Group 3 Volatile Suspended Solids 6C5A PDF

Preview

Summary

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORYECW 568OPEN-ENDED LAB REPORTTITLE OF EXPERIMENT : VOLATILE SUSPENDED SOLIDSDATE OF EXPERIMENT : 21 TH APRIL 2021GROUP : EC2206C5A (GROUP 3)GROUP MEMBERS 1. AMEER HAQIMIE BIN ZAINAL (2019884174)2. NUR IZMIZA BINTI ABDUL RAZAK (2019847992)3. FARAH SYAHIRA BINTI ABDU...

Description

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY ECW 568 OPEN-ENDED LAB REPORT

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT :

VOLATILE SUSPENDED SOLIDS

DATE OF EXPERIMENT :

21TH APRIL 2021

GROUP

EC2206C5A (GROUP 3)

GROUP MEMBERS

:

1. AMEER HAQIMIE BIN ZAINAL (2019884174) 2. NUR IZMIZA BINTI ABDUL RAZAK (2019847992) 3. FARAH SYAHIRA BINTI ABDUL JALIL (2019495898) 4. NUR SYAZWANI BINTI SAHARUDDIN (2019801796) 5. NUR SHAFEEQA BINTI ABDUL RASHID (2019602208)

LECTURER

: IR. DR. SUZANA BINTI RAMLI

LEVEL OF OPENESS

: 2 MARK S

COMMENTS

INTRODUCTION BASIC CONCEPTS METHODOLOGY RESULTS&ANALYSIS

1

2

3

4

5

DISCUSSION

1

2

3

4

5

CONCLUSION

1

2

3

4

5

ORGANIZATION

1

2

3

4

5

TOTAL MARKS

INTRODUCTION Volatile solids are the material lost after ignition at 550’C and those that remain as residue is called Fixed solids. The determination of VSS is useful in control operation of wastewater treatment plant operation because it offers a general rough approximation of the amount of organic matter present in the wastewater, activated sludge, and industrial wastes.

OBJECTIVES 1. To determine the concentration of volatile solids and fixed solids in water samples. 2. To analyse the data and interpret the results of VSS experiment.

PROBLEM STATEMENT A study on a river has been carried out to monitor and assess the quality for possible water supply. In order to identify the condition of the water samples collected from the river, you are required to conduct Volatile Suspended Solids test and compare between both organic and inorganic matters in the water samples by using the appropriate apparatus in environmental laboratory.

APPARATUS 1. Beaker 2. Crucible 3. Desiccator 4. Filter Paper 5. Weight Balance 6. Standard Digital Oven 7. Muffle Furnace

PROCEDURE 1. The initial Dry Weight of Crucible © was noted down. 2. The wastewater was filled and the retained solids in filter paper are suspended solids. 3. 10ml of Suspended Solids were taken and poured it into the crucible. 4. The crucible was then placed inside the oven and heated to 103’C – 105’C. 5. The sample was cooled down to room Temperature in desiccator. 6. Dry Wight of Crucible (A) was noted down. 7. Oven dried sample was placed in muffle furnace and ignited at 550’C for 10-15 minutes. 8. The sample was cooled down to room temperature in desiccator. 9. The Final Dry Weight of Crucible (B) was noted.

METHODOLOGY The experiment was already conducted, and the data have been collected to determine the volatile suspended solids and fixed suspended solids in water samples. There are two different samples which are palm oil mill X and Y. A total of 20 mL of sample was used for analysis for each sample. The concentration of volatile and fixed suspended solids was measured in mg/litre. The experiment conducted using two heating processes, the first heating where the crucible was placed inside the oven for 6 hours and the second heating where the sample was ignited in a muffle furnace for 10-15 minutes. Note that after the heating process, the sample was cooled to room temperature in a desiccator two times. The data of weight of solids was obtained for analysis of each sample, there are three labels which are A for the weight of solids and dish before ignition, B for the weight of solids and dish after ignition, and C for the weight of dish only. The data then will be present by using the formula only to determine the concentration of volatile and fixed suspended solids present in the sample. When the data are already done compete, both concentrations of volatile and fixed suspended solids will be comparing for both sample X and Y. The formula that will be used to analyse the data by the following equation below:

(𝐴−𝐶 ) ×1000

•

Amount of total solids present in the sample =

•

Amount of volatile suspended solids present in the sample =

𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒,𝑚𝐿

× 1000 (𝐴−𝐵 ) ×1000

𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒,𝑚𝐿

×

1000 •

Fixed suspended solids present in the sample = Total Solids – Volatile Suspended Solids

RESULT AND ANALYSIS

A total of 20 mL of sample was used for analysis for each sample. Table 1: Weight of solids analysis of sample from palm oil mill X LABEL

DESCRIPTION

WEIGHT (g)

A

Weight of solids + dish before ignition

1.366

B

Weight of solids + dish after ignition

1.161

C

Weight of dish

1.155

Analysis for Volatile Suspended Solid (VSS) & Fixed Suspended Solids (FSS) for palm oil mill X Amount of total solids present in the sample = =

