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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME: TARGET 2018 Under the Guidance of M K YADAV

TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

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1.1 TRANSPORT SECTOR IN INDIA: ISSUES & CHALLENGES Capacity issues - Rapid economic growth has increased the burden on transport sec growing freight and passenger traffic leading to congestion  d production  uncompetitiveness.  Lack of seamless inter modal integration - between land, air, wa (eg. Buses, auto, metro, etc.) - No last mile connectivity Prevents efficient & safe mo - Increases dependence on personal vehicles  more c  Low transport efficiency – - Lower speeds due to congestion and overloading eg. Average speed of freight trains is 25 kmph, - Other factors – inadequate infrastructure, te accidents, etc  Lopsided use of mode of transport 

MODE OF TRANSPORT Road Railways Inland Waterways Coastal Shipping  

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SHAR TR

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32%)

s unable to handle  rising cost of hin sector ods

ys) higher cost. For equipments at ports,

SHARE IN TOTAL PASSENGER TRANSPORT (approx.) 86% 14% -

Lack of safety – increase in acc ods. Over 3% of India’s GDP is lost to road accidents annually, amountin 014 Poor maintenance of diffe Lack of Pre-emptive maintenance. All maintenance done after lem. This leads to non uniform standards, hinders service quality, and low conditions of Indian Railways, National and state highways etc Uneven access to eas – rural, hilly, naxal areas, NE States Transport sector nt on conventional sources of energy - ie. Petrol, diesel Lack of integra or tariff setting, issuing safety guidelines, cost of operation, anti-compet - Diffe or different modes with lack of coordination between them eg. Rai ports, DGCA for civil aviation sector, DG of shipping industry - No – most operate under respective ministries eg. DGCA for Aviation sector - Some se atory body – for Road - Different mini dling different sector – Railways ministry, Civil aviation ministry, Road and highway etc. Each se tor has own set of policies, laws, without regard to other sector - Overlapping jurisdiction of Centre and State – multiple and contradictory laws

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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME: TARGET 2018 Under the Guidance of M K YADAV

1.2 TRANSPORT SECTOR: REFORMS NEEDED  

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Need to view transport sector as an undivided whole and then strategise and invest accordingly Arrive at a multi modal mix that efficient, reliable, economical, safe, sustainable, environment friendly – optimum utilization of all modes – roads, rail, IWT, aviation – to prevent congestion, overburdening, and gain fuel efficiency Greater and focussed investment for capacity creation and increased ough safety, modernisation. Reliance on PPP, Public investment, international coo na, US, Germany, Singapore) Regulatory reforms Institutional and organisational changes in apex institutes inv port network eg. Restructuring NHAI, Railway authority, corporatization o l Expressway Authority Pricing and fiscal reforms eg. Rail fare to be rationalized Transport safety – National Transport Policy Develop mmendeds setting up of institutes for road, water, air safety. Also setting ds in each sector Human resource Development Increased, affordable, and inclusive access - p derly, rural, hilly, naxal areas, NE states etc.

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2.1 SECTOR OVERVIEW 

India has 2nd largest road netwo

Name

Respo

National Highways Union Expressways State highways

Un S

sts of

Connects

te capitals

State Capital to District HQ

Remarks 2% of total road network, 40% of total traffic 3% of total road network

District roads

District HQ to tehsil and Blocks

Rural roads

95 % of total road Villages to neighbouring towns network

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Over roads

% of the total passenger traffic in the country are transported through

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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME: TARGET 2018 Under the Guidance of M K YADAV

2.2 ROAD SECTOR: ISSUES, CHALLENGES & SOLUTION 

Road Infrastructure - Project delays – delayed land acquisition, environmental clearances, approval and assigning of contracts, red tape and corruption - Inadequate finances -PPP (BOT) models not commercially viable, he , subdued interest by private sector (hence EPC/HAM is being proposed). Cost overruns eficit. - Poor road quality – unscientifically designed roads, narrow road s and bridges, poor riding quality, congested, unsafe. - Lack of road maintenance - Road maintenance forms just 5% e (US – 48%). Need to measure road quality, improve highway an itional funds for road maintenance (from Central Road Fund)

