Volatile Suspended Solid Lab Report PDF

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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORYECW 568OPEN-ENDED LAB REPORTTITLE OF EXPERIMENT : VOLATILE SUSPENDED SOLIDSDATE OF EXPERIMENT : 18TH NOVEMBER 2020GROUP : EC220 /6C4AGROUP MEMBERS 1. INTAN AFIQAH BINTI KABRI (2019528043)2. AIN NAZIRA BINTI MOHD SABANDI (2019582535)3. HAIDHATUL AMIZZA BINTI AZMI (...

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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY ECW 568 OPEN-ENDED LAB REPORT

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT DATE OF EXPERIMENT GROUP GROUP MEMBERS

: VOLATILE SUSPENDED SOLIDS : 18TH NOVEMBER 2020 : EC220 /6C4A 1. INTAN AFIQAH BINTI KABRI (2019528043) 2. AIN NAZIRA BINTI MOHD SABANDI (2019582535) 3. HAIDHATUL AMIZZA BINTI AZMI (2019528193) 4. MUHAMMAD ZULHILMI BIN MUHAMMAD ZULHAZLI (2019528147) 5. LLOYDRYEN NAWANG SIMON (2019582329)

LECTURER LEVEL OF OPENESS

: DR. DZULAIKHA BINTI KHAIRUDDIN : 2 MARKS

COMMENTS

INTRODUCTION BASIC CONCEPTS METHODOLOGY

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4

5

RESULTS&ANALYSIS

1

2

3

4

5

DISCUSSION

1

2

3

4

5

CONCLUSION

1

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4

5

ORGANIZATION

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TOTAL MARKS

INTRODUCTION Volatile solids are the material lost after ignition at 550°C and those that remain as residue is called Fixed solids. The determination of VSS is useful in control operation of wastewater treatment plant operation because it offers a general rough approximation of the amount of organic matter present in the wastewater, activated sludge, and industrial wastes.

OBJECTIVE 1. To

determine the

concentration of

volatile

solids

and

fixed

solids

in

water samples. 2. To analyze the data and interpret the results of VSS experiment.

PROBLEM STATEMENT A study on a river has been carried out to monitor and assess the quality for possible water supply. In order to identify the condition of the water samples collected from the river, you are required to conduct Volatile Suspended Solids test and compare between both organic and inorganic matters in the water samples by using the appropriate apparatus in environmental laboratory.

APPARATUS 1. Crucible 2. Filter Paper 3. Beaker 4. Weight Balance 5. Standard Digital Oven 6. Muffle Furnace 7. Dessicator

PROCEDURE 1. The initial Dry Weight of Crucible (C) was note down. 2. The wastewater and were filled and solids retained in filter paper are suspended solids. 3. 10mL of Suspended Solids was taken and poured it in crucible. 4. The crucible was place inside oven and heated 103°C – 105°C. 5. The sample was cooled to room Temperature in dessicator. 6. The dry weight of crucible (A) was note down. 7. Oven dried sample was placed in muffle furnace and ignited at 550°C for 10-15 minutes. 8. The sample was cooled to room temperature in dessicator. 9. The Final Dry Weight of Crucible (B) was noted.

DATA ANALYSIS Volatile Suspended Solid (VSS) & Fixed Suspended Solids (FSS) Volume of water samples pass through the filter paper

=20 mL

Weight of dish + solid (before ignition), A

=1.323 g

Weight of dish + solid (after ignition at 550 ˚C), B

=1.196 g

Weight of dish , C

=1.165g

Amount of total solids present in the sample (𝐴−𝐶 )×1000

=

𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒,𝑚𝐿

× 1000

(1.323−1.165)×1000

=

20

× 1000

=7900mg/lit

Amount of Volatile suspended solids present in the sample

=

(𝐴−𝐵)×1000 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒,𝑚𝐿

(1.323−1.196)×1000

=

20

× 1000 × 1000

= 6350 mg/lit

Fixed Suspended Solids present in the sample =Total Solids-Volatile suspended solids =7900mg/lit – 6350 mg/lit =1550 mg/lit

