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FACULTY OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM) CAMPUS PUNCAK PERDANA SHAH ALAM

BACHELOR OF INFORMATION SCIENCE (HONS) LIBRARY MANAGEMENT

IML454 (LIBRARY AND INFORMATION CENTER MANAGEMENT)

ASSIGNMENT: TYPES OF LIBRARIES

PREPARED BY: ASSYIDATUL LIYANA BINTI JASNI (2020602352) (IM2442ST1)

PREPARED FOR: DR WAN NOR HALIZA BT WAN MOKHTAR

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TABLE OF CONTENT: 1.0 BACKGROUND…………………………………………………………….3 2.0 LIBRARY INTRODUCTION…………………………………………….…3-4 2.1 What Is Academic Library………………………………………4-5 3.0 TYPES OF ACADEMIC LIBRARY 3.1 School Library…………………………………………………….5-6 3.2 College Library…………………………………………………….6-7 3.3 University Library…………………………………………………8-9 3.0 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………….…9-12 REFERENCE………………………………………………………………….….13

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1.0 BACKGROUND In order to understand the functioning of the academic library especially the different of all function of the libraries under academic library such as school library, college library and also university library, in this essay will explaining about what was the types of the academic library, the purpose and also the objective and service of the academic library to the clientele. The academic library of course the purpose is more to give a knowledge to the user and provided them a material, reference and also information that could help them in their task, study or research. But we should also know that each kind or type of library also had its own different purpose of service, target and objective toward the user. For the simple example is, school library is more toward provided a basic knowledge to the student and not prepare to much a higher level of book inside the library, but for the college and university library, we could find any kind of book that we could not see or find in the school library, because in the college and university library is more toward a higher level of knowledge and education of the student respective field or program they take. And each faculty will had their own library for their field or program to make easier to the student in finishing their assignment and also research. 2.0 INTRODUCTION OF LIBRARY The definition of a library is a collection of resources in a variety of formats that is organized by information professionals or other experts who provide convenient physical, bibliographic, digital, or intellectual access and more. Library also had its target goals of services and programs with the mission of educating, informing, or entertaining a variety of audiences or users of the library. The word of Library is used in so many different aspects in this modern era such as from the brick-and-mortar public library to the digital library. Now library keeps rapidly changing to accommodate the user's need and the target audience nowadays. From coming physically to the library that is the traditional library to improve to the digital library where the user doesn’t need to come physically anymore to get the material they need in the library but direct access to digital library platform or website that could access through the internet. Based on the Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science (ODLIS) Library is from the Latin liber with the meaning is ‘’book’’ and in the Greece and Romance languages, the corresponding term is

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bibliotheca. The library is the collection or a group of collections of books, printed or non-print materials organized and maintained for use such as for study, researcher, reading, consultations, and many more. Institutional libraries, organized to facilitate access by a specific user or clientele, are staffed by libraries and other specialists trained to provide services to meet user needs. There were four types of libraries that is Academic library, special library, public library, and national library but this essay will explain deeper what is Academic library and what is library under Academic library. 2.0 WHAT IS ACADEMIC LIBRARY According to the book of ‘’Academic Libraries’’ by Anil K. Dhiman and Suresh C. Sinha, Academic library is the library which is attached to academic institutions like school library, college library and universities library. In general academic library serves more specifically the student, research scholars, teachers, and staff of the academic institution. The main objective of an academic library is to give all the best and maximum learning material to its customers so that they may be fully educated at their respective levels. An academic library is different from other kinds of libraries such as the public library and special library in purpose and scope of its services and target. The main function of the academic library is to function as an auxiliary to parent institutions in carrying out its teaching program in an effective way. The primary characteristic of a great academic library is to produce complete identification with its institution. The library is an important intellectual resource of the academic community and helps to an academic library’s requirements and to promote studies and students research. In general, the type of academic libraries was divided into three division education systems comprised namely, School, College, and University. Libraries attached to these educational institutions are also divided in the same way as School library was attached to school, College library was attached to college and that was also happened to University library was attached to Universities. Based on the book of ‘’The Changing Academic Library Operations, Culture and Environments’’ by John M. Budd (2012), in order to understand the functioning of the academic library it is essential to understand the college and the university. This is not a simple task, the academic institution is not the 4

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any one single thing. While there is some consistency of mission that is all recognize an educational imperative, there is a considerable degree of diversity in a higher education. But there is no typical college or university. At this point, we could see that the academic libraries is different from other types of libraries.

