Verbal Operant - Grade: 98.4 PDF

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Running head: VERBAL OPERANT

Verbal Operant Capella University PSY 7704 Applied Behavior Analysis Interventions Andrea Boschert October 8, 2018

VERBAL OPERANT Verbal Operant Grid As a result of…

One has a tendency to…

Verbal Operant

Wanting a drink

Say, “I want water!”

Mand

“How are you doing?”

Say, “I’m fine!”

Intraverbal

Sees and airplane

Say, “Look, a plane!”

Tact

Hearing “apple”

Says, “apple”

Echoic

Introduction This paper with discuss four verbal operant (tact, echoic, mand and intraverbal). A definition will be given for each of the four verbal operant along with some of the benefits for each one. It will also in examples for each verbal operant. Definition of the Four Verbal Operant Mand “The mand is a type of verbal operant in which a speaker asks for (or states, demands, implies, etc.) what he needs or wants (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007, p. 530).” In the grid above wanting water and then saying, “I want water!” the person is given the water making this a mand. The speaker is making the request which is “I want water!” it is driven by a motivating operation which makes it a mand. For this situation, the speaker has been denied of water somewhat to where they will ask for it. When they have had an adequate amount, they will no longer ask for it. Mands are different from the other three verbal operant as they do not require a motivating operation.

VERBAL OPERANT Intraverbal Asking someone “how are you doing” you might get the response “I’m fine!” making this an intraverbal. “An intraverbal is a verbal operant in which the speaker responds differentially to the listener by filling in the next word or answering a question (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007, p. 350).” An intraverbal is answering questions or having a conversation where the speaker’s words are controlled by other words. Question is “how are you” where the response is “I’m fine”. Intraverbal do not require a motivating operation. Tact A person sees a plane flying by and say’s “look, a plane!” this is a tact. “A tact is a verbal operant that the speaker labels once they have encounter stimuli through their senses (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007, p. 350).” The speaker see’s the plane and says look plane which is labeling the object as a plane thus making it a tact. Just like intraverbal a tact does not need a motivating operation. Tact does not use a motivating operation. Echoic The speaker says “apple” and the child repeats it and says “apple” making this echoic. An echoic is repeating what is heard (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007). Echoic is a point-to-point correspondence in which the audience echoes the speaker. Echoic is the only verbal operant that the audience repeats what the speaker says like the verbal operant grid shows. Echoic does not use a motivating operation instead it uses point-to-point. Example of each Verbal Operant This part of the paper will give my own example of a mand, tact, intraverbal and echoic. The child wants her daddy, so she says I want daddy. She is asking for her daddy and her daddy comes to her (reinforcer) thus making it a mand. The child sees her daddy walking in the door

VERBAL OPERANT and says daddy. The child is identifying an object (daddy) which got the response of daddy this is an example of a tact. The child heard mommy say daddy therefore she repeated her mommy by saying daddy. Being that the child repeating what her mother said makes this an echoic. Mommy says to her daughter, “mommy and…” the child responds by saying daddy. This is an intraverbal as the child words are controlled by other words. Explanation of Benefits There are many benefits to each of the verbal operant. Mand training helps those control their environment. The response directly benefits the speaker. Mand training directly benefits persons with developmental disabilities by precisely pointing these essential discrepancies. Tact benefits the listener. A benefit of tact is being able to identify objects. Tact tells the listener something about the environment regardless of the condition of the speaker. Another benefit of tact is that it improves the verbal communication. Conclusion In concluding, this paper gave the definition and benefits of the four verbal operant (tact, echoic, mand and intraverbal). It also gave several examples for each of them. We learned that a mand is a request, tact is labeling, intraverbal is fill-ins, and echoic is repeating. Each of these are great tools for teaching those with developmental disabilities.

VERBAL OPERANT References Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ:...