Test 2 for cs100 PDF

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Aut hor

Conc e pt / Topi c

Ma i ni de a s

Ca r e y

Te l e gr a ph

183 0 s :Se p a r a t i o no ft r a ns p o r t a t i o na n dc ommu ni c a t i o n Te l e gr aphma r ke dt hede vi c es e pa r a t i ono f “t r a ns po r t a t i o n”a nd“ c o mmuni c a t i on” - Wa sapr o duc e rg o odfir s t , t he nac ons u me rg o od - Wa sfir s tus e df o r“ l o n gdi s t a n c ec he s s ” ; c omme r c i a lus a g ewa sl a t e rr e a l i z e d - Sy mb ol smo v e di nde pe n de n c yo fg e o g r a ph y - I nd e pe nde n t l ya n df a s t e rt ha nt r a ns p or t a t i on - Ra i l r oa d sa ndt he“ s y s t e mi st hes o l ut i o n” - Ar b i t r a g e :Bu yi n gc h e a pa nds e l l i n gde a rb y mo v i n gg o o dsa r ou nds pa c e( r e s e l l i n go v e r d i s t a n c e s ) - Ma k e sg e o g r a ph yi r r e l e v a n t - Te l e gr a p he v e n so utt h ema r k e t si ns pa c e - Sh i f t ss pe c ul a t i o nf r o ms p a c et ot i me - Ar b i t r a g et of ut u r e s - Tr a d i n gwa r r a n t s - Pr o duc tg r a di n g - Ma r c on it e l e gr a p h

Sh ud s o n

J o ur na l i s ma nd Re p or t i n g ;I n c r e a s e d s o c i e t a lde ma n df o r n e ws

- Th ei d e a lo fs t o r ya ndi nf o r ma t i o n - Me a d :Re p or t e r sg e tt h es t or i e sbu tno tt h ef a c t s - 2Di ffe r e ntki n dsofne ws p a pe r s :t h eki ndt h a t s t r e s s e sc r e di bl ei nf o r ma t i ona ndt heki n dt h a t f oc us e so nt h es t or y - J os e phPul i t z e r :bo u g htt h eS t . Lou i sPos ta nd Di s p at c hi n18 78 - Pu l i t z e r ’ sp a pe r“ a p pe a l e dt ot hepe opl e ” , f oc us e donne wsi n s t e a dofo pi n i on ,we nto nt o b eas uc c e s s f ulpa p e r - Pu l i t z e rbo u gh tt heNe wY or kWo r l di n18 83. Ci r c ul a t i onu nde rh i sgu i da n c ewe n tf r om 1 5 t h ous a ndwh e nhebr o u ghti tt o6 0t h ous a ndi na y e a r .Ne x ty e a ri twa s100 k,a ndn e xtaq u a r t e r mi l l i o n - “ Suc c e s so ft hewo r l dwa sd uet op r i nc i pl e sa nd n o tne wsf e a t ur e so rpr i c e ”hewr o t e - Ne wYor kTi me s : - Re a l l yt o oko ffa f t e r1 896 - Pr e s e nt e dat r u t hf u li ma g eo fNe wYo r ka nd r e por t i n gont hewor l d

Fi s c he r

“ Th eTe l e pho ne I nd us t r y”

