Bacteriology Virulence Colony Morphology ETC PDF

Preview

Summary

Streptococcus pneumoniae Lancet-shaped/ bullet- shaped diplococci Neisseria gonorrhoea Kidney bean-shaped diplococci within PMN Neisseria meningitidis Bean-shaped diplococci Bacillus anthracis Disjointed bamboo fishing rod/ box-car morphology Clostridium tetani Drumstick/ Lollipop/ Tennis Racket (du...

Description

COMMON NAME/S Anthrax Bacillus Bang’s Bacillus Battey Bacillus Bordet- Gengou Bacillus Duval’s Bacillus Foam Loving Bacteria Frankel’s Bacillus/ Gas gangrene Bacillus Fried Rice Bacillus Friedlander’s Bacillus Glander’s Bacillus Gram Negative MRSA Hansen’s Bacillus Hay Bacillus Hoffmann’s Bacillus

BACTERIA Bacillus anthracis Brucella abortus Mycobacterium intracellulare Bordetella pertussis Shigella sonnei Aggregatibacter aphrophilus Clostridium perfringes

Bacillus cereus Klebsiella pneumoniae Burkholderia mallei Acinetobacter baumanii Mycobacterium leprae Bacillus subtilis Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum JK Bacillus Corynebacterium jeikeium Corynebacterium Kleb- Leoffler’s Bacillus diphtheriae Koch’s Bacillus/ Tubercle Mycobacterium Bacillus tuberculosis Haemophilus aegypticus Koch-Week’s Bacillus New Castle Manchester Shigella boydii Bacillus Pfeiffer’s Bacillus Haemophilus influenzae Plague Bacillus Yersinia pestis Raddish Bacillus Mycobacterium terrae Shigella dysenteriae Shiga Bacillus Shigella flexneri Strong’s Bacillus Mycobacterium gordonae Tap Water Bacillus Clostridium tetani Tetanus Bacillus/ Iron Loving Bacillus/ tack head Bacillus Von Ermengen’s Bacillus/ Clostridium botulinum Canned Good Bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei Whitmore’s Bacillus Mycobacterium kansasii Yellow Bacillus/ Cross Barred Bacillus

BACTERIA Staphylococci Micrococci

DESCRITION Grape-like in clusters In tetrads

Streptococcus pneumoniae Lancet-shaped/ bulletshaped diplococci Kidney bean-shaped Neisseria gonorrhoea diplococci within PMN Bean-shaped diplococci Neisseria meningitidis Disjointed bamboo fishing Bacillus anthracis rod/ box-car morphology Clostridium tetani Drumstick/ Lollipop/ Tennis Racket (due to terminal swollen spore) Terminal Swollen spore Clostridium ramosum Corynebacterium Club shaped/ pallisade/ diphtheriae side by side/ picket fence/ x, y, v, l/ Chinese letter appearance With Babes Ernst Granules Mycobacterium leprae Cigar packet arrangement Safety pin appearance due Yersinia pestis to bipolar staining (Wayson’s) Klebiella/ Safety pin appearance due Calymmatobacterium to accumulation of polar granules (Wright’s/ granulomatis Giemsa) + Donovan Bodies (Giemsa) Vibrio Comma-shaped bacillus Campylobacter S-shaped bacillus/ wings of seagull appearance School of fish appearance/ Haemophilus ducreyi fingerprint appearance Faint bipolar staining Francisella tularensis Poor staining Legionella characteristic Streptobacillus Strings of bead appearance moniliformis Cardiobacterium hominis Rosette arrangement Propionebacterium acnes Log jam arrangement Bifidobacterium Bifid/ bifurcated ends Resembles Bone-shaped dog biscuits Fusobacterium nucleatum Toothpick-like appearance Leptospira Tightly coiled with one or both ends bent to form hook/s Loosely coiled Borrelia Chlamydia trachomatis “Halberstadter Prowazeik” inclusions Rickettsiaceae Blue (Giemsa) Red(Machiavello) Reddish black (Gimenez) Morulae within WBCs Ehrlichia

BACTERIA

COLONY MORPHOLOGY Butyrous appearance Staphylococcus aureus Medium sized creamy/ oily appearance Golden yellow pigment Staphylococcus albus White pigment Staphylococcus citreus Lemon yellow pigment Streptococcus Small pinpoint colonies Young colonies- dome shaped Streptococcus pneumoniae Old colonies- nail head/ crater-like/ checker Milleri Streptococci/ Butterscotch/ caramel odor Mcroaerophilic Streptococci Moraxella catarrhalis “Hockey puck” colonies “Beaten egg white consistency Medusa Head colonies/ lion head/ cut glass appearance Bacillus anthracis Strings of pearl colonies

Clostridium perfringes Clostridium botulinum

Inverted fir tree/ inverted pine tree Target Hemolysis/ Double zone hemolysis “Mother of Pearl” “gas on water” appearance Horse stable/ barnyard odor

