Title | Tooth Morphology |
---|---|
Author | Thandolwethu Khumalo |
Course | Oral biology |
Institution | University of the Western Cape |
Pages | 7 |
File Size | 201.2 KB |
File Type | |
Total Downloads | 27 |
Total Views | 129 |
OBI Tooth morphology...
Tooth Morphology Question
Answer
Primate Spaces
interproximal spaces between the primary teeth, and is necessary for the proper alignment of the future permanent dentition
Bruxism
Grinding
Cervical Ridge
present on both the labial and lingual surfaces of anterior teeth and on buccal surfaces of the molars.
Roots (primary teeth)
narrower and longer than the crown length.
Resorption
The process that occurs when the roots of deciduous teeth dissolve or give way for the forming, erupting permanent teeth.
Pulp Cavity(primary teeth)
pulp chambers and pulp horns are relatively large in proportion to those of the permanent teeth, especially the the mesial pulp horns.
Primary dentition
functions in aesthetics, mastication, and speech for a child for about 5 to 11 1/2 years. These teeth also serve to hold the eruption space for the succedaneous permanent teeth, which will replace the primary.
Nighttime use of baby bottle or sugar on a pacifier
Considered in a child with extensive acute caries of the primary teeth, which is generally called "baby bottle mouth"
Maxillary Central Incisor (Permanent, eruption time and #'s)
Eruption: 7-8 #'s: 8 & 9
Maxillary Lateral Incisor (Permanent, eruption Eruption: 8-9 #'s: 7 & 10 time and #'s) Maxillary Centrals (Permanent, eruption time and #'s)
Eruption: 11-12 #'s: 6 & 11
Maxillary 1st Premolars (Permanent, eruption Eruption: 10-11 #'s: 5 & 12 time and #'s) Maxillary 2nd Premolars (Permanent, Eruption: 10-12 #'s: 4 & 13 eruption time and #'s) Maxillary 1st molars (Permanent, eruption time and #'s)
Eruption: 6-7 #'s: 3 & 14
Maxillary 2nd molars (Permanent, eruption time and #'s)
Eruption: 12-13 #'s: 2 & 15
Maxillary 3rd molars (Permanent, eruption time and #'s)
Eruption: 17-12 #'s: 1 & 16
Mandibular Central (Permanent, eruption time and #'s)
Eruption: 6-7 #'s: 24 & 25
Mandibular Lateral (Permanent, eruption time and #'s)
Eruption: 7-8 #'s: 23 & 26
Mandibular Canine (Permanent, eruption time and #'s)
Eruption: 9-10 #'s: 22 & 27
Mandibular 1st Premolar (Permanent, eruption time and #'s)
Eruption: 10-12 #'s: 21 & 28
Mandibular 2nd Premolar (Permanent, eruption time and #'s)
Eruption: 11-12 #'s: 20 & 29
Mandibular 1st Molar (Permanent, eruption time and #'s)
Eruption: 9-10 #'s: 19 & 30
Mandibular 2nd Molar (Permanent, eruption time and #'s)
Eruption: 14-15 #'s: 18 & 31
Mandibular 3rd Molar (Permanent, eruption time and #'s)
Eruption: 18-25 #'s: 17 & 32
Cingulum
a bulge or prominence of enamel found on the cervical third of the lingual surface of an anterior tooth
Cusp
a pronounced evaluation on the occlusal surface of a tooth terminating in a conical or rounded surface.
Cusp of Carabelli
the "fifth cusp located on the lingual surface of many maxillary fist molars.
Fissure
a fault occurring along a developmental groove caused by incomplete or imperfect joining of the lobes. When two fissures cross they form a pit.
Fossa
a rounded or angular depression of varying size on the surface of a tooth.
Lingual Fossa
a broad, shallow depression on the lingual surface of an
incisor or cuspid. Central fossa (maxillary a relatively broad, deep angular valley in the central portion molars) of the occlusal surface of a mandibular molar. Triangular Fossa
a comparatively shallow pyramid-shaped depression on the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth, located just within the confines of the mesial and/or distal marginal ridges.
Groove
a small linear depression on the surface of a tooth.
Developmental groove
a groove formed by the union of two loves during developmental of the crown.
Supplemental groove
an indistinct linear depression, irregular in extent and direction, which does not demarcate major divisional portions of a tooth. These often give the occlusal surface a wrinkled appearance.