- Fi r s tt e l e p hon ec on s t r uc t e db yAl e x a n de r Gr a h a mBe l li nMa r c h,1 87 6 - De r i v e df r om t r y i n gt oi mp r o v et h et e l e gr a p h ( f r omt het e l e g r a pht ot h et e l e p ho ne ) - Theb e g i nn i n gofgr o wt hofmon opo l i e s( i nt he t e l e p ho nei ndu s t r y) - Thee x pon e n t i a le x pa ns i oni nt h ec ons ume rba s e l e a d i n ga si tgr e wi npo pul a r i t yl e a dt oi s s ue si n i nf r a s t r u c t u r ea swe l la su s a bi l i t y( Cr o wde da n d a ffe c t e dph onel i ne sd uet ohe a v yu s e ) - Li k ea n yo t he rp r ofit a b l es e r v i c eorpr od u c t , t h e r ewa sc o r p o r a t ec o nfli c tt ha tf ol l o we dt he r i s eoft e l e ph one s - Al e x a nde rBe l l ,Ga r di n e rHub ba r d ,a ndThoma s Sa nd e r ss t a r t e dma r k e t i n gt h ed e vi c ei nJ ul y , 1 877 - TheBe l lc omp a n yo wn e dt hee q ui p me n ta n dt h e s e r v i c e ,c r e a t i n gamo nop ol y - Be l l ’ sa ffil i a t e st oo ke v e r ya d v a n t a g eoft he i r mo no pol yt ol e vywh a tt h ema r k e tc oul db e a r . I n 1 880 ,Be l lr a i s e di t sc ha r g e sf r o m$40t o$6 0a y e a r . - Ph y s i c i a nswe r ea mo n gt hefir s tt e l e ph oneus e r s b e c a u s ei ta l l o we dt he mt oh e a re me r g e n c i e sbut b us i ne s s me nf or me dt h ep r i ma r yma r k e t .

Wi l l i a ms

“ Dr e a mWor l dsof Co n s u mp t i on ”

- The1 85 5e xp os i t i onf e a t ur e daPa l a c eo f I nd us t r yfil l e dwi t ht oo l s , ma c hi n e r y ,a nd e x hi bi t so fpr odu c t si nv a r i ouss t a g e so f ma nu f a c t u r e - The1 86 7f a i rf e a t u r e dmo r ei t e msi nc l u di n gfir s t d i s pl a y sofa l u mi n um a ndpe t r o l e um d i s t i l l a t i on - Al s oha daHi s t or yo fLa b ore x hi b i ts h o wc a s i n g t ool sf r om a l le r a s - The1 87 8e xp os i t i onf e a t ur e dt hewon de r sof s c i e nt i ficdi s c o v e r y ,e s p e c i a l l ye l e c t r i c i t ya n d p ho t o g r a ph y - I n1 88 9,t h e r ewa sa ne xp os i t i ono nt h eFr e n c h Re v o l ut i o n - Al s of e a t ur e daGa l l e r yofMa c hi n e s( s pi n ni n g wh e e l s , c l a nki n gha mme r s , whi r r i n gg e a r s ) ,t he Ei ffe lTo we r( mo nu me n tc on s i d e r e ds c i e n t i fic , t e c hn ol o g i c a l ,a nda r c hi t e c t u r e ) - Ev e n t u a l l ymor ec on s u me rme r c ha n di s et ha n

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p r odu c t i v et ool sd i s p l a y e d El e c t r i c a ll i g ht i n gwa sa l s ou s e dt op ubl i c i z e a no t he rt e c hni c a lno v e l t y ,t hea u t omob i l e Be g i nn i n gi n1 89 8:o neoft hefir s ta u t omo bi l e t r a d es ho ws :“ Sa l ond el ’ Au t omo bi l ei nPa r i st o i nt r o du c el a t e s tmo de l st ot h ep ub l i c ,4 0, 0 00 p e o pl ea t t e nde di n19 04a tt heo pe ni n g Thee x po s i t i onof1 900pr o vi de sas c a l emo de l o ft hec on s u me rr e v ol ut i on Ma j o rc ha n g e :c ha n g ea n de mp ha s i so n me r c ha n di s i n g 1 900e xp os i t i oni nc a r n a t e sde c i s i v ec on j un c t i on b e t we e ni ma gi na t i v ed e s i r e sa ndma t e r i a lon e s ( dr e a ms / c o mme r c eo rb e t we e ne v e nt so f c ol l e c t i v eu n c on s c i ou sa nde c on omi cf a c t ) La t e19 t hc e nt ur yc a met h ee me r g e n c eo f d e p a r t me n ts t or e s -i n t r o du c e dane ws e to fs oc i a l i nt e r a c t i o nst os hop pi n g Thi se r ama dea ni n c r e a s ei np r od uc t i v i t y t h e r e f o r ear i s ei ni nc o me ,b yc r e a t i n gn e w p r odu c t sa ndl o we r i n gp r i c e soft r a di t i on a lo ne s

