Week 4 missing words - Questions and answers to the week 4 quiz PDF

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Questions and answers to the week 4 quiz ...

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Week 4 Missing word questions Complete the sentences: Bleeding time in pregnancy decreased by about 30% because there is an increase in clotting factors/ thrombin generation p233 and fibrinogen and a decrease in fibrinolytic substances. Red blood cell mass begins to increase in the first trimester under the influence of prolactin, progesterone and hPL which all stimulate erythropoietin release. The apparent decrease in haemoglobin and haematocrit in pregnancy is due to a larger increase in circulating volume relative to the increase in red blood cell volume. This is called physiological anaemia. With each contraction the cardiac output increases resulting in an increase in both the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure. The blood pressure decreases between contractions. During pregnancy the apex beat of the heart can be heard at the 3rd intercostal space instead of the 5th space. This is because the heart is pushed upwards by elevation of the diaphragm. Stroke volume, heart rate and cardiac output increases in pregnancy, whereas systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary resistance decreases. Total blood volume increases 30 to 50% in pregnancy, with the increase occurring rapidly until mid pregnancy then more slowly thereafter. Cardiac output increases in the first stage of labour with further increases in second stage. Heart rate and circulating volume also increase in labour. White blood cells increase in number in pregnancy, mostly due to an increase in neutrophils. Changes in other white cells and platelets are minimal. During labour the haemoglobin levels increase slightly, WBC count increases and the coagulation system undergoes further activation Fibrinolytic activity decreases to enhance clot formation at the placental site....