3.0 TYPES OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIES 2.1 School Library Firstly, one of the types of libraries under academic library is the school library. In the past the school libraries were entirely based upon the collection of text book and concentrated on the child in a series of mental exercise used to learn a subject taught in the school. As per recommendation of the Secondary Education Commission each and every school should have a very good library. In modern school right now, the child having good book of all types by which beyond classroom routine, and through extensive reading he can develop a habit to judge about good book of his own taste. This brings how to use a school library as a ‘’common literary laboratory for all student of all ages and stages, and in indispensable agency for imparting real education through dynamic methods of teaching’’. The facilities at school library must make children library conscious and develop reading habit among them. The purpose of the school library is to accomplish the objectives of the educational program, its concerns the progress of effective methods of thinking, inculcation of social attitudes, acquisition of important information, and expanding growth and development among the children. In order to fulfill the aims of the school library, the library must be administered, staffed, equipped and organizes in such a way that it becomes a contributing factor to the process of learning of the boys and girls in the schools. Efficient supervision at the state level is also necessary by including a state supervisor of libraries of and a set of standards of a school library. What is the present need is that the existing of school libraries that should provide better services and acts in accordance with the set standards.

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Although School Library was also one under of the Academic Library but it also have its own purpose toward the clientele or the user of the School library such as have different aim, goal and services. Furthermore, the aims and objectives of a school library is ‘’an active force in the educating processes’ and the educational aim and objectives of school library should also be well understood and accepted by administrators and teaches. The example of the aims objectives of school library is for example is to help the child acquire ‘reading habit’ and self study habit, to develop amongst pupils the ability to learn from books without teacher, to break the rigid periods which a school time table often creates between different ‘subjects’ and to help children to become independent in finding and selecting information relevant to a given job or to their interests and hobbies. This will help the student to develop and find out what is their interest and pursue what they want that benefit them. Next, the services of a school library is also to give efficient library services to school children, to cultivate among them, the reading habit and to make individual instruction possible, all the school libraries should must provided the following essential services for its user for example it must build up a well-balanced collection of books, pamphlets, and audio-visual aids that appropriate to the objective and needs of the school, it must provide assistance in finding out institutional material and share with teachers the guidance and stimulation of children reading and it must help children in broadening their field of knowledge through the use of books. The library must not give a limited amount of book and especially prepare a genre that could attract the user and broaden their knowledge and experience although it was just based on reading the book but as long as the information they get could give them benefit and basic knowledge. 2.2 College Library Other than that, the second types of library under Academic library other than School library is College library. Like school must have a school library, that also happened to college, where it needs to have its college library. Every college must have a good library and it occupies a prominent position on the college campus. It is the pulsing heart of the college. Therefore the function of the college library is important such as first it serves the college community, its duty towards the alumnus and it must have a positive influence in society for the expansion of knowledge and

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helping men and women to quench their pursuit for truth. And also to provide the members of the teaching faculty a substantial nucleus of the more advanced type of books and periodicals necessary to enable them to keep abreast of the latest development in their subjects. The objective of a college library is to promote the records of human knowledge and to keep them up to date following the growing needs and requirements of today and tomorrow. There is many of the news update of book that could be seen and find in the library, not just in the library but student or user also could just directly search it to the college library website via online and search for reference they need in there. And the rapidly growing technology nowadays helped user more easier to finding the resource and reference they need without needing them to wasting much time, energy and also cost to go far to get information they need. Secondly, the objective of the college library is also to bring the documents to the notice of students and the academics together under environments that stimulate reading for pleasure, self-realization, personal growth and development, and also the cultivation of intellectual excellence for entertainment. The main service of the college library is book lending. In several colleges, books can be borrowed from the library on a particular day in a week, thus denying the students the privilege of borrowing books on the other six days. Open access is a very rare phenomenon in these libraries due to the fear of theft of books by users. However, the postgraduate student and teachers in many colleges are permitted to reach the stacks, Reference service is not at all provided due to lack of basic reference books and sufficient professional staff. Lastly, the objective of a college is also to supplement the instructions imparted in the classroom. It strives to function as an independent teaching agency, encouraging, and expanding the use of books in ways beyond those recommended or required by the classroom. The college library function basically to assist and support the study and teaching in the respective college. It helps to meet the reading requirement of the students as well as the teachers of the college. The book must be available to the student, and the book and allied reading material provided in the library must be relevant to the courses offered in the college. The objective of college libraries should be emphasized on the provision of the latest information to users, support to user studies and many more. In order to cope with these activities, the 7

