TEXT BOOK Review 8th STD Matematics Assignment PDF

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Summary

To evaluation of Text book for students to improve the knowledge and skills based on the content updatation w.r.t the time to time revolution of technologies and modernization in life ...

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CONTENTS

1.

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 3

2.

Text Book (TB) Meaning: ...................................................................................................... 3

2.1.

Definition of Text book ....................................................................................................... 4

2.2.

Need and importance of Text book.................................................................................... 4

3.

Aim of text book: ................................................................................................................... 4

4.

Characteristics of a good Mathematics text book: ................................................................. 5

4.1.

The authors – this qualification and experience: ................................................................ 6

4.2.

Mechanical features of the text book: ................................................................................ 6

4.3.

The subject matter – Its nature and organization: .............................................................. 7

5.

Criteria used for the text book analysis: ................................................................................ 8

6.

The content analysis of the text book is ................................................................................ 8

7.

Evaluating and choosing a text book: .................................................................................... 9

8.

Hunter’s score card points .................................................................................................... 9

9.

Conclusion: ......................................................................................................................... 14

APPENDIX- A CHECKLIST FORMAT FOR EVALUATION OF TEXTS.................................... 15

REVIEW OF TEXTBOOK (EIGTH STANDARD MATHEMATICS) 1. INTRODUCTION The textbook is one of the important aids in the teaching learning process and has occupied a provital role in the education of the school students, and also in the process of education. It can be summed up in one phrase “as is the text book so is the teaching and learning”, The text book should aim at helping the student in the development of personality , open mindedness, critical thinking in order to enable him to discover new knowledge and understand nature.

2. Text Book (TB) Meaning:

 TB is a design for the classroom teaching prepared carefully by experts –Bacon  TB is the standard book for a special branch of study  TB is standard collection of the subject matter that has been prescribed for the particular class.  TB is potent determinant teachers of what, why, how they will teach H.Duglar

2.1. Definition of Text book A book that contains detailed information about

a subject for people who are studying that subject.  Text book is a book of particular subject that is used in the study of that subject especially in a school.  Textbooks are assembled more than they are written. They are not usually written by a single author, nor are they a creative and imaginative Endeavour.  They are in fact, usually specially made by a corporation to follow a set standard curriculum for a school system a larger organization,

2.2. Need and importance of Text book  Text book provides the guidelines for the teachers as well as students  Text book includes all the curricular activities  It implements Classroom learning  It provides sound insight to the teacher in planning the lesson.  It provides materials for drill and practice, self study and independent study  It saves the time and energy of the both teacher and student in searching information as it is the source of the material.

3. Aim of text book: The primary aim of textbook is to enable the students to get the subject matter of a specific subject very easily and also in understandable manner The textbook is the store house, which gives the subject matter in wellorganized manner and

to motivate the student’s critical thinking and

reasoning power of the students.

Thus text book should also contain diagram, pictures, photographs and line diagram. These help the students understand the subject matter clearly. It is also useful to give practical work, assignment and home work to the students so it has become necessary to concentrate on the quality of text book. This is more important for effective teaching. Text book also helps the students to find answer for the quality questions and doubts. If a text book is properly planned and utilized then it will be a useful tool for both the teacher and student. It can help in the following manner. (i)

It gives the meaning and purpose of the teaching learning process.

(ii)

It keeps the teacher on guard against any haphazardness and unnecessary repetition and learning.

(iii)

It facilities and stabilizes student learning.

(iv)

It lays down examples of the manner to be learnt.

(v)

It serves as memory deed for the pupils.

(vi)

It reinforces what the students have learnt orally.

(vii)

It prepares ground for writing.

(viii)

It helps for supplementing pupils language experience.

It serves as a guide to the teacher. 4. Characteristics of a good Mathematics text book: The mathematics textbook is an important source for learning mathematics and it plays a key role in effective teaching and learning. A textbook should stimulate reflective thinking and develop problem-solving ability among students. The textbooks should present real learning situations, which are challenging and interesting for the students and should not render itself as a means of rote learning. The logical and psychological sequence followed in a textbook helps the teacher in presenting the subject matter in an orderly

and systematic sequence. – A good textbook presents a variety of worked out examples on each topic.

It is not only the subject matter and flow of language but the mechanical features like the paper the printing etc…also play an important role in the selection of a text book. According to G. Mallionson the following points should be kept in mind while selecting a text book for junior high school Mathematics. 1. The level of complexity of the text corresponding to intellectual level of the students. 2. The nature of the illustration 3. The style of writing. 4. The suggestions about supplementary activities 5. The clarity and organization of material 6. The provision for individual difference. However there are certain other criteria for a good Mathematics text book.

