THE SATURATED HYDROCARBONS PDF

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Saturated ones are those having a single bond between two carbon atoms or with a hydrogen atom. Some basic saturated hydrocarbon examples are methane and ethane....

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CHAPTER 10: THE SATURATED HYDROCARBONS 1. Select all the element(s) present in hydrocarbons. CARBON AND HYDROGEN 2. Select all of the ff molecular formulas that would be consistent with an acyclic alkane. a. C6H10 b. C100H202 c. C11H22 d. C3H8 3. Match the cycloalkane name on the left with the proper line formula on the right. a. Cyclopropane – b. Cyclobutane –

c. Cyclopentane –

d. Cyclohexane -

4. Matching type a. 5,6 – diethyl-1,1-dimetylyclodecane

b. 1,1-dimethyl-2-propylcyclooctane

c. 3,4-diethyl-1,1-dimethylcyclohexane

5. Identify the IUPAC name for the molecule shown.

trans-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane

6. Select all statements that correctly describe cycloalkanes. They have the molecular formula CnH2n-2 They have the molecular formula CnH2n* They have the molecular formula CnH2n+2 7. What is incorrect about the name assigned to the structure shown? Select all that apply.

a. b. c. d.

The numbering should be 1,3- instead of 1,4-. The name should be cycloheptane instead of cyclopentane. The name should be cyclohexane instead of cyclopentane. The name should be dimethyl instead of methyl.

8. Select all of the structures that are cyclohexane derivatives. Check all that apply. A B C D

9. Properly numbering the positions of the substituents in the molecule shown places the ethyl group on carbon number ______ and the methyl carbon number ______. - 5 and 3

10. Which of the ff structures correctly represents 4,4-diethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane? Select all that apply. A B C

11. What is the relationship between the two compounds shown? Select all that apply. a. The same compound b. Constitutional isomers c. Not isomers

12. Matching type A - Molecular Formula B - Condensed Formula C - Structural Formula D - Line Formula

13. A continuous five-carbon alkyl group is called a(n) _____ group, whereas a continuous eight-carbon alkyl group would be called a(n) ____ group. - Pentyl and octyl 14. Carbon atoms (1), (2), and (3) in the structure shown are classified, respectively as _____________. a. primary, quaternary, and secondary b. Tertiary, quaternary, and primary c. Tertiary, primary, and quaternary d. Primary, quaternary, and tertiary

15. What nomenclature system is used as the standard universal system for naming organic compounds? a. Organic Chemistry b. Binary nomenclature c. ORGNOM d. IUPAC 16. Identify what is indicated by the “pent” part of 2-methylpentane a. The type of functional group present in the molecule b. The identity of the substituent c. The location of the substituent d. The length of the longest continuous carbon chain 17. Select the correct IUPAC name for the acyclic alkane shown. a. Diethylpentane b. 2,4-Diethylpentane c. Dimethylheptane d. 3,5-Dimethylheptane

18. Matching type

19. Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are examples of __________ hydrocarbons. - Aliphatic 20. Match the name of the alkane with its molecular formula.

21. A(n) ______ formula indicates the type and number of atoms in a molecule but does not show how they are connected. a. Condensed b. Empirical c. Molecular d. Structural 22. Use the IUPAC rules of nomenclature to correctly name the compound shown. a. 4,5-diethyl-3,7-dimethyloctane b. 2,3,4-triethyl-6-methylheptane c. 4,5-diethyl-2,6-dimethylocatne d. 4,5,6-triethyl-2-methylheptane

23. Which of the following are considered to be saturated hydrocarbons? a. Alkanes b. Cycloalkenes c. Aromatics d. Alkenes e. Alkynes

24.

25. Which is the correct molecular formula for the molecule whose skeletal structure is shown? a. C7H13 b. C7H16 c. C7H15 d. C7H14 26. Hydrocarbons that contain a benzene ring structure are __________ hydrocarbons. - Aromatic

27.

-

Alkynes

28. Which of the following statements correctly describe functional groups? a. Some functional groups contain both a heteroatom and a multiple bond. b. Some functional groups contain a multiple bond. c. Some functional groups contain only an alkene ring structure. d. Some functional groups contain a heteroatom.

29. Identify the molecular formula for the structure shown. a. C7H16 b. C6H14 c. C8H16 d. C7H14

30.