Clostridium difficile Listeria monocytogenes Erysopelothrix rhusiopathiae Corynebacterium diphtheriae Corynebacterium minutissimum Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium xenopi Escherichia coli Klebsiella pnuemoniae Enterobacter Proteus Yersinia pestis Yersinia enterocolitica Serratia marcescens Serratia rubidea Serratia odorifera

“CHARTREUSE” fluorescence Inverted Christmas tree/ umbrella like appearance Test tube brush/ bottle brush/ Pipe cleaner pattern of growth Gray to black colonies “Fried egg” appearance Black colonies with brown halo Coral red fluorescence Cauliflower like growth Exhibits “Cording” Water droplet colonies Bird’s nest colonies Pink colonies with greenish metallic sheen Mucoid colonies Pink-purple with dark center “Fish eye” colonies Swarming of colonies- growth outside the streaking pattern Burnt gun powder/ burnt chocolate Stallactite/ flocculent growth (evenly distributed) Hammered colonies Bull’s eye colonies Prodigiosin (red pigment) Prodigiosin (red pigment) Rancid potato like odor

MEDIA USED/ COMMENTS

Common isolate is S. constellatus Intact colonies Blood Agar Plate (BAP) Due to swirling projections. Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) with 10u Penicillin/ BAP with 5u of Penicillin Due to susceptibility to Penicillin Gelatin Media Inner-β; outer-α Egg yolk Agar (+) Lipase Reaction Cycloserine Cefoxitin Fructose Agar (CCFA) yellow fluorescence on BAP Sulfide Indole Motility Medium (SIM) Gelatin Media Cystine Tellurite Blood Agar Cystine Trypticase Agar Tinsdale Medium (with Tellurite) Will only appear on exposure Wood’s lamp due to porphyrin luxuriant growth in curved strands Cornmeal agar Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB)/ Levine medium Due to the presence of capsule EMB BAP MacConkey Agar (MAC) Broth BAP Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin (CIN)

Corn tortilla like odor/ Corn taco like odor/ Overripe grape odor Pyocyanin (blue pigment) Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pyoverdin (yellow-green/ green pigment) Pyorubin (red pigment) Pyomelanin (brown pigment) Pseudomonas fluorescens Pyoverdin only Pyoverdin only Pseudomonas putida Wrinkled colonies Pseudomonas stutzeri Burkholderia pseudomallei Earthy odor Ammonia like odor Stenotrophomonas Lavander green pigment maltophilia Yellow colored colonies Acinetobacter Gummy colonies Acinetobacter faecalis Apple-like fruity odor Ammonium cyanide odor Chromobacter violaceum Violacein (violet pigment) Dew drop colonies with mousy odor Haemophilus influenzae Exhibits SATELLITISM

Due to the release of 2-acetophenone

Ashdown Media

Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) BAP BAP

luxuriant growth near the source of V factor

Bordetella pertussis Pasturella multocida

Mercury droplet colonies Musty odor/ mushroom-like odor Puff ball/ fluff balls appearance (at the bottom Streptobacillus moniliformis only) Actinomyces Star shaped colonies actinomycetemcomitans Pits/ corrodes the agar Eikenella corrodens With bleach like odor Molar tooth appearance Actinomyces israelli Black colonies with dark halo Bacteroides fragilis Pits/ corrodes the agar Bacteroides urealyticus Rancid butter with three types of colonies  Irregular/ bread crums/ salt grain like Fusobacterium nucleatum  Ground glass/ speckled appearance  Small smooth gray-white colonies Prevotella Black pigment Porphyromonas Bright red fluorescence under UV Peptostreptococcus Nonhemolytic with sweet odor anaerobius Red fluorescence under UV Veilonella Ureaplasma urealyticus Tiny “fried egg” colonies

GRAM POSITIVE Streptococcus pneumoniae Bacillus anthracis Clostridium perfringes

GRAM NEGATIVE Neiseria meningitidis Moraxella catarrhalis Klebsiella pneumoniae Haemophlius influenzae

Broth

Old colonies Bacteroides Bile Esculin (BBE)

BACTERIA Listeria monocytogenes Vibrio cholerae Campylobacter Capnocytophaga gingivalis Kingella kingii Sphirochetes

DESCRITION Tumbling motility Shooting star motility Darting Motility Gliding/ sliding motility (no flagella) Twitching motility Cork screw like motility

BACTERIA

Staphylococcus aureus

Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus/ Oxcillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA/ ORSA) Staphylococcus epidermidis

Streptococcus pyogenes

Sterptococcus pneumoniae

VIRULENCE FACTOR/S Lipase- causes skin infection Hyaluronidase/ Duran Reynal Factor- spreading/ invasive factor β-lactamase/ penicillanseresistance to β-lactams Staphilokinase- for fibrinolysis Coagulase- for plasma agglutination DNase/ Thermonucleasedecreases the viscosity of exudates giving the organism more mobility β-hemolysin- β-hemolysis/ destroys RBCs Protein A- prevents phagocytosis Enterotoxin A/ B- causes food poisoning TSST/ Enterotoxin F- causes Toxic Shock Syndrome Exfoliatin- causes Scalded Skin Syndrome Panton Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)- destroys WBCs; Community Acquired- MRSA MecAgene- encodes PBP2 in the cell wall