4.1. The authors – this qualification and experience: Only that person who has a certain amount of experience of teaching subject should be encourage to write a book because he can only be the better judge of teaching learning process. Certain minimum academic qualification should be prescribed for the author.

4.2.

Mechanical features of the text book:

The quality of the paper should be fine, the printing should be appealing and the binding of the text book should be attractive. The size of the print should be according to the students. The book should contain good illustrations

with sketches, diagrams, picture etc… as the Chinese saying goes “one picture is worth a thousand words”.

4.3.

The subject matter – Its nature and organization:

The subject matter should follow the psychological sequence .it should be according to the mental age and interests of the students. Each chapter should start with a brief introduction and end with a summary. The text book should be according to the aims and objectives of Mathematics teaching. There should be harmony of the subject matter. Each lesson should contain practice exercise at the end of the lesson conforming to the following. a.

Application to life situations

b.

Suggested activities

c.

Suggested readings

d.

Experimental work of project

e.

Numerical examples where necessary.



The text book should contain a detailed table of contents and an index



The languages of the matter should be simple and precise



At the end of the book, gloss dry of scientific terms with their English equivalents should be there



Use of community resources should be given due emphasis



Each text book should be accompanied by a laboratory manual or hand book

 

It is better correlated with daily life situations and other subjects too Text book should certain headings and sub-headings in bold type



To facilitate learning, some good methods of learning should be suggested

5.



Only standard terminology is regional languages evolved by central ministry of education and state governments should be used



There must be a teacher’s guide book for each text – book for the help of the teacher



The book should be reasonably priced



The book should also mention teaching aids



It should cover the whole syllabus

Criteria used for the text book analysis:

While during the text book analysis some criteria should be taken into consideration. The analysis is made by considering the mechanical make up or physical factor and content analysis or academic factors of the text book. 1. Size of the text book 2. Quality of the paper 3. Front page of the text book 4. Printing 5. Margin of the text book and 6. Binding.

6.

The content analysis of the text book is o

Selection of content

o

Presentation of content

o

Summary

o

Evaluation

o

Authorship and

o

Reference

7.

Evaluating and choosing a text book:

Score cards and check lists are used to evaluate and select a suitable text book for a course. George hunter has suggested the following score card to evaluate a book. 8. Hunter’s score card points 1.

Educational rank of the author

-

50

2.

Mechanical make up and cost

-

100

3.

Psychological soundness

-

300

4.

Subject matter

-

250

5.

Literary style

-

110

6.

Learning exercise

-

140

7.

Teacher’s help

-

50

8.

Total

= 1,000

Scores must be given to each of the books by evaluating them on the basis of the above aspects. The book which secures maximum score will be selected as a text book.

A) Physical Structure It is important to take into consideration the physical structure and layout of a text book for its significance in education. Layout and design: we must judge whether the course book layout and design are appropriate and attractive for our pupils.  How appealing is the material?  Is it relevant, transferable, task oriented for maximum student involvement?  Is the book easily identifiable by the student?  Is the layout user-friendly and easy to use?  Does the general format of the book facilitate learning? 1) The Mathematics 8 Text book is a concise, well sized book. The copyright is 2018 which makes the textbook up-to-date and relevant. Teachers should be able to get a number of years of use from the book.

The physical size makes it substantial but not overwhelming. The Subject, Mathematics 8, is clearly indicated on the front and back cover. 2) The structure layout colour, size of print and clearly defined goals make it very accessible for learners of this age. 3) The units are colour coded on the bottoms of the page- one colour per each unit and fifth for the appendix. Each unit starts with a review of the subject matter “what you should recall about” Which leads into an introduction of what the student will learn. Each chapter closes with a unit review and practical exercises with solution.

B) Language content and skills: analyze of texts, exercises, activities and tasks in the text and ask yourself, "Are the activities sequenced logically, from simple to difficult, from mechanical to meaningful, and from accuracy to fluency". It is important for secondary school textbooks to utilize a language suitable for the target audience. 1) The language is appropriate and effective for the learners of the 10th class students. Is to understand for both student and teacher. 2) The Spelling, grammar are used perfectly. With the Vocabulary, sentence formation is up to the level of 8th std students.

C) Skills:  Is there a balance of appropriate integrated skills for the level.  Can text used at more than one level of difficulty (heterogeneity-those students that come the class with Less or More knowledge).  Are the pedagogical objectives of the materials are clear. 1) The aims and goals should be clearly outlined for teachers and students. There should be a good mix of theoretical and practical.

