The Orientalizing Period: Pottery; Architecture PDF

Preview

Summary

Elizabeth Colantoni
Spring 2016...

Description

Orientalizing period: Eastern influences Rise of the polis Large scale Greek colonization takes place Change of pottery style is one of the defining features of this period: Protocorinthian: - radiant pattern at the bottom ProtoAttic pottery: - very local - Ulysses amphora--Odysseus blinding Polyphemus - Nessos amphora---with Nessus and Herakles c. 625-600 BCE - Nessus touching Herakles’ chin = gesture of supplication, begging for mercy - names written next to the figures, identifying them, becomes standard - Greeks are writing again--early Greek, based on the Phoenician alphabet, 8th cent--first poems written down, Iliad and Odyssey - early black figure, outlined and highlighted by incision - has Gorgons, scarier/more refined than the Ulysses amphora ones Architecture: Doric and Ionic Orders of Architecture: -shift from mudbrick/wood to completely stone buildings--mostly for temples--so they can support the weight of the roof -not much evidence of domestic architecture -architecture based on Egyptian structures built of stone, innovations -more clearly in use during the Archaic period, starting to develop more, in 7th cent. BCE Corinth leads in architecture too: Isthmia- Panhellenic sanctuary- controlled by Corinth, games/competitions held • Temple of Poseidon (chief deity of Isthmia) 7th c. BCE: - relatively deep porch - 14x40m - long, skinny, columns in a row, similar to the Temple of Hera - where is the cult statue placed? - whole structure surrounded by columns---->column-aid - columns made originally in wood then replaced with stone columns - terracotta roof - thick stone walls needed to hold up the heavy (terracotta) roof - roof would have been wooden with wooden rafters then covered with tiles, curved and flat (Corinthian) or just curved (Laconian)--tiles mass produced • Temple of Apollo in Thermon c. 625 BCE: - back porch (opisthodomos)

- walls stone at base and built with mudbrick higher up - No direct evidence of the roof structure--probably wood - triglyph (strip-y column) and metope (decorative panel) - Did have an antefix--functional and decorative-served to protect the end of the roof beams from rain--come to be decorative as well, standard on Greek temples - painted decorative panels, some debate about where they were placed - 10 panels found at the site, similar to vase painting from Corinth - Panels showed Khelidon (means swallow) -- 2 women sitting facing each other--Greek myth about Aedon --- the guy who raped his siter in law and cut out her tongue so she weaved a thing for her sister who found her and boiled --- Procne and Philomena (names from Homer period) - at least one of the panels was painted later - one of which is Perseus and Medusa - panels reflected men and gods and hubris Temple and architectural sculpture Prinias, 625-600 BCE -sculptural decoration Second version of the Temple of Hera at Samos (650 BCE): -posts now to the sides of the temple, meaning the cult statue could be seen when walking in -may have had a double row of columns in front of the temple -may reflect Eastern tastes -altar still outside in front of the temple -Stoa: typically Greek building, a long, skinny building with a roof held up by columns with one side closed off with a wall and the other side open---a shelter from the elements, place for people to hang out--also often used for market areas and shops -religious site, not just the single building Temple of Athena, Smyrna c. 600 BCE -built between the Orientalizing period and the Archaic period -walls flat with irregularly shaped stones -temple made of stone -attacked by the Lydians around 600 BCE -temple (incomplete at the time) was sacked, foundation survived, rest of the temple was dismantled -long, skinny -main front porch -cult statue room Column capitals--block found on top of the column mushroom capital found, carved with a leaf pattern -free standing columns as offerings to the gods, also statues forest of columns--Eastern tastes

Sculpture: -male and female sculptures tend to have rope-like hair Mantiklos figurine: - found in Thebes c. 700-675 - very similar to the Geometric style - rope-like hair---will become typical - has an inscription inscribed into his legs, says in poetic words, Mantiklos dedicated me to Apollo, Apollo gave me something in return Warrior figurine: - found in the black earth at Olympia, c 700-675 - wearing helmet, holding spear--celebrating military victory probably - rope-like hair again Daedalic (comes from Daedalus--also said to be a sculptor) figurine c 650-625 BCE: - terracotta sculpture--mold made, multiple similar copies easily--also made of other materials - probably inspired by Eastern depictions of goddesses--come to be associated with Greek goddesses - rope-like hair - triangle head - almond shaped eyes - usually female - focus on the front, made to be seen only from the front - style has close connections with Crete-same as Daedalus Lady of Auxerre (lived there until moved to the Louvre, probably originally from Crete) c. 640 BCE: - limestone Daedalic statuette but on the larger scale - long cylindrical skirt - small waist--in other figurines often accented by a belt - skirt has decorations incised, originally decorated with color - had to the heart-supplication - hair is the dreadlocks again--could be intending to copy an Egyptian wig “Woman at the Window” Mycenae, c. 640 BCE--Daedalic: - has all the other elements of this style - pulls a veil across her--probably intended to be a bride - has curls across her forehead - made of limestone “Nikandre statue” Delos, c. 640 BCE: - made of marble

- full sized, nearly 6 ft tall - has all the other features of Daedalic - very tall, no more than 8 in thick, meant to be seen and appreciated from the front, not the back or side - has message “Nikandre dedicated me to..insert poetic language..” -probably talking about Artemis (found near a Temple of Artemis)-- interesting message, dedicated by a woman, describes herself in relation to the men in her family-shows woman dependent on the men, however, also shows the power of her family in aristocracy - intended to depict Nikandre OR Artemis, unknown “Figurine of a youth” Delphi (Panhellenic sanctuary) c. 625 BCE Daedalic: - all the same features--small waist, triangle face, accordion hairdo, almond eyes, emphasis on the front of the figure - has one foot forward + fists clenched at his side---shows Egyptian influence - body is starting to be fleshed out more...