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WAG 3-3 Martha Kate Morrison Period 5 APES Vocab: 1. Clumped population distribution- individuals are clustered in groups 2. Random population distribution- individuals are spaced at unpredictable distances from each other 3. Uniform population distribution- the population is evenly spaced 4. K strategist- species whose populations fluctuate at or near the carrying capacity 5. R strategist- species whose populations are governed by their biotic potential 6. Carrying capacity- the number or quantity of people or things that can be conveyed or held by a vehicle or container 7. Eruptive population- growth pattern over time, defined by a sudden rapid growth in the population of an organism 8. Cyclic population- phenomenon where populations rise and fall over a predictable period of time 9. Demographics- statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it 10. Age histogram- a special graph applied to statistical data broken down into numerically ordered groups Article #1: Ecological Implications of Climate Change in Yellowstone Summary- The Yellowstone fires of 1988 affected >250,000 ha, creating a mosaic of burn severities across the landscape and providing an ideal opportunity to study the effects of fire size and pattern on post fire succession. Burn severity and patch size had significant effects on most biotic responses. Severely burned areas had higher cover and density of lodgepole pine seedlings, greater abundance of opportunistic species, and lower richness of vascular plant species than less severely burned areas. Despite significant effects of burn severity and patch size, the most important explanatory variable for most biotic responses was geographic location, particularly as related to broad-scale patterns of serotiny in Pinus contorta. 3 Key Points1. They evaluated the influence of spatial patterning on the postfire vegetation 2. Larger burned patches had higher cover of tree seedlings and shrubs, greater densities of lodgepole pine seedlings and opportunistic species, and lower species richness than smaller patches. 3. They concluded that the effects of fire size and pattern were important and some may be persistent, but these landscape-scale effects occurred within an overriding context of broader scale gradients.

Article #2: Krill: the tiny creature with a huge ocean footprint Summary- Krill – small crustaceans related to the prawn and lobster – do not carry much meat on a single body. But added together, the world’s krill population weighs in at between

300 and 500 million tonnes. Beyond single-celled organisms like bacteria and viruses, the hundreds of trillions of krill in our oceans represent the greatest biomass of any wild animal on the planet. At the height of the Cold War, a hungry Soviet Union launched an unlikely strategy to reduce its reliance on grain imports from the West: the superpower dispatched hundreds of fishing boats to Antarctica and told them to come back with krill. 3 Key Points: 1.With little competition, the Russian vessels netted as much of this bounty as they could carry and returned to the motherland, where Soviet scientists mashed up the protein-rich creatures into a nutritious paste called Okean. 2.But the idea never really caught on and, by the 1980s, the Soviets were turning much of the krill they caught into animal feed. 3.Left undisturbed, the krill were free to swim and drift around Antarctic waters, where they help feed other kinds of life – they serve as an important prey species for the unique region’s penguins, seabirds, seals, fish and whales. Agree or Disagree: I agree with this article that the enormous amount of Krill brings a huge significance in the ocean. Book Work: PG. 140 1.I don’t think that having a global population of 7.1 billion is too large. Population is defined as the total number of persons living in a country, city, or any district or area. I also don’t believe that there will come a time that the population size would be too big, because it is estimated that in every second 2 out of 10 may die and also the behavior of the people change when there are economic incentives involved. 2. 1 person x 60 seconds x 60 minutes x 24 hours = 86,400 people 86,400 people x 365 days = 31,536,000 people 7,100,000,000people/31,536,000 people per year = 226 years 84,000,000 people/31,536,000 people per year = 2.6 years 3. The planetary management worldview, which sees no problem with the current population of the earth, and the environmental wisdom worldview, which is supported by the group that suggests introducing measures of population control. 4. In a free democratic society people have certain inalienable rights to be able to make choices that affect many aspects of their lives. Many people would suggest that everyone has the right to have as many children as they want. However, in a free society, people also have the right to have as few children as they want. Everyone should be able to have control over the choices they make and at the same time be provided with an education in a factual and unbiased way to make the best choices for themselves and the planet. The ultimate ideal would be to aspire to zero population growth with a fertility rate at replacement level, or in some cases below that....