Slime production/ Biofilm production- for attachment Streptolysin- destroys RBS  O- subsurface hemolysis  S- surface hemolysis Erythrogenic Toxin/ Pyrogeninc toxin- responsible for the rashes in Scarlet Fever Hyaluronidase- spreading factor Streptokinase- for fibrinolysios M protein- main virulence factor -prevents phagocytosis Protein F- attachment to epithelial cells Capsule

Type 4 common pili (nNeisseria gonorrhoea methylphenylalanine) endotoxin Neiserria capsule meningitidis

Moraxella catarrhalis Capsule with pili D-glutamate capsule Edema factor Bacillus anthracis Lethal factor Protective antigen Cholera like toxin- causes food Bacillus cereus poisoning Capsule Responsible for the βhemolysis:  β-hemolysisn Clostridium  Theta toxin perfringes Responsible for the αhemolysis:  α toxin  Lecithinase Tetanospasmin- causes spastic Clostridium tetani paralysis Tetanolysin- β-hemolysis Clostridium Botulinum toxin botulinum Toxin A- enterotoxin Clostridium difficile Toxin B- cytotoxin Listeriolysisn O- hemolytic Listeria cytotoxic toxin monocytigenes -makes the organism survives within phagocytes Corynebacterium Diphtheria toxin diphtheriae Cord factor- destroys Mycobacterium mitochodria tuberculosis Sulfatide- prevents phagocytocis E.coli O157:H7 Verotoxin/ shigatoxin Capsule Klebsiella pneumoniae Endotoxin- causing Bacillary Shigella dysentery (bloody diarrhea) Shigella dysenteriae Neurotoxin Pili Salmonella Klebsiella/ K and Vi toxins Calymmatobacterium Vibrio cholerae Choleragen Helicobacter pylori Urease Exotoxin A- inhibits protein synthesis Pseudomonas Endotoxin aeruginosa pili Alginate (biofilm) Haemophilus capsule influenzae Pertussis toxin- mucus Bordetella pertussis production

BACTERIA

Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus lugdunensis Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus saphrophyticus Rothia (old name: Stomatococcus)

DISEASE/S Boils, Furuncles, carbunlces, folliculitis, cellulitis Impetigo, sty (ocular infection, lump at the eyelid) Food poisoning Toxic shock syndrome Scalded skin syndrome/ Bullous exfoliative dermatitis Endocarditis Bacteremia Prosthetic heart valve infection UTI in young females

Endocarditis Bacteremia in immunocompromised Pharyngitis/ stepthroat Erysipelas- skin infection Scarlet fever- (+) rashes with “strawberry tongue” Necrotizing facitis/ galloping gangrene- rapidly progressive Sterptococcus pyogenes skin infection Post sequelae  Acute glomerulonephritis  Rheumatic fever Bright’s disease Septicemia Streptococcus Neonatal meningitis agalactiae Postpartum endocarditis Streptococcus UTI gallolyticus Endocarditis (old name: Septicemia Streptococcus bovis) Entercocci Nosocomial UTI No. 1 cause of adult meningitis Most common cause of Otitis Streptococcus Media pneumoniae Lobar pneumonia (rusty colored sputum) Subacute Bacterial Streptococcus sanguis Endocarditis (SBE) Streptococcus mutans Dental caries/ plaques Milleri Streptococci Liver, spleen and brain abscess Complex/ Microaerophilic Strep (S. constellatus) Group D- NonColon caner Enterococci

Gonorrhoea Ophthalmia neonatorum (Prophylactic drug: Crede’s Neiserria gonorrhoea Prophylaxis/ Silver Nitrate) Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome/ Perihepatitis Bacterial meningitis (child – early adulthood) Meningococcemia Neisseria meningitidis Waterhouse Frederichsen Syndrome- bleeding of adrenal glands ( positive for DIC) Moraxella catarrhalis Otitis media Cutaneous anthrax- black eschar (most common; least severe) Pulomonary anthrax/ Woolsorter’s disease/ Rag Bacillus anthracis Picker’s disease/ Hide Porter’s Disease Intestinal Anthrax- most severe; least common Food poisoning  Diarrheal type Bacillus cereus  Emetic type Bacillus subtilis Eye infection in heroin addicts Bacillus Flat sour spoilage stearothermophilus Gas gangrene Clostridium perfringes Necrotic enteritis- bloody diarrhea Tetanus/ Spastic Paralysismanifestation of locked jaw/ risus sardonicus/ Sardonic Clostrdium tetani Smile Opisthotonus Botulinism/ home canned good intoxication Floppy Baby syndrome/ infant Clostridium botulinum botulinism Sudden Infant Death/ Crib Death Pseudomembranous colitisantibiotic associated diarrhea Clostridium dificille No. 1 cause of nosocomial diarrhea Meningitis in geriatric and immunocompromised Food poisoning (coleslaw and Listeria monocytogenes soft cheese) Still birth Septicemia Erysopelothrix Erysepeloid/ Butcher’s cut rhusiopathiae Corynebacterium Diphtheria- “Bull’s neck” diphtheriae appearance...