Throwing Off Asia and The Cold War in East Asia PDF

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This lecture explores The Cold War in East Asia....

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Thr owi ngoffAsi a I daPr ui t t( 18911985)

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Born to a Baptist mission family in the coastal town of Penglai on the Shantung peninsula. Her girlhood, documented in her autobiography, A China Childhood, was spent in a small inland village where the Pruitts were the only Western family.

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Ida’s early education was immersed in the culture of a traditional Chinese village longer than most missionary children. Her fluent Chinese was the “earth- language” of the North China peasantry. Her attitudes, behavior, and values were as much those of her Chinese amah who cared for her daily needs. Ida’s bicultural identity was rare in turn-of-the-century China.

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After attending Cox College in College Park, Georgia (1906–1909), Ida later completed a B.S. from Columbia University Teachers' College in New York City (1910). When her brother John died, Ida returned to China to be with her family and became a teacher and principal of Wai Ling School for Girls in Chefoo (1912–1918). In 1918, she returned to the United States to pursue a postgraduate degree in social work in Boston and Philadelphia until hired by the Rockefeller Foundation in New York as head of the Department of Social Services at the Peking Union Medical College(PUMC) where she remained until having to evacuate China in 1938.

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During the Japanese occupation of China (1937–1945), Ida assisted Rewi Alley as he organized the Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. –

The CIC was formed to organize cooperative factories throughout the countryside to support China's industry. Schools were built to train the Chinese (often crippled or orphaned) to work in and manage the factories.

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Indusco, the fundraising arm of the CIC in the United States, was formed, and Pruitt served as its executive secretary from 1939 to 1951.

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Perhaps Ida’s most enduring contribution were her two books about traditional Chinese women. A Daughter of Han: The Autobiography of a Chinese Working Woman, from the story told her by Ning Lao T’ai-t’ai, is the product of many conversations over several years with a peasant woman in her domestic service. It is oral history and women’s history several decades before the rise of either discipline. Ida’s other book, Old Madam Yin: A Memoir of Peking Life, is a reflection of her longstanding friendship with a member of the Chinese gentry.

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Ida’s Chinese women friends have tragedy and defeat in their lives, but also personal

triumphs and satisfactions. Old Lady Ning and Old Madam Yin are testimony to Ida Pruitt’s confidence in the Chinese people.

TheCol dWarWor l di nEastAsi a Cold War chronology 1945 : Nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Soviet invasion of Manchuria. 1947 : Marshall Aid to Western Europe. Stalin refused aid for Eastern Europe. 1948 : ‘Reverse Course’ in Allied Occupation of Japan and Korea 1948 : Start of the Berlin Blockade. US responds with ‘Berlin Airlift’ (ended in 1949) 1949 : NATO established. USSR exploded first nuclear fission bomb. 1949 : Communist victory in China (under Mao). 1950 : Korean War begins. 1950: First American advisors sent to aid French troops in Indo-China (Vietnam)

1952 : US exploded first hydrogen bomb. 1953 : Korean War armistice (still ongoing). USSR exploded hydrogen bomb. Stalin dead. 1955 : Warsaw Pact created. ‘Peaceful coexistence’ called for. 1955 : Bandung Conference. Sukarno, Nassar, Nehru. Third-force neutralism. Origins of Non-Alignment Movement . 1956 : Hungary revolts against USSR. Soviets invade. 1959 : Communist victory in Cuba (under Castro). 1960 : Sino-Soviet Split 1961 : Military aid sent to Vietnam by US for the first time. Berlin Wall built. 1962 : Cuban Missile Crisis (13 days). 1963 : Huge increase of American military aid to Vietnam.

1964 : First Chinese nuclear fission bomb. 1965 : US troops openly involved in Vietnam. 1966 : Start of the Cultural Revolution (China) 1968 : USSR invades Czechoslovakia. 1968 : Anti-Vietnam protests reach peak in Europe, the United States and Japan (18 million in Japan alone). 1976 : End of Cultural Revolution (Gang of Four). 1975 : US withdrawal from Vietnam. 1979 : USSR invaded Afghanistan. 1986 : Meeting in Iceland between Gorbachev and Reagan. 1989 : Fall of the Berlin Wall; Suppression of Tiananmen Square Protests The Cold War was about power not ideology ‘Operation Crossroads,’ Bikini Atoll, 1946 Taiwan: The Forgotten Cold War Island Chinese Civil War •

A pril 1927 – (effectively) May 1950

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N o armistice or peace treaty signed

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Cr oss-strait relations

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Ta iwan Relations Act (signed by Jimmy Carter 10 April 1979)

• ecently – Japanese Taiwan Relations Act ( The Diplomat 20 Feb 2014) Taiwan During the Pacific War

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C olony of Japan (1895-1945)

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K ominka Movement (1937-1945) •

C ampaign to transform the Taiwanese into loyal subjects of the Emperor

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R ecruitment of Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman (Taiji Ribenbing, 台籍日本兵)

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20 7,183 volunteered out of the initial request of 10,000

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Te ruo Nakamura (Attun Palalin , Lee Guang-hui, 李光輝) * In Jakarta, Indonesia * Did not surrender until 1974...