(𝐴−𝐶 ) ×1000 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒,𝑚𝐿

× 1000

(1.366−1.155) ×1000 20

× 1000

= 10550 mg/liter

Amount of volatile suspended solids present in the sample = =

(𝐴−𝐵 ) ×1000 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒,𝑚𝐿

× 1000

(1.366−1.161) ×1000 20

× 1000

= 10250 mg/liter

Fixed suspended solids present in the sample = Total Solids – Volatile Suspended Solids = 10550 – 10250 = 300 mg/liter

Table 2: Weight of solids analysis of sample from palm oil mill Y LABEL

DESCRIPTION

WEIGHT (g)

A

Weight of solids + dish before ignition

1.627

B

Weight of solids + dish after ignition

1.311

C

Weight of dish

1.155

Analysis for Volatile Suspended Solid (VSS) & Fixed Suspended Solids (FSS) for palm oil mill Y Amount of total solids present in the sample = =

(𝐴−𝐶 ) ×1000 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒,𝑚𝐿

× 1000

(1.627−1.155) ×1000 20

× 1000

= 23600 mg/liter

Amount of volatile suspended solids present in the sample = =

(𝐴−𝐵 ) ×1000 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒,𝑚𝐿

× 1000

(1.627−1.311) ×1000 20

× 1000

= 15800 mg/liter

Fixed suspended solids present in the sample = Total Solids – Volatile Suspended Solids = 23600 – 15800 = 7800 mg/liter

DISCUSSION In this experiment, student can determine and analyse the volatile suspended solids and fixed solids in palm oil mill effluent (POME) sample. Volatile solids are substances that can easily transform from solid phase to its vapor phase and represent the organic matter. Organic matter comes from plants, dead animal and synthetic organic compound which can be ignited or burned at 550°C. fixed solids is the remaining solid that are not ignited which are consider as inorganic matter. The determination of volatile suspended solid (VSS) is generally offer rough approximation of the amount organic matter that are present in wastewater, sludge and industrial waste. It is very useful to control the operation of waste water treatment plant operation. Based on the data that are tabulated in result and analysis, the amount of volatile suspended solids present in sample from palm oil mill Y, 15800 mg/l higher than sample from palm oil mill X, 10250 mg/l. From the amount of volatile suspended solid, it can determine by the relationship to the pollution in the waste water, which is the higher the amount of the volatile suspended solid in the water, the higher the pollution of the water. Other than that, the higher the volatile solids, the lower the quality of water. Thus, it will affect to the ecosystem as it can destruct fish and other aquatic life. The pollution of water also have impact on human life, it is because it negatively affect the used of water such as drinking, household needs, recreation and fishing. Then, the fixed solid in this sample form mill Y, 7800 mg/l higher than sample mill X, 300 mg/l. Fixed solids is an inorganic ash that is the measure of the solid matter in a water that remains after the total solids, total dissolved solids or total suspended solids have been evaporated and the ignited to burn off the combustible portion. So, it shown that the inorganic matter in sample for palm oil mill Y higher than sample for palm oil mill X. There are several safety precautions need to be taken during the experiment to get precise result. The sample need to be weighted and wait until the constant value appear. Next, place the sample quickly into the oven and muffle furnace so that the temperature is not decrease and fixed to 103°C-105°C and 550°C. Furthermore, the sample that are taken out from oven and muffle furnace should be place in desiccator so that it will cool to room temperature. Other than that, wear safety glove when take out the sample from oven and muffle furnace. Lastly, the sample must not be touched or be upside down before weighing it after the ignition process to achieve precise result.

CONCLUSION As for the conclusion, the objectives of Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) experiment are to determine the concentration of volatile solids and fixed solids in water samples and to analyse the data and interpret the results of VSS experiment. Based on the result and analysis, the volatile suspended solids concentration was determined, which is 10250 mg/l for palm oil mill X and 15800 mg/l for palm oil mill Y. Other than that, fixed suspended solids concentration also calculated, 300 mg/l and 7800 mg/l for palm oil mill X and palm oil mill Y respectively. Therefore, the objectives of this experiment which to determine concentration of volatile suspended solids and fixed suspended solids are achieved. The amount of total solids present in samples could be from runoff or soil erosion which is 10550 mg/l for palm oil mill X and 23600 mg/l for palm oil mill Y. Finally, analysing these concentrations are essential for wastewater treatment. Water with high amounts of volatile suspended solids is not safe to consume since it can be harmful to one's wellbeing. As a result, reducing suspended solids in water treatment is necessary, specifically for drinking water quality.

REFERENCE 1. Indah water effluent standard, (2020). Retrieved from https://www.iwk.com.my/doyou-know/effluent-standards

2. Office of Science and Technology, January 2001, “Total, Fixed, and Volatile Solids in Water,

Solids,

and

Biosolids”,

Retrieved

from:

https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/201510/documents/method_1684_draft_2001.pdf

3. The Shock Effect of Inorganic Suspended Solids in Surface Runoff on Wastewater Treatment

Plant

Performance.

Retrieved

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6388196/

from

:...