Week 013 Module 11 -Magma PDF

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Summary

this will help students who are in senoir high school or those who are ib g 11 stem...

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Module 11: Magma and Magma Formation Objective: This module aims to achieve the following objectives: 1. Define what a magma is. 2. Discuss the process of magma formation.

Magma is a semifluid or fluid substance that can be found below the Earth's surface from which igneous rocks

and lava comes from. Generally, magma is made up of eight elements -oxygen, silicon, aluminum,

iron, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and potassium, respectively in the order of importance. This shows that magma varies in composition. Moreover, it is derived from the mantle of the Earth. This pie chart shows the relatively abundance of the elements in magma. Igneous rocks are made from cooling of magma and lava (magma that has reached Earth’s surface). Magma can be classified as: 

Basaltic -high in iron, magnesium, and calcium but low in potassium and sodium. It ranges in temperature from about 1000 degrees Celsius to 1200 degrees Celsius.

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Andesitic -has moderate amounts of these minerals, with a temperature range from about 800 degrees Celsius to 1000 degrees Celsius.

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Rhyolitic -is high in potassium and sodium but low in iron, magnesium, and calcium. It occurs in the temperature range of about 650 degrees Celsius to 800 degrees Celsius.

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How Magma is Formed The process of magma formation is easy to understand. First, the solid particles like rocks, minerals, and debris that are inside the Earth, specifically in the mantle, gets melted. The temperature in the mantle ranges from 650-1200 degrees Celsius, temperature enough to melt the above-mentioned compositions. Aside from temperature, pressure if also a factor of magma formation.

References:

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/magma/ https://www.edhelper.com/ReadingComprehension_54_74.html

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