The Psychology OF Tourism PDF

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The Psychology OF Tourism...

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The PSYCHOLOGY OF TOURISM Learning outcome: At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:

1. discuss the factors that motivate people to travel; 2. elucidate the relationship of needs, wants and motives to tourist motivation; 3. describe the push/pull model; 4. explain the relaton between Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the travel motivations listedintravel literture; 5. describe the characteristics of psychocentric and allocentrics; 6. identfy the characteristics of travelers based on purpose of travel; and 7. analyze the travel constraints.

A. MOTIVATION FOR TRAVEL • Several studies on tourist motivations have listed various reasons why people travel. Some of the motivations listed in travel literature are:

➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

Escape relaxation relief of tension sunlust physical health family togetherness interpersonal relations roots or ethnic maintaining social contacts convicing of one ’s achievements showing one’s importance to others status and prestige self discovery cultural education professional/business wanderlust interest in foreign areas

➢ scenery

B. TRAVEL AS A MEANS TO SATISFY A NEED AND WANT

The key to understand tourist motivation is to view motivation travel as a vehicle to satisfy one’s needs and wants. Tourist do not go on vacation just to relax and have fun, to experience another culture, or to educate themselves and their children; they take vacations in the belief that these vacations will satisfy, either completely or partially, various needs and wants.

C. RELATIONSHIP OF NEEDS, WANTS, AND MOTIVES Needs

awareness

Marketing

Objectives

PUSH/PULL MODEL the Pull/Push model explains the push and pull forces in human motivation. Push factors are intangible desires that generate within the person. Pull factors are external travel stimulators.

wants

MASLOW’S THEORY OF MOTIVATION ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

Self-Actualization (realizing one’s Potential) Self-esteem (self-confidence, recognition) Social Needs (love, belongingness, acceptance) Safety Needs (protection against physical or mental danger) Physiological Needs (Food, drink, rest, shelter)

TRAVEL MOTIVATIONS This hierarchy suggests that lower needs demandmore immediate satisfaction of higher needs. The first need is physical; the other four are psychological. To this original list, two intellectual needs were added 1. To know and understand 2. Aesthetics TOURIST MOTIVATION • The need for escape or change • Travel for health • Social Contact • Status and Prestige • Travel for education • Personal Values • Cultural Experience • Shopping and bargain hunting • Professional and business motives • Search for natural beauty

CLASSIFICATION OF TRAVELERS BASED ON PURPOSE OF TRAVEL A. BUSINESS TRAVELERS Regular Business Travelers Business Travelers attending meetings, conventions, and congress. B. PLEASURE/PERSONAL TRAVELERs incentive travelers • •

Resort Travelers Family Pleasure Travelers

• • • •

Junior Families ü Midrange Families Mature Families The Elderly Singles and Couples.

TRAVEL CONSTRAINTS • Lack of money • Lack of time • Lack of safety and security • Physical disability • Family commitments • Lack of interest in travel • Fear of travel...