Ke l l e r

Ea r l yPho t o j our na l i s m

- 1 890 -WW1f or ma t i v ep e r i od - Fa c t o r sc o nt r i b ut i n gt ot hei n s t i t ut i o na l i z a t i o nof p ho t o j ou r na l i s m - Pho t osi nn e ws pa p e r so r i g i na l l yl os toutt os k e t c h a r t i s t s - Pho t o j our n a l i s mfir s tg a i ne dt r a c t i o nf orus ei n wa r s - Ne e de dmor ea d v a nc e dt e c h no l o gyb e f or ei twa s wi de l ya d a p t e d( i e . s ma l l e rc a me r a s ,h a l f t one b l oc k) - Al l o we da l le v e n t s , e v e nt r i vi a lon e st obe c a p t ur e d( b e f o r eha dt obes k e t c he d ) - Le dt op ho t oa g e nc i e ss e l l i n gpi c t ur e so nb e ha l f o ft hep ho t o gr a phe rt on e ws pa p e r s

Gi t e l ma n

Pho no g r a ph

- Fi r s td e mo ns t r a t e dt ot h ep ubl i cb yThoma s Edi s on - Pho no gr a p hi su s e df orr e c or di n ga ndp r odu c i n g s oun d - Sol do ffi t sno v e l t ya pp e a l - Edi s onc r e a t e dTh eEd i s o nSp e a ki n g Pho no gr a p hCo mp a n ywh i c ha l l o we dh i mt o

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ma k eap r ofito ffo fh i sc r e a t i on. Di ffic ul tt oj ud g ea u di e nc er e s po ns et ot he p hon o gr a p h Wa smor ep opu l a ri ns o mea r e a st ha no t he r s .Fo r i ns t a nc eMi s s i s s i pp ia ndo t he rpa r t soft hes o ut h we r emo r ec on c e r n e dwi t hy e l l o wf e v e r Ex hi bi t i on swe r eh e l db ys e v e r a lo fEd di s ons f r i e n dsa n da s s oc i a t e st ohe l phi mpr omo t ehi s n e wc r e a t i o n Ex hi bi t i on so ffe r e dad e mo c r a t i cvi e wo f“ us ” a nd“ o ur ”s o un ds

St e r ne

“ TheMa ki n go ft he Pho no g r a ph”

- Thefir s tPh ono g r a mwa su s e df orbu s i ne s s - ThePho nos c o pewa sus e df o rpub l i c e nt e r t a i nme nt - The2 ndPh on o g r a mwa sus e df o rdome s t i c e nt e r t a i nme nt - TheGr amo pho nei st hed i r e c ta nc e s t oroft he Phon o g r ap h - Ea s i e rt oma s sp r od uc e , buth a r d e rt ob e h ome ma de ,i nc r e a s i n gp ur c h a s e s - The r ewa sac ha n g ef r o mt he“ p a r l or s ”whi c h we r et r a di t i ona l ,t o“ l i v i n gr oo ms ”wi t hma s s p r odu c e dg o o ds( i nt hemi ddl ec l a s s ) - ThePope( i mpor t a n tpe opl e )c o ul dbr o a dc a s t me s s a g e st ol a r g ea u di e nc e s - Co nne c t i ona p pe a r e db e t we e nr e c or d i n ga n d b r oa d c a s t i n g - Br oa dc a s t i n gi n di c a t e dt i mea n ds p a c e - Ra d i oo rt e l e ph oneb r oa dc a s t i n gwa s o nl yo v e rs pa c e - Thep l a s t i c i t yo ft hes o unde v e n t ( p hon o gr a pho rgr a mo pho ne )i so v e r t i mea nds p a c e

Cz i t r om

“ Ea r l yMo t i o n Pi c t ur e s ”

- Pr o j e c t e dmo t i o np i c t u r ebe c a mear e a l i t yi nt h e 1 890 s - I n1 87 0sa nd18 80ss c i e nt i s t se n g a g e di nt h e i n v e s t i g a t i o no fa ni ma la ndh uma nmo v e me nt t ur n e di nt oph ot o gr a p h ya sar e s e a r c ht oo l - La t e ri n v e n t o r swe r ei ns pi r e dt ot r ya ndc on s t r uc t d e vi c e sc a p a bl eofp r o du c i n gt hei l l u s i ono f mo t i o np ho t o g r a p h y - Ki ne t o g r a ph:Fi r s tmo t i o npi c t ur ec a me r a

