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LESSON 8: MATERIAL AND ECONOMIC SELF • A discussion of the potential relationships between materialism and several economic variables, including use of money, work motivation, giving, and materialism all the physical elements that reflects who a person is such as body, clothes, money, family, and anything we have. MATERIAL SELF PRESENTATION AND IDENTITY • According to John Heskett, the design combines “needs” and “desire” in the form of a practical object that can also reflect the user’s identity and aspiration through its form and decoration • Design really matters from the smallest things like toothpick, spoon, and fork. The kind of presentation of food that people eat up to the bigger gadgets, equipment, and cars Material Self It refers to tangible objects, people, or places that carry the designation my or mine. Material Self Two subclasses of the material self can be distinguished: bodily self and the extracorporeal (beyond the body) self. Rosenberg (1979) has referred to the extracorporeal self as the extended self. Material Self • The bodily self – the parts of our body • Extracorporeal – any material possessions which extends our body. Bodily -A person speaks of my arms or my legs. These entities are clearly an intimate part of who we are. But our sense of self is not limited to our bodies. Extracorporeal -It includes other people (my children), pets (my dog), possessions (my car), places (my home town), and the products of our labors

(my painting). It is not the physical entities themselves, however, that comprise the material self. -The material self, according to James primarily is about our bodies, clothes, immediate family and home. He believed a person's clothes were one way they expressed who they felt they were; or clothes were a way to show status, thus contributing to forming and maintaining one's self-image Roland Barthes • French critical theorist was one of the first to observe the relationship that people have with objects and in particular looked at objects as signs or things which could be decoded to convey messages beyond their practical value Roland Barthes • He popularized the field of Semiology (The study of object as sign) • A sign is anything that conveys meaning Semiotic Analysis • In Semiotic Analysis, objects functions as signifiers in the production of meaning they construct a meaning and carry a message, which as a member of a culture one can understand. Semiotic is the study of signs that Barthes introduced. Examine how words, photographs, images and objects can work as language to communicate a range of ideas, associations and feelings. Barthes ideas • According to him a sign has two elements: Signifier- Refers to its physical form (Ex Diamond ring) Signified- Refers to mental concepts (Ex. Engaged to be married

The things we own is an extension of ourselves. Possessions are the extended versions of oneself • The things people use, own and surround themselves with might accurately reflect their personalities. Not surprisingly, the clothes one wear the car one drives and the furnishing of one’s home are all expression of one self The theory and meaning of material possessions Material possessions • Signify aspects of one's sense of self and identity • One's sense of self and identity is influential on how an individual chooses to purchase his or her wants and he or she makes economic decisions that will address his or her personal and social needs Ditmar suggest that material good can fulfill a range of instrumental, social, symbolic and affective functions

with Hello kitty brand. Others may express their favorite color through the color of their accessories. Material possessions  Russel Belk posits that “…we regard our possessions as part of ourselves. We are what we have and what we possess.”  Material possession gains higher value in our lifetime if we use material possession to find happiness, associate these things with significant events, accomplishments, and people in our lives We use them to signal to ourselves, and others, who we want to be and where we want to belong. However, putting too much of one's life on the things you own may have negative effects for one’s identity—materialism Childhood & Adolescence ...

1.Instrumental Functions- relate to the functional properties of a product (Ex. A person bought a pick-up style of car for family and business functions) 2.Social Symbolic Functions- Signify personal qualities, social standing, group affiliation and gender role. (Ex. For instance buying an iPhone instead of other mobile phones.) 3. Categorical Functions- refer to the extent to which material possessions may be used to communicate group membership and status. (Ex. Buying or renting a condo unit in Makati city) 4. Self-Expressive Functions- reflect a person’s unique qualities, values or attitudes. There are people who may represent themselves by collecting object

The idea that we can own something, is one that children grasp by the age of two. And by six, they exhibit the ‘endowment effect’, placing extra value on an object simply by virtue of it being, or having been, theirs. Through adolescence, possessions increasingly reflect who people are, or at least how they would like to see themselves. ADULTHOOD our things embody our sense of self adulthood and identity still further, becoming external receptacles for our memories, relationships, and travels. Materialism - having a self-concept that is based on what one possesses either intrinsically (abilities, skills, physical

appearance) or extrinsically (clothes, social environment) Kashdan & Breen, 2007 Economic Self Presentation and Identity Economics is defined as the study of things that a person is lacking How people make use of the things that they have and making the right decisions • It is the condition of the person, group or region as regards to material prosperity. • Economic self-sufficiency- is the ability of individuals and families to consistently meet their needs Economic Self Presentation and Identity • Economic Consciousness - Is the result of socialization and professionalization of the subject that acquires a particular significance in human affairs. Includes social perceptions, attitudes, relationship and opinions of person/social groups Economic Consciousness and Economic Identity

• Affective Motive- is a concept used in Environmental Psychological Affect (emotions) serves as a motivator of pro environmental behavior. • People’s emotional affinity with nature can be a better predictor of pro environmental behavior than cognitive beliefs about environmental issues. In Relation to the economic self, affective motive can be a cause of the buying behavior. The role of consumer culture on the sense of self identity Consumer identity is the pattern of assumption that describes the consumer people may no longer consume goods and services primarily because of its functional satisfaction • Consumption has become increasingly more meaning biased brands as often used as symbiotic resources for the construction and maintenance of identity • People may construct their social identities through the consumption of commercial brand or luxury commodities

• Economic Identity- is a psychological phenomenon that result from social categorization. The factors that affect the economic identity of the individual are professional development and selfdetermination as well as the motivational and value sphere of his personality

• Consumerism is the preoccupation with and an inclination towards the buying of consumer goods.

