Transfusion unit Outline for 2021. PDF

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Transfusion unit Outline for 2021. Contains what assignments you have to complete....

Description

SUBJECT OUTLINE 91129 Transfusion Science Course area

UTS: Science

Delivery

Spring 2021; City

Credit points 6cp Requisite(s)

91401 Immunology 1 OR 91563 Haematology 1

Result type

Grade and marks

Attendance: 6hpw: 1-2hrs, lecture, online; 2hrs, workshops, online; 3hrs, practical

Subject coordinator Name: Tamara Carrodus Email: [email protected]

Teaching staff See UTS CANVAS for details

Subject description Transfusion Science is about human blood group systems, the antigens that each of us possess on our red blood cells that make each of our blood cells different to that of another person. Because of these differences, our bodies can determine another person’s cells as foreign (non-self). This subject explores how the body responds, the tests to detect and identify of plasma antibodies, principles of donor blood compatibility and antigen/antibody reactions, the use of blood products in testing, the safety of the blood supply and minimisation of transmission of infectious diseases, investigation of transfusion reactions, haemolytic disease of the newborn, platelet and leucocyte immuno-haematology, transfusion in critical care situations, legal aspects of transfusion and use of blood products, stem cell transplantation, and cytokine stimulation of hemopoiesis. This subject teaches the essential principles and practices of transfusion scientists who work in the clinical and research areas of transfusion science. As such, the workshop and practical aspects of the subject are designed to teach the basic tools and methods required to identify antibodies; to determine the safe use of blood for transfusion, identify risks of mother-foetus incompatibility and the source of transfusion reactions. To create the foundation for understanding these concepts, the subject has the theory content presented in modules where the information presented using multiple formats, these include video mini-lectures, presentations, recordings, readings, gamified learning and opportunities for reflection with your cohort.

Subject learning objectives (SLOs) Upon successful completion of this subject students should be able to: 1. Describe the requirements for the safe transfusion of blood and blood products 2. Explain the Australian and New Zealand Society of Blood Transfusion (ANZSBT) definitions of blood group systems, blood group antigens and the antibodies that define them 3. Identify and demonstrate how areas of quality assurance programs, regulation of therapeutic goods and the Human Tissue Act are used in the context of transfusion science 4. Perform and interpret the techniques of laboratory blood grouping, crossmatching, antibody screening and antibody identification 5. Explain the principles of transfusion and transplantation 6. Evaluate and consolidate information relating to transfusion science using data bases, regulatory websites, text books and scientific articles to report their findings to their cohort using written and oral communication styles

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Course intended learning outcomes (CILOs) This subject also contributes specifically to the development of following course intended learning outcomes: Apply: Use contemporary technologies for the collection and analysis of data and apply evidence-based practice at all levels of laboratory investigation. (1.1) Synthesise: Adapt disciplinary skills and techniques to other disciplines and other areas of study, in particular, the specialisations of cellular pathology, microbiology, and host responses or biochemistry and molecular diagnostics. (1.3) Apply: Employ robust scientific method in the investigation of disease and undertake laboratory work based on world best practice. (2.1) Analyse: Be guided by the current literature to critically appraise published information and recognize gaps of knowledge in the field. (2.2) Synthesise: Critically discriminate facts to synthesise significant findings from a range of data types. (2.3) Apply: Demonstrate familiarity in established techniques, while also having an awareness of new technologies and modern instrumentation, considering the appropriate quality control measures at all stages of the diagnostic process. (3.1) Analyse: Engage in work practices that demonstrate an understanding of health and safety requirements, good ethical conduct, risk management, organisation skills, record keeping and the regulatory framework of specific laboratory, especially in relation to specialised discipline areas. (3.2) Analyse: Demonstrate creative and lateral thinking within a structured discipline by extending the principles of biomedical science to a broader context. (4.2) Apply: Use a variety of tools, such as written reports, oral and visual presentations, graphical or statistical analysis in both lay and professional settings. (5.1) Analyse: Recognize the audience and be able to communicate with a diversity of audiences by accurately using plain, professional, and where necessary, specialist language in the communication of ideas. (5.2)