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Road Transport - Road efficiency –  Multiple taxes (goods, tax, road tax, passeng e this challenge  Multiple toll collection points increases tr nt is made in cash due to lack of E-toll facility  Need to set up E n all National & State highways  Reforms in Motor Vehicles Act to si ent with simplified procedures - Poor Road Capacity - Allow private pro ransport in road segment - Lack of seamless passenger/freight –need to secure consensus on interstate passenger/freight tax, c , greater centre – state and interministerial coordination etc, - Road Safety, vehicle safety –  More than 1.5 lakhs pe accidents ie. 17 death in every 1 hour  Vehicle standards – oducer of automobile in the world, India meets just 2 of the ds identified by the WHO for vehicle design  Need for creation of National Road safety authority/Road Safety board, awaren raining, creation of truck terminals for parking to ease traffic c assage of Motor Vehicle (Amendment) Bill, 2017, standardis nhance preparedness to provide medical services within 10 minu hicular safety standards etc

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Need for Regul - For tarif and co cont - Fo

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expre To eliminat adjudicating body

ndards, quality of services, registration of contracts, monitoring reements, assessment of concession claims, renegotiating of general public and lenders on road projects o address issues of litigation and arbitration arising out of Model n absence of regulator many disputes land in courts (eg. Delhi gurgaon court’s case load f interest – NHAI serves both as rule making, implementing, and

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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME: TARGET 2018 Under the Guidance of M K YADAV

2.3 GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES 

Government initiatives - National Highway Development Plan (NHDP)  Started in 1998, implemented by National Highway Authority of India & National Highways & Infrastructure Development Corporation Lt.  Multi phased programs consisting of  Golden Quadrilateral Project - highway connecting 4  NS-EW – Highway joining Srinagar to Kanyakumari &  Upgrade national highways – 2 lanes to 4 lanes an onnectivity of state capital and districts, centre of economic  Expressways (Access control)  Development of ring roads, bypasses, grade etc. - Roads in North East  Special Accelerated Road Development Prog ims at improving connectivity of district headquarters and re als  Trans Arunachal Highway - Roads in Left wing extremist areas - Rural Roads – Pradhan Mantri Gram Sad habitation above 1000 population with all weather roads - Development of State roads in J&K - Chenani- Nashri Tunnel: 9 km long nnel between Udhampur and Ramban in Jammu & Kashmir is I nel and Asia’s longest bi-directional highway tunnel - Dhola Sadiya Bridge: India’s m long Dhola-Sadiya Bridge over River Brahmaputra in Assam - Indian Bridge Managem ntorise all structures e.g. Bridges and culverts constructed on the Na me-bound action plan to undertake repairs and restoration or constr lace of the decadent structures can take place - Bhoomi Rashi: a W ion related processes - Bharatmala Pari  An umbre ses on optimizing efficiency of road traffic movement.  It will s f NHDP & focus on new initiatives like 1. E pment ( routes that have heavy freight traffic ) 2. of roads connecting more than 2 corridors ) & feeder roads 1 or 2 corridors ) ficiency improvements (through lane expansion, construction of es/ elevated corridors) ational connectivity roads 5 connectivity roads 6. Gre Expressways  With target to build 34,800 kms at an estimated cost of Rs.5,35,000 crore, Bharatmala Phase I - is to be implemented over a five years period of i.e. 2017-18 to 2021-22.

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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME: TARGET 2018 Under the Guidance of M K YADAV -

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Setu Bharatam:  In order to ensure safe and smooth flow of traffic, and to prevent the frequent accidents and loss of lives at level crossings  Aims to make all National Highways free of railway level crossings by 2019. Railway Over Bridges (ROB)/Railway Under Bridges (RUB) will be built at the l l crossings  About 1500 old and worn down bridges will also be improved ment / widening / strengthening. Green Highways  The objective is to reduce the impacts of air pollution a  It also helps in arresting soil erosion at the embankm  Plants along highway median strips and along the e the glare of oncoming vehicles which sometimes s  The community involvement in tree plantation ple by generating employment Other initiatives  Road corridor along Delhi Mumbai Indus  Computerisation of RTOs and DTOs, in  National and State register of Motor  Electronic Toll Collection using RFI plaza  100% FDI under automatic route

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3.1 RAILWAY SECTOR: ISSUES & CH  