SYMBOLIC MOTIVES Status- The extent to which people believe they can derive of recognition or achievement from owning and using the right list of products, can be an important motivator of behavior. The importance ascribed to the ownership and acquisition of manners of goods in achieving major life goals.

• High class consumption is attached to the identities of people. By Choice of Compulsion people respond to goods and services based on people’s assumptions that it is associated to pro social identities.

• It is also based on the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically desirable

• Behavioral Finance is a new field that combines behavioral and cognitive psychological theory with conventional economics and finance to provide

explanation for why people make irrational financial decisions fails to choose then that person chooses to fail.

2. Cognitive Approach - suggests that our behaviors are caused mostly by our own mental processing.

• Decision making is important when being confronted to buy something. On the other hand, when a person only buys goods because he needs them, he may feel incomplete for it lacks the joy buying for wants provide the person. Thus, behavioral Finance tries to provide answers to these instantly faces of consumer’s behavior

FACTORS IN PURCHASING ITEMS AND SERVICES FACTORS 1. Financial constraints 2. Availability of items and services 3. Influence of family and friends

Consumer Psychology It is the study of why people buy things. Psychologists try to find the underlying cognitive processes that explain consumers' choices and how they respond to the influence of marketing, as well as the external stimuli that convince people to purchase certain items THEORIES OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR 1, Behaviorism - people's actions are driven by external stimuli. We become convinced to do things because of some outside influence. -Impulsive buying is the tendency of a customer to buy goods and services without planning in advance. When a customer takes such buying decisions at the spur of the moment, it is usually triggered by emotions and feelings. -An impulse purchase or impulse buying is an unplanned decision to buy a product or service, made just before a purchase. One who tends to make such purchases is referred to as an impulse purchaser or impulse buyer.

Utility and significance • In the process of acquiring material goods, people generally consider two things: 1. UTILITY as how things serve its practical purpose and 2. SIGNIFICANCE concerning the meaning assigned to the object

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Lesson 9: The Digital Self Digital literacy is defined as those capabilities which make an individual live, learn and work in a digital society. Digital Self Defined - It is the personality or character that we manifest in the realms of various internet platforms. -It is a collection of posts, profile presentation and affirmed posts/materials from other people or sources. Social Media Platforms These are websites wherein an individual can digitally present oneself and interact with people around the globe. It involves registration through giving of some information about oneself. Maintenance of the registered account is necessary and it is through continuous account activation. 16 types of people on Facebook The "Lurker” - Never posts anything or comments on your post, but reads everything... The "Hyena" – Doesn’t ever really say anything just LOLs and LMAOs at everything. The “Mr./Ms. Popular”- Has 4367 friends for NO reason The "Gamer” - Plays Words with Friends, Mafia Wars, Bakes virtual cakes and stuff, etc., (ALL DAY) The “Prophet” - Every post makes reference to God. The “Thief” - Steals status updates and will probably steal this one. The "Cynic"- Hates their life, and everything in it, as evidenced by the somber tone in ALL of their status updates The “Collector” - Never posts anything either but joins every group and becomes fans of the most random stuff. The “Promoter” - Always sends event invitations to things that you ultimately delete or ignore.

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The "Liker” - Never actually says anything, buy always clicks the "like" button The “Hater" - Every post revolves around someone hating them, and they swear people are trying to ruin their life. The “Anti-Proofreader" - This person would benefit greatly from Spellcheck, and sometimes you feel bad for them because you don't know if they were typing fast, or really can’t spell. The “Drama Queen/ King" -This person always posts stuff like "I can't believe this!", or "They gonna make me snap today!". in the hopes that you will ask what happened or what's wrong. But then they never finish telling the story. "Womp Womp" - This person consistently tries to be funny... but never is. The "News" - Always updates you on what they are doing and who they are doing it with, no matter how arbitrary. The “Rooster” - Feels that it is their job to tell Facebook "Good Morning every day. Inappropriate Sharing -Inappropriate sharing may lead to the following: i) Embarrassment ii) Professional damage iii) Disciplinary procedures iv) Suspension v) Job loss What is digital self? - The digital self is the persona you use when you’re online. Some people maintain one or more online identifies that are distinct from their “real world” selves; others have a single online self-that’s more or less the same as the one they inhabit in the real world. - a mask that we put on to engage the technological world. - Physician and Psychoanalyst, Donald Winnicott, proposed a theory of self that posited there was a "true self" that is the instinctive core of our

