Visual imagery 5:8:19 - Lecture notes 9 PDF

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visual imagery, spatial representation, propositional representation...

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Define Visual Imagery and Its Role in Other Cognitive Functions o Visual imagery: “seeing” in the absence of a visual stimulus  Some people have exceptional visual imagery abilities  Spatial navigation: mental map of your surrounding with the understanding of where you are  Preparing future action  Ex. floor planning of a living space  Memory  Connecting certain memories and knowledge of one thing to another to remember  Reasoning and problem solving  Ex. glass tipping Know Similarities and Differences Between Visual Imagery and Perception o Imagery vs. perception  Visual imagery is less vivid than perception  Visual imagery and perception both involve spatial representation of stimuli  Visual imagery interacts with perception  Priming (imagining) with the same letter before you actually see the letter can allow faster recognition  Priming with a different letter that the one shown will cause slower recognition  Consistency = more accuracy  Visual imagery is effortful and fragile, whereas perception is automatic and stable  VI is more top-down processing  P is more bottom-up processing o Spatial representation: different parts of an image correspond to different locations in space  Mental scanning: we create mental images and then scan them into our mind  What we create in our mind has a similar proportion as the actual thing o It takes the same amount of time to “see” something as it would to find something in real life  Ex. boat  Mental rotation: we rotate visual images in the mind  Symbolic distance effect: we detect more details when we are closer to a stimulus  Ex. rabbit next to an elephant VS. rabbit next to a fly  The proportion changes depending on what we are told to picture o Propositional representation: different parts of an image can be represented by language or symbols  Alternatively, visual imagery may involve propositional representation of stimuli  Represented and organized in a way that is related to one another

Explain Ways That Visual Imagery Can Improve Memory  Visual imagery; memory is better if you form pictures in your mind  Pegword technique: concrete nouns create images that other words can “hang onto”, linking them to a number can create an order to a list  Method of loci: memory can be improved by visualizing to-be-remembered items in different locations in a mental image...