Urbanism as a way of life PDF

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noter til L. Wirth (1938), ‘Urbanism as a way of life’ The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 1-24 = 24 pages ...

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L. Wirth (1938), ‘Urbanism as a way of life’ The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 1-24 = 24 pages The city and contemporary civilization P. 1-3 The influence the city has on the social life of man are bigger than the ratio of the urban population would indicate “To study the differences between the rural and the urban mode of living” “We should not expect to find abrupt and discontinuous variation between urban and rural types of personality”, because the cities where first populated by people from the countryside P. 3 A sociological definition of the city P. 3-8 Not defined by inhabitants P. 4 Transportation and communication have given the city a even more dominant role and it has expanded the urban mode og living beyond the confines of the city itself P. 4-5 Communities range from “struggling small towns to thriving world-metropolitan centers” P. 6 Rural life will bear the imprint of urbanism through contact and communication it comes under the influence of cities P. 7 A theory of urbanism P. 8-18 A identifying characteristics of the city, which will be done as inclusive and at the same time as denotative as possible without loading it with unnecessary assumptions P. 8-9 Size of the population P. 10-14 Large cities - greater range of individual variation + grater potential differentiation between them - might lack neighborhood + changes characters of social relationships (simmel) P. 11 - the people they see during the day they know smaller proportion/less intensive knowledge of them P. 12 The extreme degree of interdependence and the unstable equilibrium of urban life are closely associated with the division of labor and the specialization of occupation P. 13 Density P. 14-16 “The close physical contact of numerous individuals creates a shift in the mediums through we orient ourselves to the urban milieu and to our fellow-men p. 14 The world is getting more removed from the world of nature “The close living together and working together of individual who have no sense of sentimentality and emotional ties foster a spirit of competition, aggrandizement, and mutual exploitation” P. 15 Heterogeneity P. 16-18 Cities tends to break down cast lines and complicate the class structure - differentiated framework of social stratification than is found in more integrated societies - mobility of the individual P. 16 Its difficult to determine what in his own best interest and to decide between the issues and leader presented to him by the agencies of mass suggestion P. 17 “The rise of factory made possible mass production for an impersonal market” P. 17 The relation between a theory of urbanism and sociological research P. 18-19 Urbanism approached empirically from three perspectives P. 18-19 Urbanism in ecological perspective P. 19-20 “The technical facilities and the skills and organizations to which urban life gives rise can grow and prosper only in cities where the demand is sufficiently great” P. 19 Decline in brith rate - most significant signs of the urbanization of the western world. Urbanism as a form of social organization P. 20-23 The low brith rate my suggest tha city are not built for traditional families - the mother is working P. 21 No more class system, but employed individuals. “Urban existence involves much greater degree of interdependence between man and man and a more complicated, fragile and volatile form of mutual interralations. P. 22 Urban personality and collective behavior P. 23-24 “Social control in the city should typically proceed through formally organized groups” P. 23...