Contribution to the development of graduate attributes This subject contributes to the development of the following: 1. Disciplinary knowledge From the theoretical material you will be provided with: detailed explanations of the ANZ- and I-SBT definitions of blood groups; the risks of transfusion and potential errors; fundamental information about other types of transfusions; be introduced to the various accreditation bodies, guidelines and processes; and the foundations of performing the techniques required to determine blood types. The practical component of the course will then provide the opportunity to practice the practical skills of blood testing used in clinical and research laboratories. The workshop materials are for you to consolidate the information learnt in lectures and apply that knowledge in determining the blood groups of donor and recipient blood as you would in a clinical setting as well as by using case studies. Combined, this knowledge will enable you to formulate rational judgements about whether there is a risk of transfusion reaction. In your assessments and some compulsory group work, you will be able to test your knowledge and apply it in a group setting as part of collaborative learning using MS Teams and OneNote/Class Notebook. You will get the opportunity to peer-review your colleagues as part of developing your team-based communication skills. 2. Research, inquiry and critical thinking You will be required to search organisational websites of government accrediting bodies as well as scientific literature and corporate websites to discover what is required in the approval process of a blood product. By collecting and collating that information you will then be able to communicate that information back to your peers.

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3. Professional, ethical and social responsibility You will develop personal organisation skills, teamwork skills, laboratory skills, blood testing and handling skills. You can obtain these skills through the practical, workshop and assessment components of the course. This subject will use MS Teams, OneNote and Zoom as part of the delivery, these are all used in the organisations of the teachers of this subject who work in hospital laboratories and the Australian Red Cross Lifeblood. As part of building skills in teamwork, you will have an opportunity to review yourself and your team in SPARK Plus. As blood transfusion is a high-risk medical procedure it relies on the highest level of accuracy by transfusion scientists. You will develop an understanding and be able to explain: the need for blood and blood products; blood transfusion and human tissue regulations; and the importance of blood transfusion practices to enable you to be a transfusion scientist. 4. Reflection, Innovation, Creativity 5. Communication These skills are practiced and expanded through multiple aspects of the course including practical classes, online collaboration and for assessments. You will work in small groups (3-4) in online workshops to complete learning activities as well as to complete an infographic that consolidates the findings of your research of a blood product and the legislation surrounding its use. Individually, you will then provide feedback to your team members on how they can better contribute in the “workplace” and provide feedback on other team's infographic projects in your cohort.

Teaching and learning strategies This subject is delivered via 1-2 hours per week of online lectures, 2 hours per week of online workshops via ZOOM, and five 3 hours practical* classes. * If you are located overseas or interstate or have a medical condition or increased risk of COVID that prevents attendance there is provision for remote learning - contact subject coordinator via email prior to census date. Transfusion Science is delivered in a modular style. The theory of the subject is self-paced and delivery is completely online using CANVAS. The use of video recordings, audio recordings, short presentations, directed learning activities and games have been blended to present the theory of Pre-requisite Knowledge, Laboratory Safety, Blood Group Systems, Column Agglutination, Testing in Transfusion Science, Specialised Areas and Legislation. This content requires 1.5-2 hours to complete. Some modules are pre-requisites for other modules. There are five modules with online mini-tests to ensure you understand the content. Workshop material is a combination of self-directed activities as well as weekly 1 hour Zoom/MS Teams workshops. During these activities you will work individually and in teams to complete problem-based activities and case studies. There will be plenty of opportunity to ask questions and work with the teachers to complete your understanding. Workshop attenance is compulsory. The practical component will be a combination of video pre-lab with questions, the challenging parts of the pre-lab material can be discussed in the workshop ZOOMs before the three 3 hour practical classes which will be held later in the semester. The aim of this design is for you to see the protocol performed and understand why and how this test is done, before you perform the skill in the laboratory yourself. The pre-lab material is a pre-requisite for receiving the practical material to be completed in class. That pre-lab material will also test your interpretive skill for that test/set of tests. [Remote learners - If you are enrolled in the remote Practical class you will not undertake the practical activities in the lab but will instead compete these activities on-line, supported by ZOOM sessions] Summary of the course Weeks 1 to 5 focuses on Basic Blood Grouping and Column Agglutination, the main type of testing process in transfusion laboratories, you will learn about various clinically significant blood group systems and the tests that help you identify whether a transfusion reaction is clinically significant. This will be practiced in the face-to-face classes after learning the interpretation of results. Weeks 5 to 8 cover and practice the Tests of Transfusion Science that build on the foundation modules of Basic Blood Grouping and Column Agglutination. The individual test protocols will be taught initially from a theoretical perspective, so you understand the relevance and use in the clinical setting. Then the first practical classes, in week 7 and 8, will 25/07/2021 (Spring 2021)