- Ki ne t o s c op e :fir s tv i e wi n gma c hi n e .Th i s i n v e n t i onc o ul donl yh a nd l eo neus e ra tat i me , v i e wi n ga35mmwi d emo t i onp i c t ur e . - W. K. LDi c ks on:wa sEdi s on' se mpl o y e ewh o i n v e n t e dbo t ht h eKi ne t o g r a pha ndKi ne t os c o pe - Thee me r g e n c eofni c k e l o de ona sap l a c e d e v o t e dt os c r e e ni n gmo t i onp i c t ur e sme a n tt h a t mo v i e sc ou l dn o ws t a n do nt h e i ro wna sa n e nt e r t a i nme nt . - Mo v i e sr e p r e s e nt e d“t h emos ts p e c t a c u l a rs i n g l e f e a t u r eoft h ea mu s e me nts i t ua t i oni nr e c e nt y e a r s ” . Do u g l a s

Ea r l yRa d i o

Ra d i o / b r o a d c a s t i n g19 20’ s 193 0’ s Cr y s t a lSe t s - Nor ma l l ywa st heu s eo ft e e na g eb o y s - Ke p ti nt h eg a r a g e - Ea r l i e s tr a d i ospe opl ec ou l db u y - Ha dt ob ea s s e mbl e db yt h ec on s u me r - Ea r l y1 92 0s - Ad v e r t i s i n gs upp or t e db r o a d c a s t i n gwa s c ont r o v e r s i a la ndd e ba t e di nt he1 92 0s - Va r i a b l ef r e q u e nc i e s - Op e nbr oa dc a s t e r s - Do me s t i cl oc a t i onu nfix e d - 3St a g e sofl i s t e ni n gi nt he19 20s 1 .DXi n g a .Tr y i n gt ot un ei n t oa sma n y f a r a wa ys t a t i o nsa spo s s i b l e b .Us e dl i s t e n i n gt oi ma gi ne Ame r i c aa san a t i onmor e h a r mo ni o ust ha ti tr e a l l ywa s , y e t e mbr a c i n gi t sdi ffe r e n c e s 2 .Mus i cLi s t e n i n g a .Ha pp e n e da tt hes a met i mea s DXi n g b .Be c a memo r ep opu l a rwhe n l oud s pe a k e r swe r ei mp r o v e d 3 .St o r yl i s t e n i n g a .Sc he dul e dt i mee a c hwe e k b .Ch a r a c t e r swou l de na c tc o me d i c o rdr a ma t i cpe r f or ma nc e s

