Unit 2 assessment study guide PDF

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AP Biology Topic 2 Cell Structure & Function Describe the structural and/or function of subcellular components and organelles. a. ribosomes b. endoplasmic reticulum: smooth c. endoplasmic reticulum: rough d. Golgi apparatus e. mitochondria f. lysosomes g. vacuole h. chloroplast Explain how subcellular components and organelles contribute to the function of the cell. Describe the structural features of a cell that allow organisms to capture, store and use energy. Explain the affect of surface area-to-volume ratios on the exchange of materials between cells or organisms and the environment. a. Calculate surface area and volume ratios for various shapes. b. Formulas are provided for you. Explain how specialized structures and strategies are used for the efficient exchange of molecules to the environment. Describe the roles of each of the components of the cell membrane in maintaining the internal environment of the cell. a. Phospholipids b. Cholesterol c. Transmembrane proteins d. Integral proteins e. Glycolipids f. Glycoproteins Describe the fluid-mosaic model of the cell membrane. Explain how the structure of biological membranes influences permeability. a. Define selective permeability. Describe mechanisms cells use to maintain water and solute balance. b. Passive transport: Is energy required? What direction do molecules move? i. Simple diffusion: what passes through this way? ii. Facilitated diffusion: what passes through this way? c. Active transport: Is energy required? What direction do molecules move? d. Endocytosis e. Exocytosis f. Osmosis: What molecule uses this transport? i. Aquaporins

Explain how concentration gradients affect the movement of molecules across membranes. Explain how osmoregulatory mechanisms contribute to the health and survival of organisms. a. Water potential: what is it? i. Calculate water potential and solute potential using provided formulas....