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professionals should be given an opportunity to learn the skills in IT from time to time so that way they could be flexible to coop with the development of the technology as times goes. 2.3 Universities Library The third academic libraries is university library, university library was considered as the ‘heart’ of a university and it is the centre of learning for higher education. Every university must have a central library attached to it and may have many fundamental libraries attached to different teaching departments or the constituting colleges. According to Hamlin, there are three functions of university library that its conversation of knowledge, extension of knowledge from research and transmission of knowledge from teaching. Thus. The library is not merely a store house of books, yet it is a dynamic agency to assist the scholars and researchers in carrying out their pursuits in the advancement of knowledge by making use of books in libraries. The objectives of university libraries are as follows is to acquire and preserve various types of documents to meet the needs of different levels of users such as in university there were student from diploma, degree, postgraduate and also master, so each level of student or user will study different level of book and knowledge, to arrange the essential library material and other library facilitates for smooth running of all formal programs of learning, to guide research scholars and provide them to resources useful in enhancement of research projects and also to keep the faculty members informed of the latest recent thoughts in their field of specialization. Especially when there is many field of program in the university so that mean there will be many kind of book needed to provide in the university libraries that had the student field for their reference and to help them in their research or assignment. And to make the student or the user of the university libraries easier to use the library they just needed to search for the book reference and material they needed in the website of the university’s website, they could find any kind of book in there although the book was not from their department or program. They could request to the system service if they need a book from other field that not provided in their faculty library.

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In Indian’s university library services it was constitutes one of the largest higher education system in the world. Because of there were now so many universities and more than 100 million student so this vast academic community will needs a wide variety of information services in the changing of the academic environment. The popularity and use of any contact between a right reading and the right book of the right time, In other words popularity depends on the extent to which satisfactory of optimum library services are being provided to the readers or library client. There were two types of library services that is reader services and technical services, technical services were also known as works behind the screen. So in other words, technical services are the preparations for providing better services which includes acquisition of materials, cataloging, classification and building weeding out of reading material or other work done before the reader’s services. On the other hand library services include reference service, circulation service, information services such as document delivery services or E-mail, and bibliographic services where the staff is in touch with the readers in providing library services. So from this we could see that university library offers various services require by its researchers right from concepts and analysis of the topic stage of research to the report writing stage. Other example of university library services that should be known is translation services, online books suggestions, literature search services, collection services and many more. 3.0 The challenged after the development of the Academic Library nowadays. As everyone already know, the majority of the history of academic libraries has an entailed the organization and control of print on paper. The beginnings of automation have also entailed the management of information in print. As time goes, while print has remained an important and pervasive medium, which is still an increasing number of books are published worldwide each year, electronic information has emerged and grown to be the preferred medium of communication for many purposes. The diversity of media has led to increased responsibilities for the libraries. The library has to provide its community with books and journals because some information remains available in print on paper. Not only that, the library also has to be open to other possibilities that is no longer are services limited to bibliographic access to journal literature but also the provision of access to full text and preferable full image of the content of many periodicals is taken for granted by 9

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the library’s communities. The growing technologies make the material become so attractive to the user or the clientele where the difference between full text and full image is that, while full text involves the transmission and availability of the article’s content exactly as it was published, including the original typesetting, pagination, and also the graphic. But this also bringing trouble to the academic libraries because of the challenge its face after that. Firstly, in India there were financial problem due to static budget and exponential price hike of library collections facing by academic library in there. The library environment is currently undertake a rapid and dynamic revolution leading to a current generation of libraries with an emphasize on e-resources. There were already a lot of effort taken to solve the problem of the financial crunch by using resource sharing service through consortia for university libraries. With the increase of engineering colleges in recent years, there is a sign that the future of India is bright because of this. But it still has its disadvantages in the sense that quality may be a casualty, it is physically and financially impossible for any single library to acquire all published material needed. The rising cost of books, an increase in the number of journals and specializations in each subject, inflation, budgetary limitations are the resultant threats for information and publication explosion. Against this, the libraries have a greater role to play in propping the highest academic standards by giving the best services to their customers for resource sharing and networking. Secondly, there have been external development as well, especially the technological developments, particularly in the area of networked information. Nowadays, user or anyone who is not illiterate in literacy digital already could access freely the network, website to retrieve a information in there without needing them to depending to the library anymore. We could s...