He y e r

Ra d i oNe ws

Hi l me s

Ra d i oVoi c e s

Fo r na t a l e &Mi l l s

Ra d i oi nt h eAg eo f TV

Or s onWe l l e s TheWa roft heWor l dsb r oa d c a s t - Ar a di obr oa dc a s twhi c hc o n v i n c e da u di e nc e sof a na l i e ni n v a s i on - Kn o wna s” ThePa ni cBr o a d c a s t ” - Fo rpe o pl ewhoha ds t a y e do nt h eb r oa d c a s tt h e wh ol et i mekn e wi twa sas t o r yb e c a us et o wa r ds t h ee ndo ft heb r oa dc a s ti twa sr e v e a l e da sa h a l l o we e np r a nk - Fo rpe o pl ewhowe r es wi t c hi n gb e t we e ns t a t i on s b e l i e v e dt hes t or ywa sr e a ln e ws - Theb r oa d c a s tc o ns i s t e dofmi xofc on s t a n t i nt e r r up t e dmu s i c , ur g e nta n nou nc e me n t s , s o un d e ffe c t s ,a ndme s s a g e sf r o mt h emi l i t a r ya nd g o v e r n me nt( whowe r er e a l l yj u s ta c t o r s ) - Si mul a t e dwh a tc oul dbec a l l e dar a di ov e r i t e - J . Wa l t e rTho mp s o nCo mp a n y :Bi gg e s tr a di o a d v e r t i s i n ga g e nc yi nt h e1 920 ’ s - Ra d i o ’ si mp a c to nAme r i c a nc ul t u r ei nt h efir s t h a l foft het we n t i e t hc e nt ur y - Wa sc r i t i c i z e da saq ue s t i on a bl eme di u mt ou s e a ti t ’ st i meofi n v e nt i on - Br oa dc a s t e d“ h ou s e ho l dt a l ks ”f o rwome n - Po we rs t r u g g l ebe t we e nme na ndwo me n - J WTa pp e a l e dt oa ud i e n c e sws h o wma n s h i pkno wl e d g eo fa u di e n c epr e f e r e n c e s - NBCun de r s t oodt ha tma s ss a l e sr e s u l t sf r o mt he “ t a bl o i dmi nd” - Ma y19 33, a g e n c i e sde vi s e dawa ya r o und n e t wor kc e n s o r s - Bi gna me dv a r i e t ys ho wsb yJ WTpr o v i de dh i g hp r ofil ee nt e r t a i nme nto nNBC, a t t r a c t e dl a r g e a udi e nc e s ,a ndg e n e r a l l ybo os t e dt her e p ut a t i on o ft hen e t wor k . St r a t e gi e sofr a di oi nTVa g e - Wh a th a p pe n st on e wt e c hn ol o g i e swh e nt he y b e c omeol dne ws ? - Ra d i od oe s n ’ td i e - Pe op l ea l wa y swa n tt oma k eo l d e r t e c hn ol o g i e sob s o l e t eb ys a y i n gt hi sn e w

t e c hn ol o g yc a meou t , ki l l i n gt heol don e ( no tn e c e s s a r i l yt r ue ) - Fo r ma ta n dp os i t i o no fo l d e rt e c hnol o gys hi f t s - Pe op l es t i l ll i s t e nt or a di os , j u s tmo r e o f t e ni nc a r st ha na th ome - Mo v e di n t os p a c e swh e r ei twa s “ ba c kgr o undno i s e ” - Sp e c i a l i z a t i onma d er a d i os u r vi v et het e l e vi s i o n e r a Bod d y

Te l e vi s i o nBe gi ns

Br o a dc a s tRe g ul a t i oni nUS-2o pp os i n gPr i n c i p l e s 1 .TheFe d e r a ll i c e nc ei sap r i v i l e g et obr o a dc a s t 2 .Li c e nc ee s t a bl i s h e sa ndp r ot e c t st hep r op e r t y r i ght sofpr i v a t eo pe r a t or so fTV&Ra d i os t a t i o ns Ma nuf a c t ur i n gI nd us t r y - La r g e l yc ha r t e db yl e a de r soft her a d i o b r oa d c a s t i n g TheDe f e n c eo fComme r c i a lTe l e vi s i o n - a Po l i t i c a lPr e s s u r e si nt het e l e v i s i oni ndu s t r y - An t i c ommuni s tRi gh tt os ha pet h ep e r s o ne l la n d p r o gr a mc ont e ntof19 50st e l e v i s i on - 2ma j orCha l l e n g e st oNe t wo r kSo v e r e i gn t y 1 .Br o a d c a s t i n g ’ se c ono mi cr i v a l si n Ho l l y wo od 2 .Ph i l o s o phi c a lna y s a y e r sa ndwo ul d b e r e f or me r si nt hep ub l i cr e a l m Ame r i c a nFa mi l yTa k e st oTV - Cha n g ei nDe mo gr a ph i c sl e a dst oac h a n g ei n wh a tTvs h o ws / c on t e nti spr od uc e d - Mo r es ubu r ba nba s e ds i t c o msi ns t e a dofur ba n b a s e d - Ba b yb oo me r sa l s ob r o u g hto nh u g ec h a n g e s b e c a u s eoft he i rl a r g ema r k e t - TVa u di e nc ewe n tf r om Hi ghi n c omet oMi d dl e t ol o wi n c omef a mi l i e s - TVwa sc on s i de r e d‘ f ur ni t ur e ’

Ca r p e n t e r

Th eNe wLa n g u a g e s

● Ta l ksa b outt e l e v i s i ona sal a n g ua g e ● Asama s sme di u m ● En g l i s hl a n g ua g ea sac ommu ni c a t i onme di um?

