TWO Shaft GAS Turbine Mec454 sem 2 EMD2M4A G4 PDF

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Lab report TWO Shaft GAS Turbine Mec454 sem 2 EMD2M4A G4 Lab report TWO Shaft GAS Turbine Mec454 sem 2 EMD2M4A G4...

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PROGRAM

: EM220 SARJANA MUDA KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL

KURSUS

: THERMOFLUIDS LAB 2 (MAKMAL THERMOBENDALIR 2)

KOD KURSUS

: MEC454

PENSYARAH

: SYAFIQ ZULHADY BIN ZAINUDIN

LAPORAN MAKMAL

TAJUK UJIKAJI:

Two Shaft Gas Turbine

Bil. 1 2 3 4 5

NAMA PELAJAR Muhamad Saqief Bin Halmi Muhammad Abdulfattah Bin Mohd Effendi Muhamad Syafiq Bin Hamdan Muhamad Yusuf Bin Muhmad Toha Muhammad Afiq bin Musri

GROUP (EX: EMD2M1A-G10)

: EMD2M4A-G4

DATE OF SUBMISSION

: 17 JUN 2020

NO PELAJAR 2019207048 2019290976 2019230668 2019257342 2019685958

1.0 TITLE:

Two Shaft Gas Turbine

2.0 OBJECTIVES: The main objective is to demonstrate the First Law of Thermodynamics using a two-shaft gas turbine.

3.0 INTRODUCTION: Gas turbine is heat engine which uses fuel energy to produce mechanical output power, either as torque through a rotating shaft (industrial gas turbines) or as jet power in the form of velocity through an exhaust nozzle (aircraft jet engines). When designing gas turbines the main emphasis is placed on increasing their efficiency and, as a result, reducing their fuel consumption. Efficiency is increased mainly through the use of increasingly higher upper temperatures of the cycle by means of introducing new heat-resistant materials and improving the system of high-temperature sections cooling. A two-shaft arrangement is usually used in aircraft propulsion, where a separate part of the turbine is designated solely for the compressor powering. A set comprising a compressor, a combustion chamber and a compressor turbine performs the function of a gas generator. Its task involves the generation of hot compressed gas with parameters 𝑝3, 𝑡3 which converts some of its heat energy into mechanical energy as part of an expansion process taking place in the compressor turbine. The role of a gas generator in a gas turbine set is similar to the role of a steam boiler with a feed pump in a steam turbine unit. Further expansion takes place over the power turbine, releasing its output to the receiver. In the discussed arrangement air as the working medium is drawn from the atmosphere and returns in the form of exhaust gas, which is why such cycles are called open cycles. They are most commonly used in gas turbines.

4.0 PROCEDURE • • •

Start and run the gas turbine Fix the load on the system Allow conditions to stabilize and record all your readings

5.0 APPARATUS

•

Two Shaft Gas Turbine

6.0 RESULTS: 6.1 DATA: Pressure ratio psi n_HD(1000/min) ETA(%) n_ND(1000/min) P_ND(kw) 4 88.8 1.65 12.4 1.5 5 82.0 1.99 11.4 1.6 6 75.8 2.18 10.6 1.7 7 70.3 2.29 9.8 1.7 8 65.7 2.35 9.2 1.7 9 63.1 2.38 8.7 1.7 10 59.0 2.48 8.2 1.6

M_ND(Nm) 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9

Load L 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

n_HD(1000/min) ETA(%) n_ND(1000/min) P_ND(kw) 89.5 1.97 11.3 1.8 89.5 2.28 9.7 2.1 89.7 2.40 8.1 2.2 89.6 2.29 6.5 2.1 89.6 1.97 4.8 1.8 89.6 1.47 3.2 1.4 89.6 0.84 1.6 0.8 89.6 0.15 0.0 0.1

M_ND(Nm) 1.6 2.1 2.6 3.2 3.6 4.1 4.7 infinity

Gas Generator (HP) Efficiency HP 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

n_HD(1000/min) ETA(%) 89.1 1.60 90.4 1.64 91.1 1.68 91.6 1.71 92.0 1.73

n_ND(1000/min) P_ND(kw) 12.5 1.5 12.6 1.5 12.7 1.5 12.8 1.5 12.8 1.6

M_ND(Nm) 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

Power Turbine (LP) Efficiency LP 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

n_HD(1000/min) ETA(%) 89.7 1.61 94.7 1.14 98.6 0.48 101.7 -0.10 104.0 -1.41

n_ND(1000/min) P_ND(kw) M_ND(Nm) 12.5 1.5 1.1 13.2 1.0 0.7 13.8 0.4 0.3 14.2 -0.2 -0.2 14.5 -0.8 -0.5

