Unit 5 The Image of Nursing PDF

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Unit 5: The Image of Nursing Textbook------Chapter 2: The Contemporary Image of Professional Nursing IMAGES OF NURSING ● Where have you seen the portrayals of nurses and nursing? ● What are the nurses portrayed or described as? ● Are some of these inaccurate portrayals or stereotypes? WHY IS IMAGE IMPORTANT ● Hospital patients entrust their life and well-being to the one person who has 24/7 direct responsibility for their care and their environment. REGISTERED NURSE SUPPLY ● State and national recruitment incentives ● Legislative efforts ● Growth in associate and baccalaureate programs ● Migration of international educated nurses ● Entice nurses back into workforce NURSING IN ART AND LITERATURE ● ‘Can I trust and entrust my life to this nurse?’ Antiquity Image of Nursing ● ~1900 BC Exodus I of the Old Testament ○ Earliest literary reference ○ The practice of two midwives became the vehicles through which the Israelites, the Jewish race, and the resultant Judeo-Christian heritage survived. th ● 6 Century - 1800s Nurses ○ Untrained servants ○ Soldiers ○ Women of religious orders Victorian Image of Nursing ● 1884 - Charles Dickenson’s novel Martin Chuzzlewit portrayed Sairey Gamp as drunken, unkempt nurse [negative portrayal] ○ Nursing provided a way to profit from the sick and dying. ● 1857 - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s poem Santa Filomena portrayed the heroic Florence Nightingale [positive portrayal] Early Twentieth-Century Nursing ●

Nurses in war settings capture the attention of artists. ○ George Bellows’ 1918 canvas

Unit 5: The Image of Nursing Textbook------Chapter 2: The Contemporary Image of Professional Nursing

‘Edith Cavell Directing the Escape of Soldiers from Prison Camp’ The 1930s Nurse as Angel of Mercy

White Angel: portrayed Nightingale’s persistence and head-to-head confrontation with medicine 1936 Film Later Endorsed by ANA

Germany’s 1936 Stamp Larger-than-life nurse compassionately overlooking people

Unit 5: The Image of Nursing Textbook------Chapter 2: The Contemporary Image of Professional Nursing

1938 Spirit of Nursing Statue: to honor military nurses Arlington National Cemetery The 1940s Nurse as Heroine

1942 Movie Nurses care for soldiers in Philippines; provided care with few supplies and no staff to the thousands of soldiers

Book Heroic story of nurses on Bataan: When the last nurses were to be evacuated from the occupied islands, a number of nurses voluntarily stayed behind, made the march to Bataan, and were interned as prisoners of war.

Unit 5: The Image of Nursing Textbook------Chapter 2: The Contemporary Image of Professional Nursing

Australian Stamp 1940 Larger-than-life nurse looking over soldier, sailor, aviator

Costa Rica Stamp 1945 Florence Nightingale and Edith Corell ● After nursing’s glorious contributions to World War II, nurses returned home to find low salaries, long hours, too few staff, and too many patients.

Glamorized in romance novels such as Cherry Ames and Sue Barton series Nursing in the Antiestablishment Era of the 1960s ● Media images and art

Unit 5: The Image of Nursing Textbook------Chapter 2: The Contemporary Image of Professional Nursing ○ Tv shows: nurse as a background ■ Nurse as a background figure to physicians ○ Movies: ■ One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest ● Entrusted with the care of the mentally ill, Nurse Ratched, a militaristic nurse in a starched white uniform, was the ultimate power figure that punished patients to cure their psychosis through conformity to a “system.” ● In reality ○ Nurses - central figures in development of Specialty Units ○ 1st Nurse Practitioner program began ○ U.S. Bureau of Labor study of salaries Nursing in the Sexual Revolution of the 1970s ● 1976 stamp ○ Clara Maas, She Gave Her Life ■ Commemorated the 100th birthday of a 25-year-old nurse who died after deliberately obtaining two carrier mosquito bites so that she could continue providing care to soldiers with yellow fever in the SpanishAmerican War ● M*A*S*H ○ TV series -----> positive and negative portrayal ■ The sexual exploits of nurses and physicians and the uncaring Margaret “Hot Lips” Hoolihan provided few positive images. However, for the American public who were receiving a daily dose of Vietnam footage on nightly news, M*A*S*H presented a glimmer of reality. Nursing in the 1980s to 1990s ● Media and film images ○ The nurse is a knowledgeable, nonjudgmental caregiver.

Unit 5: The Image of Nursing Textbook------Chapter 2: The Contemporary Image of Professional Nursing

● Artistic portrayals of nursing focused on caring

Millennial Media ● Mixture of positive and negative portrayals ○ 2000 Meet the Parents, 2004 Meet the Fockers, 2010 The Little Fockers ■ The character of Greg Focker, RN, endures his father-in-law’s stereotyped views about men who are nurses. ○ 2001 Pearl Harbor ■ Nurses were positively portrayed as heroically providing care and order to the chaos following the bombing attack on Pearl Harbor. ○ ER, Grey’s Anatomy, House, Scrubs [physicians primary character]