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focus on the main protocols: Blood Group, Antibody Screen and Antibody Identification, of transfusion in a laboratory setting. The practical class (weeks 9 or 10 or 11) will cover the crossmatching and further tests that are commonly used. The practical exam will be a skills test conducted on week 9 or 10, date to be confirmed during semester. This is a facilitated test where you should complete as much as you can before approaching the demonstrator for any further explanation, they will help fill any knowledge gap and then you can reattempt the question or protocol. The theoretical modules covered in Weeks 8 to 12 covered Specialised Areas of Transfusion and Legislation of Blood Supply. These modules will contain some personal stories from people who have required transfusions for their survival, it also has directed activities on various legislative bodies that mandate the supply of blood in Australia. The topics cover specialized transfusions, such as minor blood components, acute care and neonates. We also have recordings from guest lecturers who educate you about the National Blood Authority, Central Blood Supply, NATA, TGA and Patient Blood Management as well as how these work in synergy to control the movement of donor blood components. Throughout the subject there will be workshops with questions on the theory as well as case studies to test your knowledge in both practical application and theoretical aspects. One of the skills in any professional setting, that is highly regarded, is being able to present information in various ways. The final assessment for this subject is to create and exemplary infographic where your group apply and synthesise the knowledge from modules Tests of Transfusion Science and Legislation and Blood Supply to the production and supply of a commercially prepared blood testing product. You will also need to provide a brief essay (no more than 500 words) summarising the critical points and providing a succinct reflection of your own learning during this assignment, this may include working as a team, making infographics or communication. Strategies to help you learn To facilitate your learning, there are many and various learning tools and activities that will keep you engaged and constantly revising your progress throughout each module. The activities have been created to give immediate feedback, enabling learning from correct and incorrect answers immediately. Most module pages are designed with a Read-Watch-Do style where you are given some theory then asked to check your understanding by completing and activity. You are invited to work in pairs or small groups as this will help you investigate and interrogate the new knowledge. MS Teams will be set up in Week 1 (you will need to message the subject coordinator to be allocated) for people to work in small teams, you will be able to collaborate on the workshop materials to complete the activities. The five modules will have mini-tests, these will be opened for short periods of time only. These tests are open-book but must be completely individually. Many graduates from this subject can be hired directly into hospital transfusion laboratories or blood banks, where they make critical decisions about blood products to be given to patients. These are mostly life-saving, but a wrong decision is potentially life threatening, and for that reason we will treat you as a transfusion scientist from Week 1.

Content (topics) Upon completion of the lecture and practical material you will have knowledge of: 1. ANZBT definitions of blood group systems 2. How to utilize, report and interpret the results of antibody tests 3. Using column agglutination for the test protocols of transfusion science 4. Types of transfusions and transplants 5. Transfusion reactions, their risks, severity and investigation 6. The organizations and regulations that govern blood transfusion medicine 7. When transfusions or blood compatibility may be important No field trips this year, 2021, due to the evovling Covid-19 situation.

