly positivist) international law

Henr Henryy Wh Wheat eat eaton on on- talked in terms of the international law of Christianity' versus the law used by Mohammedan Powers' W. E. Ha Hallll - international law 'is a product of the special civilization of modern Europe and forms a highly artificial system of which the principles cannot be supposed to be understood or recognized by countries differently civilized Jam James es Lo Lorim rim rimer er er- suggested there were three categories of humanity  Civi Civiliz liz lized ed  Barb Barbari ari aric c  Savag Savage e three corresponding grades of recognition (ple (plenary nary poli olitica tica ticall par partial tial poli olitic tic tical al nat natura ura ural,l, or mer mere e hum human) an) Vict Victor or orian ian in inte te ternat rnat rnation ion ional al law divided the world according to its standard of civilization EUR EUROP OP OPE’S E’S s ph phere ere o f civ civiliz iliz ilized ed lilife fe fe: roughly  the protection of property  the rule of law on the basis-usually of codes or constitutions,  effective administration of its territory by a state  warfare conducted by a regular army  freedom of conscience. Out Outsid sid side e t his s phe phere re re:  the task was to define terms upon which sovereigntyfull or partial-might be bestowed  non-European world that the enormity of the task required in acquiring sovereignty could best be grasped.  There, too, the potential costs—in terms of legalized violence of failing to attain the standard of civilization were most evident. LES LESSON SON 5: CONT CONTEM EM EMPOR POR PORAR AR ARY Y GLO GLOBAL BAL GOV GOVER ER ERNAN NAN NANCE CE Glo Globaliz baliz balizat at ationion- is a rich and a broad concept and may be defined in various perspectives. It cannot be denied that globalization has made a tremendous impact on the sovereign state. Fowl Fowler er an and d Bunc Bunck k (19 (1996) 96) 96)- emphasized that a sovereign state has a territory, the people, and a government The Unit United ed N ati ations ons mem member ber bers s hip requ equire ire ireme me ments nts are are::  the state must be a peace-loving state which accepts the obligations contained in the present Charter,  in the judgment of the Organization must be able and willing to carry out these obligations. Chap Chapte te terr 2 Ar Artic tic ticle le 4 of th the e Uni United ted N ati ations ons Char Charte te terr- states that only sovereign states can become members of the United Nations. Org Orginia inia iniall me membe mbe mbers rs rs: the Belarus, India, Philippines, and Ukraine The tra transn nsn nsnati ati ational onal a cto ctors rs rs,, wh which ich ar are e no non-s n-s n-sta ta tate: te:  intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)  international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs)  transnational corporations (TNCs) Sove Soverei rei reignt gnt gntyy is at the heart of both public international law and the legal constitution of the state Will William iam Burk urke e-White further asserts that the ICC has become par partt of a sys syste te tem m of mu multil ltil ltileve eve evell glob global al gov overn ern ernance ance through its alteration of state preferences and policies and its deterrence future crimes through judicial and prosecutorial pronouncements Alex Alexand and andra ra Kh Khreb reb rebtu tu tukov kov kov-- insightfully points out "national borders no longer confine the diverse views that prioritize subjects of international law...