2) Text book is developed with the increase of the cognitive level and linked with the higher secondary level. The text should stimulate higher-order thinking without sacrificing a lower cognitive level.

D) Subject and content: Subject and content should be relevant, realistic at least some of the time, interesting and varied.  What topics are included and do they match up to our pupils' personalities, backgrounds and needs. 

Students should be encouraged to participate in various types of learning activities

1. The text book Mathematics 8 includes interesting concepts and other various methods for solving the square & cube root also Factorization. 2. The materials are clear, easy to follow and have well-defined objectives that the whole class can understand. 3. The content is appropriate to the level of 8th since the syllabuses are changed for the 8th and 9th std. 4. Representing Ideas: The ideas include all level of the students slow, fast and average learners. The key ideas are distinct. 5. Known to unknown: The concepts are linked with the previously existing knowledge. 6. This text book has the appropriate examples for the concept. The concepts of the chapter Algebraic Expressions and visualising Solid shapes are related to daily life and environment friendly and chapter introduction to Graphs integrated for understanding the scenario using the statistical data representing though Bar chart, Radial chart with various example. 7. Promoting students thinking about phenomena, experience and Knowledge: The all the chapters like Menstruation which is very useful in

real time to quantify the things with respect to the various shapes along with suitable examples and exercise problems. 8. Encouraging curiosity and inquiry: The Text book help teacher to create a class room environment that welcome learners curiosity and encourages inquiry 9. Each of the Chapters helps in developing the Logical reasoning and to build the scientific attitude. 10. The textbook has been written by Professors and the members of NCERT.

E) Virtual content  Visuals are incredibly important in analyzing a textbook.  They should be high quality and encourage motivation for learning. There should be a good mix of realistic, conventional and hybrid images.  Visuals should be a good Complement to the textual elements of the book 1. ฀The visuals used in the NCERT Mathematics 8 textbook are of great quality, make use of very vivid colors, and can be found in abundance in the book. 2. There is a mix of different types of images used in the text: Photos, graphs, illustrations and hybrid photos. 3. Each unit opens with an image that relates to the content within. 4. It is designed to begin students thinking about the ideas and concepts that will be explored. 5. Many of the images are ones students would see in their everyday life. 6. This is important in establishing significance and accessing student’s prior knowledge.

7. This is very important with the ever-increasing diversity of schools in Karnataka that all students can see themselves represented.

F) Helps Teachers: - Work that our pupils can do on their own. - A basis for homework. - A source of practical teaching ideas and - Preparation time.

G) Helps the Pupils - because it offers them - A sense of purpose, progression and progress. - A sense of security. - Independent and autonomous learning. - A reference for checking and revising.

The unique method to evaluate the text book is through checklist review. The checklist format for text book review is mentioned in the appendix-A for understanding the review of the text book by using the various key factors of the checklist.

9. Conclusion: Thus the text book is an integral part of any educational system. Even in the advanced countries of any the world, where the techniques of teaching learning have advanced a lot the text book is almost the role determinant of what is taught. That text book should not be used as the only source of instructional materials. It should be used as an aid in teaching.

APPENDIX- A

CHECKLIST FORMAT FOR EVALUATION OF TEXTS a. Name of Text

: _________________________

b. Name of Author

:_________________________

c. Student Group Designed for

:_________________________

Sl. No 1

Points Authors include

a. Experts in Second Language Research? b. Classroom Teachers? c. Writers for Children? Adults? 2

Philosophy

a. Agrees to "no one best way" in teaching b. Believes in one specific methodology c. Believes in an eclectic approach d. Promotes positive attitudes 3

Appropriate for Audience: text appears to be intended for

a. Age of learners b. level of proficiency c. Purpose for studying English 4

:

______

: :

Physical Aspects

a. Books and Materials of appropriate size b. Clear Type/Illustrations c. Stimulates Discussion 5

Literary Quality

a. Style of writing is appropriate for student group b. Quality of writing is native-like c. Variety, humor, adventure, action 6

Text Program

a. Sequential development of materials b. Adequate explanations: directions easy to understand c. Variety of activities d. Provides for a range of English proficiency e. Enrichment activities to provide practice for each skill introduced f. Planned introductions of new words and concepts g. Adequate repetition of new words h. Analytical comprehension of reading material

YES

NO

(N/A) Not applicable

Sl. No 6

7

8

9

Points

i. Presentation of Alphabet and sounds j. Systematic teaching of pronunciation and intonation k. Sequential development of oral language l. Oral language production m. Encour...