- Passive, active 31. Identify the properties characteristic of organic compounds. a. Many organic compounds are nonelectrolytes. b. All organic compounds are soluble in water. c. Organic compounds contain covalent bonds.

32. T OR F: All organic compounds are electrolytes. - False 33. Which of the following are characteristics of most organic substances? Select all that apply. a. Contain covalent bonds. b. Nonelectrolytes c. Nonflammable

34. Which of the molecules shown is an alkane? A B C D

35. The bonds characteristic of inorganic compounds are typically ____________ bonds. a. Ionic b. Covalent  Ionic – Inorganic; Covalent - Organic 36. Which statements correctly describe characteristics of inorganic compounds? Select all that apply. a. Ionic inorganic compounds are typically soluble in water. b. Ionic inorganic compounds are composed of positive and negative ions. c. Ionic inorganic compounds have low melting points. d. Ionic inorganic compounds contain covalent bonds.  C is wrong because the higher the intermolecular force found in ionic compounds results in higher melting points. 37. Inorganic substances generally have ______ melting and boiling points and are likely to dissolve in water. Many water-soluble ionic compounds form solutions that _______ electricity. a. low ; do not conduct b. low ; conduct c. high ; do not conduct d. high ; conduct  Ionic substances have high melting and boiling points and form solutions that conduct electricity. 38. Organic substances have ________ melting and boiling points than inorganic substances and are typically _________. a. higher ; polar b. higher ; nonpolar or only moderately polar c. lower ; nonpolar or only moderately polar d. lower ; polar 39.

-

Alkene

40. In organic compounds, the bonds between carbon and another atom are almost always ___________ bonds. a. Covalent b. Ionic  Carbon – carbon bonds are always covalent, and bonds between carbon and other elements are almost always covalent. 41. Which of the following are characteristics of ionic substances? a. Likely to dissolve in water b. Contain covalent bonds c. Conduct electricity in solution d. High melting points 42. Match each alkene with its correct boiling point

43. Which is the correct molecular formula for the molecule whose skeletal structure is shown? a. C7H14 b. C7H13 c. C7H16 d. C7H15

44. Select the correct structural formula for the line formula shown. A B C

45. What is the geometry about carbon atoms in an alkene? a. Trigonal pyramidal b. Square planar c. Tetrahedral d. Bent 46. London dispersion forces are ______. a. Attractions between temporary dipoles of molecules. b. Repulsive forces between neighboring molecules. c. Bonds that link the atoms in an alkane molecule. 47. Branching in an alkane results in a ________ surface area and _______ London dispersion forces compared to an unbranched alkane with the same formula. a. Greater ; weaker b. Smaller ; stronger c. Smaller ; weaker d. Greater ; stronger 48. Hydrocarbons, because of their C-C and C-H bonds, are _______ and ______ in water. a. Nonpolar ; insoluble b. Polar ; insoluble c. Polar ; soluble d. Nonpolar ; soluble

49. -

50. Isomers 51. Select the type(s) of covalent bonds that can be found between carbon atoms in organic compounds. a. Quadruple b. Single c. Double d. Triple 52. Which of the following are sub-classes of aliphatic hydrocarbons? a. Alkanes, alkenes, aromatics b. Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes c. Alkenes, alkynes, aromatics 53. Select the statements that correctly explain why there are nearly limitless numbers of organic compounds. Select all that apply. a. Carbon atoms can form linear chains, ring structures, and branched chains. b. Carbon can form double and triple bonds with other carbon atoms. c. Carbon does not form bonds with other elements such as oxygen or nitrogen. d. Carbon can form stable covalent bonds with other carbon atoms. -

54. Which is true of all reactions involving the combustion alkanes? a. Cyclohexane is always a starting material. b. Oxygen (O2) is always a reagent. c. Water is always a product. d. Methane is always a starting materia

55. Which of the ff structure is 1,3,5 -trimethylcyclohexane? A.

B.

C.

56. Select all the statements that accurately describe constitutional isomers. A. Constitutional isomers differ in the way that their atoms are connected. B. Constitutional isomers differ only by rotation around a single bond. C. Constitutional isomers differ in the way that their atoms are arranged in three dimensions. D. Constitutional isomers have the same molecular formula....