Unit 2 Study Guide PDF

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Unit 2 Study guide for US History On Ramps...

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HIS 315K HIS 315K UNIT 2 STUDY GUIDE Revolution and New Nation HOW TO USE THE STUDY GUIDE This study guide is designed to help guide your learning for this unit. Use this structure to generate and organize terms, ideas, questions, and your own key insights from each lesson. As you read, discover, and learn from your course materials, you should continue to add information and evidence from each lesson, and to record your responses to each unit question. By the end of the unit, the work you do in this guide will become a thorough review sheet that you can use to develop strong and wellsupported exam essays. PART 1: ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Before you start your reading for this unit, take a look at the following questions. These questions are important, because they are the broad questions that summarize each day’s lesson. As you read, try to identify information and evidence that can help you answer each question. When you find key passages, note the page numbers and sources, so that you can access this information easily later for studying and assessments. Questions Directions: Preview these questions before reading.

What were the causes of anti-British sentiments during the colonial America period? Note the role class differences played within the colonies and during the early period of the young nation. How did government actions and colonial reactions factor in? How did people in America begin to subscribe and support the idea of a huge, self-governing American empire? Britsh imposed many taxes and acts on the colonists that they didn’t agree with. The Boston “Massacre” propaganda didn’t help by making the British soldiers out to be murdered. Even the rich whites didn’t agree because the British limited their ability to go westward. Explain how effective a role did Thomas Paine’s Common Sense play in convincing colonists to sever ties with Britain. Thomas Paines “Common Sense” is, in short, a work that told the colonists that if they didn’t do anything against the British they are cowards and bad things will happen to them. This may not have been much but it worked and drove new colonists to the war effort because of the points made in the article, especially the parts of American deaths at the hands of the British. Common Sense was a hugely influential pamphlet that convinced many American colonists that the time had finally come to break away from British rule. No other figure played a greater role in moving the American people from a spirit of rebellion to one of revolution. Page 1 of 13

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Citation Directions: Note page numbers and sources from your readings or the Crash Course videos. History is a Weapon: A People’s History of the United States by Howard Zinn-Chapter 4: Tyranny is Tyranny

Thomas Paine - Common Sense (Excerpts)

HIS 315K How is searching for historical information online different from other forms of research? What steps do students need to take in researching information online to insure a better chance at validity?

Teaching History in the Digital Age by T. Mills Kelly 2 Finding: Search Engine-Dependent Learning

When searching online for historical research it is important that you get your facts from a credible source. Many sites are opinionated and simply bias towards one side. To make sure that the information you are getting is true one technique is to see who wrote the article, which website it is on, and the date it was last edited. Stamp March 22,This can gloss History is a Weapon: A 1764 In the study of history, conflicts are often distilled to Actwinners and losers. over various subtleties that should be further examined. How revolutionary was the People’s History of the 1765 American Revolution, and for who specifically could be deemed the winners or losers? United States by Howard Zinn-Chapter 5: A KInd of Quartering ActMay The winner title can easily go to the rich white men of America. The loser title goes Revolution Boston Tea Partyonto the British, slaves and maybe even women who supported the war and got nothing. Not to mention the slaves of the south who were arguably treated worse now. Explain why the Articles of Confederation proved too weak to meet the needs of the 13 U.S. History, “14 Making new states. Describe least two examples of the genius of the U.S. Constitution. Can Rules (14b)” Battles ofatLexington you spot any weaknesses?

and Concord- April 19, 1775

Battle of Bunker HillJune 17, 1775

Genius ● Voting for president with the electoral college vote ○ The reason that this is genius is that it gives people an option to choose but also makes sure that people are not stupid. British Surrender● Separation of power/checks and balances Declaration of ober 18, 1781 ○ This is a genius because the government is split up and therefore can Indep make sure one side doesn’t do anything that the other sides do not agree 4, 177 with. Weakness Treaty college of Paris● Electoral September 1783 ○ With this,3,the voters of the electoral college can massively change the outcome of the election and may choose based on bias or maybe even bribes. Whenever changes are proposed there will always be supporters and detractors. When Where US Politics Came the new Constitution was offered for ratification two sides manifested, those who From: Crash Course US opposed and those who supported it. How did those sides differ in their perspectives on History #9 the new constitution and who valid where their positions? The two sides were opposed to each other based on their ideas of having a strong central government or a weak one. The argument was between more power to the states or more power to the central government. Federalists believed in the constitution because they believed it gave the government enough power to do what needs to be done. The antifederalists opposed it because they thought the government had too much power and the states where not given enough rights. The ideals of leaders are often tested as they exercise their judgement in decision making. How did Thomas Jefferson fare in keeping true to his beliefs when they came into conflict with political realities as president? Page 2 of 13

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Thomas Jefferson & His Democracy: Crash Course US History #10

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He reduced taxes, reducing the government budget, and tried to live in peace by cutting down the military numbers. Doing this he fulfilled his promise of being for the little guys (poor whites) and being a beacon for peace, until later on in his presidency, that is.