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Program Week/Session

Dates

Description

0

26 Jul

Online background and pre-requisite material Prerequisite information Review function & components of blood Review antibody & antigen interactions Understand haemagglutination History of Blood Tranfusion Notes: Complete: Pre-requisite quiz on haemagglutination Watch History of Blood Transfusion

1

2 Aug

Online Theory Module pages: 1.1 Blood group systems 1.2 Landsteiner's Law 1.3 ISBT guidelines 1.4 ABO Blood group system Zoom Workshop Introduction to teachers and working groups Notes: Complete: Attend Zoom workshop session Allocate yourself to assignment group

2

9 Aug

Online Theory 1.5 Rh Blood group system 1.6 Lewis & Secretor Blood group systems 1.7 Kell Blood group system 1.8 Duffy Blood group systems Zoom Workshop WS1 ABO Notes: Complete: Attend Zoom workshop session Start discussing Assessment 3 with your group

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3

16 Aug

Online Theory 1.9 Kidd Blood group system 1.10 MNSs Blood group system 1.11 Other Blood group systems 1.12 The Dosage Effect Zoom Workshop WS2 Rh Nomenclature Practical Start looking at the pre-lab material for week 7 Practical 1 Notes: Complete: Attend Zoom workshop session Minitest 1 - Blood group systems (10%)

4

23 Aug

Online Theory 2.1 Donor to Patient 2.2 Patient Identification 2.3 Controls 2.4 Direct (DAT) and Indirect (IAT) Anti-globulin Tests Zoom Workshop WS3.1 Lewis & Secretor WS3.2 ABO Fwd & Rev WS4.1 Donor packs Notes: Complete: Attend Zoom workshop session

5

30 Aug

Online Theory 2.5 Tube Technique - The Gold Standard 2.6 Column Agglutination Technology 2.7 Solid Phase Technology 3.1 Laboratory Information Systems 3.2 Grouping ABO and Rh (D) 3.3 Antibody Screen Zoom Workshop WS4.2 Controls, Group, Antibody Screen and Compostition Panels WS4.3 Dosage Notes: Complete: Attend Zoom workshops session Laboratory Safety and Equipment Test

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Mini-test 2. Protocols of Testing (10%) Pre-lab for Practical 1. Group, screen and panel

6

6 Sept

Online Theory 3.4 Antibody Identification 3.5 Interpretation of Antibody Composition Panels 3.6 Special tests of Transfusion Science (A review) Zoom Workshop WS5 Antibody Identification Panel Case Studies Notes: Complete: Attend Zoom workshops session Pre-lab for Practical 1

7

13 Sept

Online Theory 3.7 The Crossmatch Zoom Workshop WS6 Investigations of transfusion reactions and crossmatch case studies Practical 1 Group, Screen & Direct Antiglobulin Test Notes: Complete: Attend Zoom workshop session Practical 1 Post-lab Assessment 3 Group work SPARK PLUS

STUVAC

20 Sept

No classes Notes: Complete: Work with your group on assessment 3 Practical 2 Pre-lab

8

27 Sept

Online Theory 4.1 Haemolytic Disease of the Foetus/Newborn (HDFN) Zoom Workshop WS7 The 4 Rh (D) antibodies & Case studies of HDFN Practical 2 Group, Screen, Panel & Phenotyping

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Notes: Complete: Attend Zoom workshop session Mini-test 3: Tests of Transfusion Science (15%) Practical 2 Post-lab

9

4 Oct

Online Theory 4.2 Acute Care Transfusions 4.3 Transfusion Reactions 4.4 Platelet Transfusions Zoom Workshop WS8 Transfusion Reactions Practical 3 Practical Exam 25% (remote learners will have an online exam) Notes: Complete: Attend Zoom workshop session Assessment 2 - Practical exam 25%

10

11 Oct

Online Theory 4.5 Transplantation 4.6 Patient perspective 5.1 National Blood Authority 5.2 NATA Zoom Workshop WS9 Patient Blood Management Practical 4 Phenotyping Donor Units & Crossmatching Notes: Complete: Attend Zoom workshop session Mini-test 4: Special topics in transfusion science (15%)