Incisal Edge
formed by the junction of the lingual surfuces of an anterior tooth. This edge does not exist until occlusal wear has created a surface linguoincisally.
Lobe
a developmental segment of the tooth. As lobes develop they coalesce to form a single unit.
Mamelon
a rounded prominence on the incisal ridge of a newly erupted incisor.
Ridge
a linear elevation on the surface of a tooth.
Cusp Ridge
an elevation which extends in a mesial and distal direction from the cusp tip. Cusp ridges form the buccal and lingual margins of the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth.
Incisal Ridge
the incisal portion of a newly erupted anterior tooth
Marginal Ridges
elevated crests or rounded folds of enamel which form the mesial and distal margins of the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth and the lingual surfaces of the anterior teeth.
Oblique Ridges
elevated prominences on the occlusal surfaces of a maxillary molar extending obliquely from the tips of the mesiolingual cusp to the distobuccal cusp.
Triangular Ridges
prominent elevations, triangular in cross section, which extend from the tip of a cusp toward the central portion of hte occlusal surface of a tooth. Named for the tooth for the cusp to which they belong.
Transverse Ridges
made up of the triangular ridges of a buccal and lingual cusp which join to form a more or less continuous elevation extending transversely across the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth.
Sulcus
an elongated valley in the surface of a tooth formed by the inclines of adjacent cusps or ridges which meet at an angle.
Functions of Primary Dentition
-Mastication of food -Reserve space for permanent dentition -Support for clear speech
Tooth Emergence (Birth)
Birth up to 6 to 8 months no teeth visible in mouth
Tooth Emergence (Begin to erupt)
From 6 to 8 months through 2 to 2 1/2 years all primary teeth should be visible in mouth.
Tooth alignment in primary dentition
Interproximal spacing is important between the primary teeth
Mesial Drift
Tendency for more posterior teeth to shift forward with the absence of a proximal contact.
Maxillary Central
widest tooth mesial-distally of any anterior tooth. most prominent tooth in permanent dentition one pulp canal with 3 pulp horns common location for supernumerary
Maxillary Lateral
Greatest variation in form of any permanent tooth except for 8s. Most frequently feature a platogingival groove which is a site periodontitus.
Maxillary Centrals
Longest tooth in maxillary arch Carries usually does not occur-shape is self-cleansing. Functions as the corner stones of the mouth, giving support to facial muscles and helping maintain vertical dimension.
Maxillary 1st Premolar
Is the only premolar that may have 3 roots- buccal root will bifurcate at apical 1/3.
Maxillary 2nd Premolar Both cusps are nearly equal in size. Maxillary 1st Molar
Largest tooth overall with largest crown Cusp of Carabelli Most periodontally fragile tooth May exibit buccal tilt
Maxillary 2nd Molar
Maxillary 3rd Molar
No standard form and often appears as developmental anomaly. Occludes with only 1 opposing tooth Instrumentation difficult Oral Hygiene difficult May remain impacted due to insufficient arch growth
Primary Molars
-Occlusal table appears more restricted buccal lingually appear more narrow than wider from back to front more notable on mandibular. -roots flared beyond crown outline to allow space for developing permanent crown.
Primary Maxillary 1st molar
3 rooted,palatal(lingual) root longest
Primary Maxillary 2nd molar
may exhibit a cusp of carabelli
Fused Roots
roots with no seperation
Fusion
the joining of 2 tooth buds to form 1 large tooth. Usually exhibits a large crown with a single root containing 2 canals
Concrescense
2 fully formed teeth that have become joined at the cementum.
Accessory Root
more that normal number of roots.
Hypercementosis
Excessive cementum formation after a tooth has erupted.Generally located on t he apical 1/3 to 1/2 of the tooth root.
Cervical Enamel Project (CEP)
Enamel projection that extends from the cervical are apically.
Grade I CEP
enamel slight extension toward the furcation
Grade II CEP
enamel that extends to near the area of root trunk separation.
Grade III CEP
enamel that extends into area of root trunk separation or furca *Periodontal fibers will not attach to enamel. These areas may become site of localized periodontal disease.
Enamel Pearl
Droplet or "Pearl" shaped enamel formation found on the root surface. Most frequently seen in the maxillary molars. *Periodontal fibers will not attach to enamel. These areas may also become sites of localized periodontal disease.
Dilaceration
A sharp bend or curvature in the root surface. Caused by root displacement during tooth development.