PART 2: INTRODUCTORY TERMS AND IDEAS Stamp 22,all assigned material in Lesson 1. Write the 1764 To prepare for the beginning of the unit quiz, Actread March and watch definition, time period and/or date, and1765 historical significance of each term in the space provided, and connect each term to a course Big Idea (American Identities, Reform and Renewal, Self and Society, Labor and Technology, America inActthe World). Quartering May The time period and dates will help you to construct historical chronologies in Part 45of this guide. Boston Tea PartyTerms

Time Period and/or Date(s)

and Concord-1787 April 19, 1775

December 16, 1773

Definition and Significance

Battle Bunker Hill- Founding Fathers, he In 1788,of as one of America's June 17,New 1775 convinced Yorkers to agree to ratify the U.S

Course Big Idea Self and Society American Identities

Constitution. Alexander Hamilton was a key figure in the ratification

Declaration of Independence- July Alexander Hamilton 4, 1776 1781

Treaty of ParisSeptember 3, 1783 Articles of Confederation

secretary of the United States during Washington's presidency The Articles of Confederation established the functions of the government and set the foundation for the constitution that the United States currently has in place.

Self and Society Reform and Renewal

The weaknesses of this document led to the formation of the Constitution. 1787

Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of America who helped draft the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

Self and Society American Identities

1791

This document is made of the first 10 amendments that are in the Constitution.

Self and Society Reform and Renewal

Benjamin Franklin

These amendments guarantee essential rights and civil liberties, such as the right to free speech and the right to a fair trial, as well as reserving rights to the people and the states.

Bill of Rights Boston Massacre

British of the USSurrenderconstitution and a prolific writer in its defence, and18, later1781 he served as the first treasury October

March 5, 1770

The presence of British troops in Boston led to the broiling of antagonism between citizens and British soldiers. The Massacre began as a snowballing of British soldiers, then developed into a mob attack, and Page 3 of 13

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American Identities Self and Society Reform and Renewal

HIS 315K then people began firing. Three Bostonians were killed. The Boston Massacre was dramatically pictured as proof of British heartlessness and tyranny. This led to the Parliament’s repeal of the Townshend Acts. disguised as Mohawk Indians and led by Samuel Sugar Act- A December 5, 16, Men Adams boarded three British ships lying at anchor and 1773 Sdumped their tea cargo into Boston harbor. 1764 1765

Quartering Act- May 5 Boston Tea Party 1787

If the destruction of the tea went unpunished, Parliament would admit to the world that it had no control over the colonies. Official opinion in Britain condemned the BBoston Tea Party an act of vandalism and advocated legal measures to bring the rebellious colonists into line. D The three major compromises were the Great Compromise, the Three-Fifths Compromise, and the Electoral College.

Battles of Lexington and Concord- April 19,(31775 Constitution major

B JThe Great Compromise settled matters of representation

compromises)

in the federal government. 1766

This act asserted the authority of Parliament to make

Declaration of Independence- July 4, Act 1776 Declaratory 1788

Treaty of ParisSeptember 3, 1783 Federalist Paper #10 1788

laws binding the colonies "in all cases whatsoever." British SurrenderOctober 18, 1781 This repeal movement ensured that the British

Self and Society Reform and Renewal

American Identities Reform and Renewal

Parliament had control over the colonies despite what the colonists argued. Federalist No. 10 is an essay that was written by James Madison, the tenth paper of The Federalist Papers, which was a series of essays initiated by Alexander Hamilton arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution.

Reform and Renewal

The Federalists favored a strong central government, while the Antifederalists preferred a loose association of separate states.

American Identities

Both parties voiced their concerns regarding the Constitution but eventually joined together to ratify the Constitution.

Federalists and AntiFederalists 1796

George Washington’s Farewell Address

American Identities Reform and Renewal

This was a letter written after completing his service as President. In his letter, Washington warned the nation to "steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world." This advice influenced American attitudes toward the rest of the world for generations to come, whether people took the advice or not. Page 4 of 13

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Reform and Renewal

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Intolerable Acts (aka CoerciveSugar Acts) Act- April

1764

5,

May

John Adams Battles

of Lexington and Concord-1763 April 19, 1775

American Identities Self and Society

application...the best-informed man on any point in debate." Madison today is recognized as the "Father of the Constitution."

Boston Tea PartyVice President of George Washington, then made December 1773 retired in 1797. President after 16, Washington

1797

Reform and Renewal

Led to the meeting of colonial representatives chosen by provincial congresses or popular conventions (First Continental Congress)

Stamp ActMarch 22,a thorough student of A practical young statesman, 1politics and history, and "from a spirit of industry and

1787

Quartering ActJames Madison 5

The Intolerable Acts (Boston Port Bill, Administration Justice Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Quartering Act, & Quebec Act) were a set of laws passed by the Parliament to punish Massachusetts for their defiance.

American Identities Self and Society

The United State’s second president.

BThe Royal Proclamation of 1763 reserved all the territory between the Alleghenies, Florida, the Jwestern Mississippi River and Quebec for use by Native

Reform and Renewal

Americans.