○ Me di a t e dc ommu ni c a t i o n ○ Ma s sme d i a t e dc ommuni c a t i on ○ En g l i s ha same d i um?Asama s s me di u m? ○ Se n de r >Me d i um>Me s s a g e>Re c e i v e r ● Te l e vi s i ona si t so wnf or m ○ Tr a n s mi s s i o n ○ Co nt e nt ○ “ t h i si swh yn e wl a n g ua g e s , i ns t e a dof d e s t r o y i n go l do ne s , s e r v ea sas t i mu l a nt t ot h e m”( 2 56 ) ○ Li v eTVha ss o meunc e r t a i n t y Ra d i oi nt h eAg eo fTe l e v i s i on ● Wh a th a p pe n st on e wt e c hn ol o g i e sa st he y b e c omeol dne ws ? ○ Ra d i od oe s n ’ td i e ○ I t sf o r ma ta ndi t spo s i t i on/ r ol es hi f t s ○ Re c or de dp opmu s i c ,DJ s , g e nr e s , l oc a l i z a t i on, s pe c i a l i z a t i o n * No tt r u et ha te v e r yt e c hno l o gyt ha tc ome sou ti sb e t t e r t h a nt h eo l don ef ore xa mp l ep e o pl es t i l lwr i t ewi t hp e n s a ndp e n c i l sa ndt h a tt e c hn ol o gywa si n v e nt e dwa ybe f or e c omp u t e r s , bu tp e opl es t i l lu s ei t . * - Ca r p e n t e rr e a di n gt h e me :r a di odo e s n ’ td i ee v e n t h ou g hTVc a mea l o n g - Fi l m, Ra d i o ,TVa sne wl a n g ua g e s - La n g ua g ei sama s sme di um a ndMa s sme d i um i saLa n g u a g e Di ffe r e n c e sb / wCl a s s r o om a ndTVl e c t u r e 1 .Br e v i t yo ft heTVl e c t u r e 2 .Ab s t r a c tr o l eo fe a c hme d i um ● The new mass media- film, radio, tv - are new languages their grammars as yet unknown ● Both radio and TV offer short, unrelated programs, interrupted between and within commercials ● Of the new languages, TV comes closest to drama and ritual. It combines music, art, language, and gestures rhetoric and colour

● Books and movies only pretend uncertainty, but TV retains this vital aspect of life ● It is significant that of the four media, the three most dramatic media, particularly TV, which combines language, music, art, dance. But they do not exercise the same freedom with time that the stage dares to practice ● Just as radio helped bring back inflection in speech, so film and TV are aiding us in the recovery of gesture and facial awareness- a rich, colourful language, conveying different moods and emotions, happenings and characters, even thoughts, none of which could be properly packaged into words ● The preservation of book culture is as important as the development of TV ○ This is why new languages, instead of destroying old ones, serve as a stimulant to them ■ Only monopoly is destroyed ● A new language is rarely welcomed by the old ● A new language lets us see with the fresh, sharp eyes of the child, it offers the pure joy of discovery Sp i e g e l

Ma ki n gRoo mf o rTV

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TVi sf or" l o we r c l a s s "

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Discussion questions: Consumer Culture:

1. In what ways is consumption / consumer society prevalent on campus? 2. Think through the concourse as a commodity space – what kind of ‘dream worlds’ are there? 3. Think of the Imaginus poster sale, brochures / booths for travel, Starbucks, bookstore, vending machines, video displays, etc. What kinds of ‘worlds’ are being promoted in this space? Social Impact: 1. What does their use and their peers’ use of media say about the current environment. How is their identity grounded? What is their sense of community?

TV:

1. What is the difference, in your experience, between attending a live event (movie, concert, play, sporting event) and watching that event on TV? Or on your phone? - When going to live events there are a lot more tangible elements that are present compared to viewing it at home which makes the experience overall much more engaging and lively. There is just a different atmosphere when you are there in person watching the action instead of watching it on a tiny screen. M 2. How do these different formal structures impact what is being communicated? 3. What can TV do that the live event cannot and vice versa? 4. How do different viewing situations (home, dorm...