Unit 5: The Image of Nursing Textbook------Chapter 2: The Contemporary Image of Professional Nursing ■ Because the primary storylines, which focus on physicians, portray the physicians negatively, the scriptwriters’ neglect of nursing may be professionally helpful to nursing. ○ 2009-2011 HawthoRNe ■ Christina Hawthorne, a multitasking chief nursing officer with strong administrative and clinical skills who advocated for patients and nurses ■ Breaches of nurses’ ethical standards, sexual interaction between a patient and nurse, and porous professional boundaries negatively portrayed nursing ○ 2009 Nurse Jackie Social Media Know your professional boundaries! ● Breach boundaries=discipline ○ Thirty-three state boards of nursing (SBNs) reported receiving complaints about nurses’ use of social media, and twenty-six of these SBNs reported having disciplined the licenses of nurses. ○ Nursing students have been expelled from nursing programs because of both positive and negative postings about patients. ○ The courts have upheld those decisions because of the significant breach of professional boundaries. ○ Nurses have “friended” patients and their families, leading to significant concerns about maintaining professional boundaries. ○ Nurses have been terminated from positions and had their licenses disciplined or removed because they have posted pictures of patients on a social media site. Images of Nursing ● Numerous advertisements imprint negative and harmful image of nursing at a time of critical global nursing shortage ○ i.e. ‘Naughty and Nice’ ■ Global ad campaign magazines ■ Christina Aguilera - inject me

Unit 5: The Image of Nursing Textbook------Chapter 2: The Contemporary Image of Professional Nursing

○ i.e. ‘Get Fresh’ Nursing’s Response ● 1993 National Student Nurses Association (NSNA) ○ Image of Nursing program ○ “Nursing: not just a job, a profession” ● 2001 John Hopkins School of Nursing founded the Center for Nursing Advocacy; 2008 now known as the Truth About Nursing Media Campaigns for Nursing ● 1990 Tri-council of Nursing ○ Implemented Nurses of America (NOA) media campaign to convey to the public that nurses are expert clinicians who are able to interpret technical data in usable ways as well as coordinate and negotiate health care ● 1998 Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI) study of 20,000 articles published in 16 newspapers, magazines, and other health care publications indicated that nurses were cited only 4% of the time in the more than 2000 articles about health care ● Nurses for a Healthier Tomorrow campaign ○ Johnson & Johnson $50 million multi-year Campaign of Nursing’s Future THE ENDURING PUBLIC CONCERN WITH

NURSING

Unit 5: The Image of Nursing Textbook------Chapter 2: The Contemporary Image of Professional Nursing

*Gallup Poll of Ethics* ● In the 2014, Gallup poll on ethical professions, 80% of the public rated nurses as the most ethical profession. ● In 2010, The Institute of Medicine (IOM) issued a landmark report, The Future of Nursing, that has significantly impacted the image and future of nursing. This report included four main recommendations: 1. Higher levels of nursing education (80% BSN by 2020 and doubling the number of doctorates) through seamless academic progression 2. Removal of barriers to enable nurses to practice to their full scope of practice based on their educational preparation 3. Inclusion of nurses as full partners with physicians and other professionals in redesigning the health care system in the United States 4. Improved data collection and information infrastructure to facilitate more effective workforce planning and information infrastructure ○ The IOM also recommended nurse residency programs that would be funded by the Secretary of Health and Human Services redirecting all graduate medical education funds from diploma schools to residency programs in rural and critical access areas, a change in accreditation standards to include an assessment of clinical competency, seamless access to higher levels of nursing education that extends beyond an articulation agreement, ensuring that nurses engage in lifelong learning, and prepare and enable nurses to lead change to advance health. ○ They envisioned nursing preparation for leading change that would occur through the inclusion of leadership and business practices across all nursing curricula and the development of leadership and mentoring programs, as well as the inclusion of nurses on all private, public, and governmental health care boards, executive management teams, and in other strategic leadership roles. THE REALITY OF THE CONTEMPORARY STAFF NURSE ● What do you think about the reality of today’s nurse? ● The last National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses (NSSR) found that 79.8% of practicing RNs were satisfied with their job and 88.4% were with the same employer the preceding year. ● Among all RNs, nursing facility are the most satisfied (86.6%). ● A more recent survey found that 90% of RNs were satisfied with their career choice. FACTS ABOUT TODAY’S REGISTERED NURSE (Pages 30-31)

Unit 5: The Image of Nursing Textbook------Chapter 2: The Contemporary Image of Professional Nursing

Recruiting men into nursing

Recruiting minorities into nursing Potential Negative Image Makers

CREATING THE IMAGE OF TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY NURSING ● Value nursing; project it daily ● Promote positive images

Unit 5: The Image of Nursing Textbook------Chapter 2: The Contemporary Image of Professional Nursing ● Act and dress the part (professionalism) ● Keep role boundaries clear ● Recognize the benefit of membership in the American Nurses Association, Sigma Theta Tau International, National League for Nursing, and specialty organizations ● Value caring, health promotion, and health ● Deliver excellent patient care Positive Images of Nursing ● Central message for all nurses: Each nurse forms the image of nursing every day. Changing Nurse-Physician Interactions ● When a physician notifies a nurse about a problem, a more positive answer is, “Thank you. Let me investigate the problem and get back to you.” ● Lengthy detailed discussions are seldom useful. ● When the nurse makes an error, a simple apology and sincere statement of corrective action is sufficient. Refer to Case Study 2-1 and 2-2. THE LOOK OF NURSING “When you’re a nurse you know that every day you will touch a life or a life will touch yours.”...