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Inadequate investment – lac n, maintenance, technological upgradation of railways assets (tracks, coa way safety architecture Populist pricing policy – erse impact on profitability – as a result freight charges are increased nsportation costs, makes them uncompetitive, causes inflation Outdated and Ove ractice of introducing new trains without commensurate inputs for infras Railways safe stment, Poor infrastructure, Over Utilization of routes, Negligence tenance, Human error , Slow pace of technology adoption/ ent, Accidents at unmanned level crossings, sabotage and encroac lment, collision, fire, asset failure  loss of lives of people and staff Exces ational set up, Political interference – currently Railway board is rule maker, r r all wrapped into one. Human resou o. of vacancies in critical areas, lack of training, motivation, long working hours for drivers  ased productivity & increased chances of human error Poor customer service

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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME: TARGET 2018 Under the Guidance of M K YADAV

3.2 RAILWAY SECTOR: RECOMMENDED REFORMS 

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Railway Modernization (as recommended by Sam Pitroda committee) - Modernise core assets like coaches, tracks, bridges, signals, rolling stock, stations - Track upgradation to enable carrying of heavier freight trains at faster speed - New generation locomotives – Electric and Diesel locomotives - Green toilets, Solar energy run platforms, Trains - Use of ICT- status of train timings, frequency, delays, monitorin social media for image makeover, enhancement of communic services) and improvement in quality of passenger services. - Indigenous production through enhanced railways R&D e - Sourcing world class technology from world leaders – Ja

ommerce, & video

Railway Safety (as recommended by Anil Kakodkar comm - Setting up of an independent statutory Railway Sa - Strengthen present Railway Safety Commission safety inspections - Research Design and Standards Organisation and unable to absorb new technologies. Must be given greater au - Setting up Research and Development Co search centres under it. To be manned by expert, technologists, scient ailway minister. 2% of annual Railway revenue to be allocated for R& - Installation of advanced signalling s - All new coaches to be of LHB desi or present speeds - Elimination of all manned and u within 5 years, by constructing Railways Over-Bridges and underpasse - Monitoring of bridges for s ore than 100 yrs old, 32 bridges in distressed conditions - Upgradation and maint - Dedicated freight cor senger train corridors – separating Passenger and Freight traffic, bett d waiting time. Resource mobilization + Bibek Debroy committee) - Non lapsable s out of safety cess/ Modernization surcharge from passengers ed manner - Increase r flation and fuel prices - Disinves - Comm y land bank and air space - Me al Budget - T counting - A n running freight and passenger trains, PPP, FDI (except in operations), Foreign nological know how (DMIC (Japan), Bullet trains (China)) - Set up invest mmittee with help of RBI and SEBI to use platforms like INVIT, NBFC etc to finance investment

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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME: TARGET 2018 Under the Guidance of M K YADAV 

Reforming Organizational set up (Rakesh Mohan + Sam Pitroda + Bibek Debroy committee) - Corporatization of Indian railways into Indian Railways corporations (IRC) - Separation of Regulatory, Management, Policy making functions all currently vested in Railway board - Regulatory function to be vested in an independent statutory Railway gulatory Authority of India to regulate IRC activities as a monopoly supplier of rail service - Management function to be carried out by a reformed Railway B I. Reorganise Railway board along business discipline eg. ment, freight, passenger service, IT, HR etc II. Chairman as CEO III. Parliamentary liasoning function to be vested in B to attend to other important business issues. IV. Decentralization - Empower Zonal railways a - Policy making function in apex Governance board w overnment, civil society, experts, users, financier, PPP players (Ra ent to GB) - Separate freight and passenger operations - Review of Railway act and Railway board act ms - Railways Tariff Regulatory Authority in or ng field to all stakeholders. - Railway should focus on core areas – no s, catering, police force, production & construction units

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Human Resources – All group A services HMIS, training, timely recruitment, lat

hnical & Non Technical services, m, family welfare of staff

3.3 KEY INITIATIVES UNDERTAKEN BY 

Finance & Administration - Introduction of dynamic - Piloted merger of Rail - Budget 2018-19  Scaling up inv capacity cre  Increasing - 100% FDI in r - Rashtriya R railway sa - Railway  F  -