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personality and must be nurtured and realized. TRUE SELF - We all have a "true self" that is complex and fragile, but ultimately, is our essence. - Then there is the "false self" that is created to protect the "true self" from insult and danger. Self-Presentation - The process individuals use to control the impressions of others social interaction. - Types of Self-Presentation: a) Authentic - Goal is to create an image consistent with the way we view ourselves. b) Ideal - Goal is to establish an image consistent with what we wish we were Tactical Self - Goal is to establish a public image consistent with what others want or expect us to be. - Tactical Impression Management (a) In tactical selfpresentation, a person cares only about the impact image they present to others, not about whether that image is consistent with their real or ideal self. - People who engage in tactical self— presentation usually have an ulterior motive. They always want others to view them positively to get rewards. Managing appearance - People try to control and plan their appearance. - The term appearance refers to everything about a person that others can observe. Online Impression Management

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Total Control of the things we want others to see.

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Managing Appearances Clothes Personal Possessions Grooming Habits BOUNDARIES OF SELF ONLINE

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PRIVACY SETTINGS - are controls available on many social networking and other websites that allow users to limit who can access your profile and what information visitors can see. - Settings & Privacy, Privacy, Account, Security, & Personal information. Online Identity - Internet identity, online identity or internet persona, is a social identity that an Internet user establishes in online communities and websites. - TYPES OF ONLINE IDENTITY:  Open - The Open Identity means that one will share authentic and genuine thoughts to the world.  Avoidance - The Avoidance Identity involves the restraint of all online activities and social media platforms.  Audience - The Audience Identity is the most common identity used throughout the Internet. One will use different social media platforms for different purposes. For example, one will use Facebook to update about family news, upload photos, and provide status.  Content - The Content Identity considers carefully

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crafted content directed towards all social media platforms.  Compartmentalization - The Compartmentalization Identity uses two or more different identities on different social media platforms. In this way, anonymity is established throughout different types of platforms. Digital footprint - A digital footprint is a trail of data you create while using the Internet. It includes the websites you visit, emails you send, and information you submit to online services. - From an article entitled Understanding and Creating Your Digital Self, Posted Aug 23, 2010 by Tamara J Hicks Psy.D. “Like it or not we all have a digital self, a mask that we put on to engage the technological world”. - How to protect your digital self?  User ID - lets a person associate a persistent ID for a single user with that user’s engagement data from one or more sessions initiated from one or more devices.  Username -a unique sequence of characters used to identify a user and allow access to a computer system, computer network, or online account.

PROS AND CONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA USE Positive effects of social media on the lives of teenagers - 1. They become more informed about current affairs. With social media, teens can easily find out

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about what is going on in their neighborhood, school, state, country and even the entire world. It is an important way to equip themselves with adequate knowledge of current affairs. This information can be quite useful and enables them to make informed decisions based on what they know. 2. It is easier to study and carry out research work. Social media platforms can act as a great study tool for students. They can use them to ask each other difficult questions that they could not solve on their own. It also makes it easier to for group discussions and study groups even when they are far from each other. Students can also post research work on social media platforms to educate other students on a particular topic. 3. Boosts self-esteem. Social media provides a place where teens can freely express themselves. They can join groups and fan pages that they are interested in and which reflect their own unique personality. This empowers them and makes them know that their opinion counts, thus boosting their self-esteem. Their confidence online is also transferred to their physical lives where they are able to pursue their passions to the fullest. 4. Helps teens with disabilities interact at the same level with other. Many times, teens with disabilities do not get an equal chance to interact with others. However, social media offers an equal opportunity to everyone. Teens with disabilities can do all of the activities that their fellow teenagers do on social media. This makes them feel that they actually belong and

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realize that they are not different at all. - 5. Assists in getting jobs. There are many jobs posted and applied for with the use of social media. Whether they are part time, full time, volunteer positions, internships or contract jobs, they can all be found on social media platforms that provide users with the ability to create their own unique profile of skills and interests. This allows teenagers to have access to new job opportunities especially from their locality. - 6. Social media helps teens keep up to date with the current technology. We all have to admit that this is the age of rapid technological advancements. When teenagers use social media, they embrace the technology that is widely available and use it for their own good. It is good for them to keep up with the changing trends in technology. Negative effects of social media on the lives of teenagers - 1. Teens are exposed to cyberbullying.

Lesson 10: Managing and taking care for the self Learning to be a better student What happens during learning?

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 Cyberbullying-bullying that takes places using electronic technology.  Cyber Harassment-the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) to harass, control, manipulate or habitually disparage someone. It is the adult form of cyber bullying. 2. Isolation of kids with disabilities. Teens with disabilities can become a target of prejudice from their fellow teens. This can make them feel isolated and very lonely. 3. Decreas...