6.2 GRAPHS AND TABLES:

7.0 DISCUSSIONS(Individual) 7.1 Muhamad Saqief Bin Halmi/2019207048 Based on the result presented, the thermal efficiency increases linearly with increase of the gas generator efficiency while thermal efficiency decreases linearly with increase of the power turbine efficiency. Increasing system pressure has had the effect of increasing the turbine pressure ratio. The effect of raised pressure will increase the pressure of the turbine and hence to reduce the compressor pressure ratio. Therefore raising the system pressure has increased the net specific work. 7.2 Muhamad Yusuf bin Muhmad Toha/ 2019257342 Two shaft gas turbine have a free power turbine compared to simple gas turbine. This free power turbine can provide a constant power and have a favourable torque characteristic which can give a consistent control for a wide speed range. The thermal efficiency increments with the operating temperature, and progressed auxiliary materials that permits engines to function at higher temperature. Therefore the thermal efficiency increase linearly as the gas generator efficiency increase but decrease linearly with the increased of the power turbine efficiency. 7.3 Muhammad Abdulfattah Bin Mohd Effendi/ 2019290976 From the graph thermal efficiency versus pressure ratio, it shown that as the pressure ratio increase, the thermal efficiency also increases. It is because the increasing of the compression ratio will increase the overall system efficiency because the increasing of the compression ratio will increase the maximum pressure. 7.4 Muhamad Syafiq Bin Hamdan / 2019230668 we can conclude that the ratio of pressure, load, gas generator efficiency and power turbine efficiency greatly influence the thermal efficiency of the two-axis gas turbine. The strength of a two shaft gas turbine is higher than that of a simple gas turbine. 7.5 Muhammad Afiq bin Musri / 2019685958 The advantage of the two-shaft gas turbine is that compressor and high-pressure turbine are driven at optimal speed for the respective power. Speed or torque at the power turbine can be adapted and optimised to the respective drive function. Vehicles require a variable speed, whereas a synchronous generator needs a constant speed.

8.0 IDEAS FOR IMPROVEMENT/SUGGESTIONS FOR THE EXPERIMENT

Before conducting the experiment, some precaution need to be consider in order to avoid any error that could affect the data gained from it. First is that we could rotated the controller knob slowly to gained the exact manipulated reading in this experiment as the knob controller is very sensitive. Other than that, the starter need to be turned off after the combustion to avoid any damage towards the motor. The data that we need to collect after the adjustment need to be stabilize first. The experiment also can be conduct several times to gain and average value that is more accurate.

9.0 MAKE AVAILABLE RELEVANT INFORMATION RELATED TO THERMOFLUID TECHNOLOGIES CORRESPONDING TO LABORATORY WORKS CARRIED OUT 9.1 EXPLANATION OF POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS Possible application regardless to two shaft gas turbine simulator is this application helps students to understand the use of this ‘engine’ with a secondary power turbine, on practical applications such as helicopters or electrical power generators. For the electric power generator, there are several parameters that affect its performance, such as the compressor pressure ratio, the combustion inlet temperature and the turbine inlet temperature (TIT). Obviously, these parameters have been actually improved by various gas turbine manufactures so two shaft gas turbine power plant can utilizing the effect of operating conditions. Next for helicopters,the gas turbine works as a turboshaft where the power is extracted from the exhaust stream of a gas turbine by an independent turbine, downstream of the gas turbine and is not connected to the gas turbine (the exhaust airflow is what spins the turbine that is connected to the shaft hence the term "free"). This is opposed to the power being extracted from the power spool via a gear box. By using two shaft simulator it can operate at different speeds, and that these speeds can vary relative to each other. This is particularly advantageous for varying loads, such as turboprop engines.

9.2 ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE GAINED THROUGHOUT THE EXPERIMENT AND RELATE AVAILABLE INFORMATION TO THE LAB CONDUCTED.

Two shaft gas turbine help to understand the use of the engine with a secondary power turbine, in term of practical application is helicopter and electrical power generators. Although this lab is not experimenting using real two shaft gas turbine but only using a two shaft gas turbine simulator and its software. The simulator can simulate the reading as real as the real gas turbine and the software will show the reading so from this we will know how the real gas turbine works because this simulator and software works as same as real gas turbine and it also make us know the process that happen it. Lastly it also make us know how to read the reading from this experiment.

10.0 CONCLUSIONS (Individual) 10.1 Muhamad Saqief Bin Halmi/2019207048 From this study, we can conclude that the thermal efficiency of two shaft gas turbine is influenced by pressure ratio, load, gas generator efficiency and power turbine efficiency. The overall system efficiency and the heat efficiency increased by increasing the pressure ratio, gas turbine speed, power turbine speed and the temperature. 10.2 Muhamad Yusuf Bin Muhmad Toha (2019257342)

This 2 shaft gas turbine simulator will help us to understand more about this system. We will learn that ratio of the air and fuel, pressure in the system, and even compression ratio can have an effect on this experiment. The efficiency of the system to generate power would also be affected by this ratio. 10.3 Muhammad Abdulfattah Bin Mohd Effendi/ 2019290976

The increase of the intake temperature will decrease the system efficiency, and also decrease this value will increase the system efficiency.

10.4 Muhamad Syafiq Bin Hamdan / 2019230668 We can conclude that the ratio of pressure, load, gas generator efficiency and power turbine efficiency greatly influence the thermal efficiency of the two-axis gas turbine. The strength of a two shaft gas turbine is higher than that of a simple gas turbine. 10.5 Muhammad Afiq bin Musri / 2019685958 As conclusion, we can see that two shaft gas turbine is better than single shaft gas turbine at optimal speed for respective power. As we can see that the two shaft is more efficient and have more accurate reading

11.0 REFERENCES •

•

https://www.tecquipment.com/two-shaft-gasturbine#:~:text=A%20high%2Denergy%20spark%20ignites,panel%20regulates%20the%20tur bine%20speed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_efficiency...