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t s to ~Rs 1, 50,000 cr (vis a vis 2013-14) aiming at g Safe’’ and ‘‘Train Protection and Warning System’’ gh automatic route non-lapsable corpus of about ₹1, 00,000 cr to fund works for

ent Fund (RIDF) Rail Infrastructure; independent of Railway Budget. nsion, insurance and sovereign wealth funds and provide for entire just Ministry of Railways Ra ning Organisation to develop corporate medium term and long term plan, identify portunities, standardize economic easements of projects and propose optimal mod ncing Setting up an inde endent regulator, Rail Development Authority comprising Chairman and three Members, with advisory role on

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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME: TARGET 2018 Under the Guidance of M K YADAV

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 Pricing of services commensurate with costs  Protection of consumer interests  Promoting competition, efficiency and economy  Benchmarking of service standards against international norms  Suggesting measures for human resource development Research & Development - Shrestha: New R&D organisation to serve the future technology - Sutra: World class data analytics, simulation softwares, netwo s support systems Adoption of New Technologies - Train Protection Warning System (TPWS)/ Train Collisio S) to prevent accident due to over speeding & passing signal at dan - Decision to switch over to 100 % manufacture of LH - Introduced and proliferated Global Positioning Sy ss device’ which displays the name and distance of approaching marks in advance - Discharge free Railways – bio-toilets in all coa Speeding up Track Renewal- 50% increase in ra 013-14 and 2017-18 Elimination Of UMLCs - Target of Eliminating All Unmanned Le 2018 - Until the time this is achieved, in the ways will deploy Gate Mitras ie. persons will be deployed at a UML ers about approaching trains ‘Mission Zero Accident’ announced u sisting of 2 sub-missions: - Elimination of unmanned level oad gauge tacks - Train Collision Avoidance Sys Other Initiatives - Introduced India’s fastes @ 160 kmph - Launched new trains p customer needs – Tejas, Humsafar, Mahamana and Antyodaya train - Project Swarn – 14 di trains were identified to significantly improve passengers expe rn” - All capital citie tates to be connected with broad gauge lines by 2020 - Formed ‘Nat tion’ to undertake high speed railway construction between M llet Train) - Dedicat roject - It involves the construction of six freight corridors. - Settin net enabled Kiosks at more than 5000 stations - Laun Rs. 41000 crores in through energy efficiency and procurement op - E am coined as IROne-ICTS (Indian Railways One Information and Comm ogy System) to be launched - A new Integ bile App ‘Rail Saarthi’ launched which provides various services viz. Rail eticket booking, un served ticketing, complaint management, Clean my Coach, passenger enquiry

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QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME: TARGET 2018 Under the Guidance of M K YADAV -

RailCloud - It is a virtual server with an inbuilt security system that will enable faster connectivity at a reduced cost NIVARAN-Grievance Portal - It is the first IT application to be launched on the RailCloud for resolution of service related grievances of serving and former railway employees. Smart Freight Operation Optimisation & Real Time Information (SF RTI) App for tracking monitoring and managing freight and passenger trains on Geograp ation System (GIS). MOU signed by Ministry of Railways with Ministry of Housing an integrated planning for station redevelopment projects in cities identified Cashless treatment Scheme in Emergency (CTSE) - To provi ed Railway employees in ‘Golden Hour’

3.4 NEW METRO RAIL POLICY  

Policy framed by - Urban Development Ministry Key features - PPP component is mandatory for availing centra projects. - Provides following models for states seeking with help of Centre  PPP model with central assistance under cheme of the Finance Ministry  Grant from the Centre under which 1 uld be given as a lump sum  50:50 equity sharing model betwee vernments - Three broad PPP models –  Design-Build-Finance-Operate Private players to operate se ing stock  Maintenance and upgrade - It mandates Transit Oriented omote compact and dense urban development along metro - States empowered to ma nd set up permanent fare fixation authorities. - Corporate bonds to be low-cost debt capital. - Sates may use innova s such as ‘value capture financing’ and ‘betterment levy’ - Every proposal fo sarily include proposals for feeder systems that help to enlarge the cat o station to at least 5 km, to ensure last mile connectivity. - It stipulates r n by independent third party - Mandatory Metropolitan Transport Authority (UMTA...