WEEK 31 - Sit to Stand Analysis PDF

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Exercise and Biomechanics worksheet: Movement analysis STS Preparatory work: watch someone go from sitting to standing, from a standard height chair and complete the questions below to guide your analysis. Guide to movement analysis 1. Name the joints involved in the activity Hip joint, knee joint, ankle joint 2. For each joint identify what movement is occurring and in what order (consider the initial ‘leaning forward’ phase and then the ‘upward’ phase) Leaning forward: -

Hip flexion Knee flexion Ankle dorsiflexion

upward phase: - hip extension - knee extension - ankle plantar flexion

3. For each movement listed above, identify what axes/planes the movement is occurring in Sagittal plane and frontal axis 4. Name which muscle/muscle groups are bringing about each movement Hip flexion = iliopsoas, rec fem Hip extension = glute max, hamstrings Knee flexion = hamstrings, gastrocnemius Knee extension = quads Ankle dorsiflexion = tib anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus Ankle plantar flexors = Gastrocnemius, soleus, tib posterior, plantaris 5. What range is the muscle/muscle group working in (inner/middle/outer)? Middle 6. What type of muscle contraction is occurring around the hip in the 2 phases of the STS? Concentric, eccentric 7. Define concentric and eccentric contraction

Concentric – shortening of the muscle Eccentric – lengthening of the muscle

8. How does the type of muscle contraction relate to torque? When internal and external torque is equal = isometric, internal > external = concentric, external > internal = eccentric

9. Why do we lean forward initially before we stand up? (Consider why this gives us a biomechanical advantage) Getting your line of gravity over the base of support 10. Can you give an example of a 3rd class lever using one of the joints involved? (NB: does not have to be part of the STS, can be an open chain example) 11. Are there any active/passive insufficiency examples (particularly of 2 joint muscles)? If not, why not? No – because all muscles are working mid-range 12. What is the relationship between Gluteus Maximus and the Hamstrings when

working to extend the hip in the activity of STS (i.e. what roles are they taking) Glute maximus – prime mover, hamstrings – secondary due to inhibition from quads for knee flexion....