URT Infections - Lecture notes 32 PDF

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Summary

BACTERIAL URTI GRAM STAIN RESULT DISEASES CAUSED EPIDEMIOLOGY VIRULENCE CHARACTERISTICSTonsillitis, Laryngitis • Gr am-Positive • Strep. pyogenes - Strep. pneumoniae Infection of the tonsil(s) or larynx Epiglottitis • Gram -N egative • Haemophilus influenzae Opportunistic HIB vaccine decreases Death...

Description

BACTERIAL URTI Tonsillitis, Laryngitis

Epiglottitis

GRAM STAIN RESULT • Gram-Positive

•

Gram-Negative

DISEASES CAUSED • Strep. pyogenes • Strep. pneumoniae • Haemophilus influenzae

EPIDEMIOLOGY

• • •

Sinusitis

Pharyngitis

• • • •

•

Gram-Negative Gram-Positive Gram-Positive Gram-Positive

Gram-Positive

Haemophilus influenzae • Strep. pyogenes • Strep. pneumoniae • Staph. aureus • Strep. pyogenes Group A •

•

VIRULENCE

Opportunistic HIB vaccine decreases Death within hours Viruses, fungi, allergies

•

CHARACTERISTICS Infection of the tonsil(s) or larynx

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Swelling of the epiglottis

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Bacterial infection of the sinuses Runny nose, greenish discharge Pain/headache

• • • •

Causes 5-10%, rest • viral • Group A • carbohydrate

M protein LTA Hyaluronic acid

• •

• • • •

Scarlet Fever

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Gram-Positive

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Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep)

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Bacteriophage allows for erythrogenic toxin production

• • •

LTA M protein Hyaluronic acid

• • •

Mimics heart antigens Inflammation of the throat, Reddened and/or swollen mucosa Swollen tonsils & lymph nodes Foul-smelling breath White pockets visible on throat walls Pinkish skin rash Strawberry tongue High fever

Diphtheria

•

Gram-positive rods

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• • • • Otitis media

• • • • • •

Gram-Negative Gram-Negative Gram-Positive Gram-Positive Gram-Positive Gram-Positive

• • • • •

Sore throat, Malaise, neck swelling Lymphocytosis Forms tough, greyish membrane Block airway Heart defects, paralysis Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis Strep. pyogenes Strep. pneumoniae Staph. aureus

• • • • •

•

• • • •

VIRAL URTI Common Cold

• •

DISEASES CAUSED Rhinovirus (children) o 99 strains Coronaviruses (adults) o 30 strains

• • •

Corynebacterium • diphtheriae Respiratory spread Non-immunized persons Epidemic in places Many non-virulent strains are normal flora Chronic ear • infections due to biofilms Common Developing eustachian tubes Culture only if ear drum bursts Secondary yeast infections

Diphtheria toxin

• • •

Biofilm

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EPIDEMIOLOGY Age-dependent Transmission by droplet and by hands, fomites Predispose to secondary infection

• • • • •

Club-shaped Forms palisades AB toxin

KEY CHARACTERISTICS Virus in lungs Adenoviruses Coxsackieviruses Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) 40% no isolatable causative agent...