DISCUSSION This experiment was conducted to identify the condition of the water samples collected from the river at location X. A total of 20 mL of sample was used to determine the organic matter that present in it. The water sample that collected at the location was taken to laboratory for measure the concentration of volatile solids and fixed solids. Therefore, based on the laboratory, we were able to determine the concentration of suspended solids in the sample as we know that suspended solid is an indicator of water quality. Suspended solid in water contains of organic and inorganic particles. Organic particles such as plants, fibres and other biological solid like bacteria and algae can be found in water. The inorganic material such as clay, silt, debris and others soil constituents can be found in water. The amount of suspended solids indicates how cloudy the water is. The higher the reading, the cloudy the water. Although this laboratory session is conducted online, we know that the sample should be filtered onto a pre-weighed glass fibre filter paper and drying it in an oven until it dry. After that, the filter papers are then allowed to cool in a desiccator and weighed on an analytical balance to get its reading. Regarding the experiment there are our findings for Volatile Suspended Solid and Fixed Suspended Solid that present in the water sample. Total solid which is include all solids present in a water sample. It is determined directly by evaporating a known volume of an unfiltered water sample in a 105 ℃ oven. Total solid is a measure of the suspended and dissolved solids in water. According the result, the value of total solid in the water is 700 mg/L. The higher value of total solids would affect water clarity. With the higher values will decrease the passage of light through water, thereby slowing photosynthesis by aquatic plants. There are many factors can contribute to the total solids in water. Firstly, soil erosion is a large contributor. An increase in water flow or a decrease in vegetation can speed up the process of soil erosion and contribute to the levels of suspended particles such as clay and silt. Besides, total solids can also come from various types of runoff. The agricultural runoff often contains fertilizers and suspended soil particles. Meanwhile, the other sources include industrial wastes, effluent from water treatment plants, and urban runoff from parking lots, roads, and rooftops.

Based on the data taken, the amount of Volatile Suspended Solid is 6350 mg/L. Volatile solid are defined as solid that are lost by ignition or burn at the temperature of 550°C. And, it

indicates the amount of inorganic solid in water body. From the amount of volatile suspended solid gotten, we can determine the relationship to the pollution in the waste water, which is the higher the amount of volatile suspended solid in the water, the higher the pollution of waste water. To get the amount of fixed solid, we subtracted total solid with the amount of volatile suspended solid. From the subtraction, we were able to get the amount of fixed suspended solid, which is 1550 mg/L. From what we had learned, fixed solids is an inorganic ash that is the measure of solid matter in a water that remains after the total solids, total dissolved solids or total suspended solids have been evaporated and then ignited to burn off the combustible portion.

CONCLUSION From this experiment, the concentration of volatile solids and fixed solids in water sample have been determined. Based on the result, the amount of total solid present in the sample was 7900 mg/l. After ignition at 550 oC, the amount of volatile suspended solid present are 6350 mg/l and the fixed suspended solid present was 1550 mg/l. Determination of volatile suspended solid is important in wastewater treatment. Total solid presence in the water can come from the source of soil erosion and runoff. Water that contains high levels of volatile suspended solid is not suitable for drinking because it can harm to the health. Therefore, reduction of suspended solid in water treatment is necessary especially for drinking water quality purpose. Not only that, the determination of volatile and fixed components in residue is useful in the control of wastewater plant operation because it offers an approximation of the amount of organic matter present in the solid fraction of the wastewater.

REFERENCES 1) Office of Science and Technology, January 2001, “Total, Fixed, and Volatile Solids in Water,

Solids,

and

Biosolids”,

retrieved

from:

https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/201510/documents/method_1684_draft_2001.pdf The Shock Effect of Inorganic Suspended Solids in Surface Runoff on Wastewater Treatment Plant Performance. Retrieved from : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6388196/...