Declaration of Independence- July 1790s 4, 1776

Proclamation of 1763

Republic

Treaty of ParisSeptember 3, 1783 18th century

Republican Virtue (Republicanism)

BThis measure, in the eyes of the colonists, constituted disregard to the colonists’ right to occupy and settle O western lands. It prevented Westward Expansion. A republic is a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.

Self and Society Reform and Renewal

This is the form of government that the U.S is. Republicanism is a representative form of government organization. It is a political ideology centered on citizenship in a state organized as a republic.

Self and Society Reform and Renewal

This is the basis by which our government was formed upon. 1798

This was an act that was passed that basically forbid U.S Self and Society citizens to speak badly of America in preparation for a Reform and Renewal war with France. (Quasi-War)

Sedition Act Seven Years War (Treaty 1756 – 1763 of Paris)

The Seven Years' War, also known as the French and Indian War, began as a fight between French and colonists and merged into a European conflict involving France, Austria, and Russia against Prussia and Britain. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris, where France lost all claims to Canada and gave Page 5 of 13

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America and the World

HIS 315K Louisiana to Spain, while Britain received Spanish Florida, Upper Canada, and various French holdings overseas. August 31, 1786 – June 1787

Sugar Act- April 5, 1764 Quartering ActShays’ Rebellion 5

May

Shays' Rebellion began in 1786 as organized protests by farmers in western Massachusetts against the debt and tax collection practices of the state's government. The farmers had been plagued by excessive property taxes leading to farm foreclosures or even imprisonment.

Stamp Act- March 22, Shays' Rebellion focused attention on serious 1765

weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation that prevented the national government from effectively managing the country's finances.

Boston Tea PartyThis act required that revenue stamps be affixed to all December 16, 1773 newspapers, broadsides, pamphlets, licenses, leases or

1765

Battles of Lexington and Concord- April 19, 1775

Self and Society

Reform and Renewal

other legal documents, to be used for "defending, protecting and securing" the colonies.

Battle ofhostility Bunker HillIt aroused from the most powerful and June 17,groups: 1775journalists, lawyers, clergymen, articulate merchants and businessmen. Merchants organized for resistance and formed non-importation associations. This sparked the greatest organized resistance.

Stamp Act 1765

Declaration of 1764 Independence- July 4, 1776 Treaty of ParisSeptember 3, 1783

Sugar Act 1764 January 1776

Thomas Paine, Common Sense Townshend Acts

British SurrenderOctober 18, 1781

This act forbade the importation of foreign rum; put a modest duty on molasses from all sources and levied duties on wines, silks, coffee and a number of other luxury items (in hopes of reduced smuggling).

Reform and Renewal

Merchants, legislatures and town meetings protested the law, and colonial lawyers found the Sugar Act to be "taxation without representation" under the preamble. It violated their rights and liberties as colonists. Paine attacked the idea of hereditary monarchy, declaring that one honest man was worth more to society than "all the crowned ruffians that ever lived." He presented the alternatives -- continued submission to a tyrannical king and an outworn government, or liberty and happiness as a self-sufficient, independent republic.

American Identities Self and Society

Common Sense helped to crystallize the desire for separation. 1767

The Townshend Acts said taxes imposed on goods imported by the colonies were legal while internal taxes (like the Stamp Act) were not. The British government placed new taxes (on imports of paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea) and took away some freedoms from the colonists. Page 6 of 13

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Reform and Renewal

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The agitation following enactment of the Townshend duties was strong; John Dickinson argued that the Parliament had the right to control imperial commerce but didn’t have the right to tax the colonies externally or internally.

Sugar Act- April 5, 17th century 1764

The yeoman farmer who owned his own modest farm

Sand worked it primarily with family labor remains the 1embodiment of the ideal American: honest, virtuous,

American Identities

hardworking, and independent.

Quartering Act- May 5 Yeoman farmer

These same values made yeomen farmers central to the

Brepublican vision of the new nation. December 16, 1773

PART 3: ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS AND SIGNIFICANT TERMS

and Concord- April

Battle of Bunker Hill-

Now it’s19, your1775 turn! Choose your own key terms based on the lesson questions below, adding your own June 17, 1775 definitions, time periods and/or dates, and historical significance, but you will need more than the spaces provided. Think of these terms as evidence you can use to build strong historical arguments, which will help you complete your assignments and exams for this course. At the end of each lesson, write your own summary British Surrenderresponse to each lesson’s broad question.

Declaration of October 18, 1781 July Adding Independencerows for more terms: You will need to add more space to each table as you discover additional key 4, 1776 terms. To do this click in the box on the last row of terms, right click, select “Insert” and “Rows Below.” Add as many as you need for each lesson. You can also attach additional pieces of paper if you print out your study guide. Treaty of Paris-

September 3, 1783 Lesson 2: Rise of Anti-British Sentiment

Essential Question: What were the causes of anti-British sentiments during the colonial America period? Note the role cl...