Ankylosed Tooth
Abnormal calcification of the periodontal ligament resulting in abnormal fixation of a tooth.
Grade I Involvement
Pocket formation into the fluting of the furca,but the interradicular bone is intact. No gross or radiographic evidence of bone loss.
Grade II Involvement
Interradicular bone is destroyed on one or more aspects of the furcation,but a portion of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament remains intact.
Grade III Involvement
The furcation is occluded by gingiva but the interradicular bone had been destroyed so that a probe can be passed through from one surface to the other.
Grade IV Involvement
The periodontium is destroyed to such a degree that the furcation is open and exposed and clinically visible.
Static Oclussion
can be efficiently observed in occluded study casts and seen directly in the oral cavity when the lips and cheeks are retracted
Functional Oclussion
consists of all contacts during chewing, swallowing, or other normal action
Mesognathic Retrognathic Prognathic
Labioversion
A tooth that has assumed a position labial to normal.
Linguoversion
Position lingual to normal.
Buccoversion
Position buccal to normal.
Supraversion
Elongated above the line of occlusion.
Torsiversion
Turned or rotated.
Infraversion
Depressed below the line of occlusion, for example, primary tooth that is submerged or ankylosed.
Class I or Neutroclusion
Crowded maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth.Protruded or retruded maxillary incisors.Anterior crossbite.Posterior crossbite.Mesial drift of molars resulting from premature loss of teeth.
Description - Mandibular teeth posterior to normal position in their relation to the maxillary teeth.Facial Profile Class II or Distoclusion Retrognathic; maxilla protrudes;mandible appears retruded or weak. The mandible is retruded and all maxillary incisors are protruded.Conditions that frequently occur in Class II, Class II or Distoclusion Division 1 malocclusion: Deep overbite, excessive overjet, Class II, Division 1 abnormal muscle function (lips), short mandible, or short upper lip. The mandible is retruded, and one or more maxillary incisors are retruded.Conditions that frequently occur in Class II or Distoclusion Division 2: Maxillary lateral incisors protrude while both Class II, Division 2 central incisors retrude, crowded maxillary anterior teeth, or deep overbite. Class III or Mesioclusion
Prognathic,The buccal groove of the mandibular first permanent molar is mesial to the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first permanent molar by at least the width of a premolar.
Primate Spaces*
Mandibular: Between mandibular canine and first molar (Figure 16-13A).Maxillary: Between maxillary lateral incisor and canine
Without Primate Spaces.
Closed arches.
Terminal step
The distal surface of the mandibular primary molar is mesial to that of the maxillary, thereby forming a mesial step First permanent molar erupts directly into proper occlusion
Terminal Plane ?
The distal surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular primary molars are on the same vertical plane. First permanent molars erupt end to end. mandibular primate space, early mesial shift of primary molars into the primate space occurs, and the permanent man
are those made outside the normal range of function.They result from occlusal habits and neuroses.They are Parafunctional contacts potentially injurious to the periodontal supporting structures, but only in the presence of dental biofilm and inflammatory factors.They create
Functional contacts
are the normal contacts that are made between the maxillary teeth and the mandibular teeth during chewing and swallowing. Each contact is momentary, so the total contact time is only a few minutes each day.
Pathologic Migration
With destruction of the supporting structures of a tooth as a result of periodontal infection, and with a force to move a tooth weakened by disease and bone loss, migration of the tooth can result.Pathologic migration occurs when disease is present.
Trauma from Occlusion
Periodontal tissue injury caused by repeated occlusal forces that exceed the physiologic limits of tissue tolerance
Primary trauma
Excessive occlusal force is exerted on a tooth with normal bone support.
Secondary trauma
Excessive occlusal force is exerted on a tooth with bone loss and inadequate alveolar bone support.The ability of the tooth to withstand occlusal forces is impaired. A tooth has lost the support of the surrounding bone.
Trauma
changes in function tooth not disease.
Clinical Findings That May Occur in Trauma from Occlusion 1
Tooth mobility. Fremitus.Sensitivity of teeth to pressure and/or percussion. Pathologic migration.Wear facets or atypical incisal or
Clinical Findings That May Occur in Trauma from Occlusion 2
occlusal wear.Open contacts related to food impaction.Neuromuscular disturbances in the muscles of mastication. In severe cases, muscle spasm can occur.Temporomandibular joint symptoms....