Week 4 quiz - week 4 quiz with answers PDF

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week 4 quiz with answers...

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Week 4 Checkpoint Quiz 

Due Feb 1 at 1:59am

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Points 50

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Questions 13

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Available Jan 24 at 1:59am - Feb 1 at 1:59am 8 days

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Time Limit None Instructions Required Resources Read/review the following resources for this activity:

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Textbook: Chapter 8, 9

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Lesson Instructions The checkpoint quizzes are short assessments that will check your understanding of the terms and concepts from the reading. Time limit: none Attempts: 1

Grading This quiz will be graded based on correctness of response. Course Outcomes (CO): 3, 4, 5, 6 Due Date: By 11:59 p.m. MT on Sunday This quiz was locked Feb 1 at 1:59am. Attempt History

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e 5 s 0 Score for this quiz: 44 out of 50 Submitted Jan 29 at 7:28pm This attempt took 109 minutes.

Question 1 5 / 5 pts Based on what you have read in the text, the lecture, and any other sources you find helpful to your understanding of deductive arguments, explain the structure of a deductive argument in your own words. Your Answer:

Deductive arguments are structed in a way that if the premises that are stated in the argument is true , then the conclusion will be true .

Question 2 5 / 5 pts Go to the box “Deductive Reasoning” (in the beginning of Chapter 8). Read the last paragraph there. Based on that reading and any other sources you find helpful to your understanding, describe the part that “rules, operating conditions, core beliefs, values, policies, principles, procedures, and terminology” (p. 159) play in deductive arguments. Your Answer: The rules, operating conditions, core beliefs , values , policies , principles, procedures and terminology are all things that set the foundation , guideline or structure of our evaluative reasoning skills which allows us to determine the credibility and validity of claims . Also allows us to determine the strength and weakness of an argument .

Question 3 2 / 2 pts

In the introduction to Chapter 8, the text sets forth a specific definition of the term “valid” as it applies to deductive arguments. What is that definition? Your Answer: Valid: an argument is valid if and only if it is necessary that if all of the premises are true, then the conclusion is true; if all the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true; it is impossible that all the premises are true and the conclusion is false .

Question 4 0 / 2 pts Use the following template to create a valid Denying the Consequent argument example: If_________________ then _______________ It is not the case that ______________________ Therefore, it is not the case that ________________ Your Answer: If I get the shot then I will be home It is not the case that I got the shot Therefore , it is not the case that I am home .

If I get the shot then I will be home it is not the case that I will be home Therefore it is not the case that I get the shot

Question 5 0 / 2 pts Use the following template to create a valid Affirming the Antecedent argument example: If_______________ then____________ ________________________________ Therefore _______________________ Your Answer: If I am a good person then god will favor me with wealth and health . God has favored me with health and wealth . Therefore I must be a good person . If I am a good person then god will favor me with wealth and health I am a good person Therefore god will favor me with wealth and health

Question 6 1 / 2 pts

Jack says: “I can enroll full time this semester, or I can buy a car. I think going to school full time is the better option for me, so I’ll have to put of buying car.” What name does the text give to this argument structure? Your Answer: Deductive arguments are those arguments that consist of true premises and true conclusion, (if the premises are true then it is impossible for the conclusion to be false). It always guarantees the truth of the conclusion. Deductive reasoning starts with general statements and reaches a specific conclusion. I can enroll full time this semester or I can buy a car. (This is a general statement) - Premise 1 I think going to school full time is a better option for me. (General statement) -Premise 2 So, I 'll have to put of buying a car - (Specific conclusion)

disjunctive syllogism

Question 7 5 / 5 pts In addition to if/then and either/or, there are other terms that, when used correctly, can create valid argument templates. Using the three

deductive statements below, create five (5) valid deductive arguments. To make your life easier, you can use the key words at the end of the statement to fill in the template. Statement A: Tuition increases 5 percent per academic year. (Tuition increases) Statement B: I must graduate in no more than two years. (Graduate two years) Statement C: I have legal access to unlimited amounts of cash. (Unlimited cash) Example: For a template such as “Either A or B. Not A. Therefore B” you would answer: “Either tuition increases, or I graduate in two years. Tuition will not increase. Therefore, I will graduate in two years.” Do this for all five templates. Templates 

Either A, B, or C. Not C. So, A or B.

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It is not the case that both A and B are true. So, either A is not true or B is not true.

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Neither B nor C is true. So, B is false.

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B unless C. Not B. So, C.

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A only if B. A. Therefore, B.

Check the Logical Strength of each argument you have written. If it lacks logical strength, check the table Grammatically Equivalent Structures (in Chapter 8) to be sure you are interpreting the words correctly. Your Answer: Either A, B, or C. Not C. So, A or B. Either I have to graduate in two years or I have access to unlimited amounts of cash .I do not have access to unlimited amounts of cash so I need to graduate in two years . It is not the case that both A and B are true. So, either A is not true or B is not true It is not the case that I have both unlimited amounts of cash and tuition increases are true . So either I have unlimited cash is not true or tuition increasing is not true . Neither B nor C is true. So, B is false. Neither tuition increases nor access to unlimited amounts of cash is true .So tuition increasing is false . B unless C. Not B. So, C I need to graduate in two years unless I have unlimited cash . I do not need to graduate in two years so I have unlimited cash A only if B. A. Therefore, B.

I need to graduate in two years only if tuition increases. Tuition increases therefore I need to graduate in two years .

Question 8 1 / 2 pts Transivity, reflexivity, and identity refer to what kind of reasoning? Your Answer: Deductive reasoning about relationships

Question 9 5 / 5 pts Using what you learned in Chapter 8 section Applying a Generalization, construct an argument proving that your Chamberlain major will place you in the category of healthcare worker. Your Answer: Chamberlain College of Nursing is one of the most fast tracked nursing programs . The program allows students to graduate in as little as three years . Graduating early allows students to start working in the field a lot faster than expected .

Question 10 5 / 5 pts A local newspaper serving a mid-sized U.S. city whose population is about 300,000 surveyed 40 retail businesses. Of the businesses surveyed, 70% said they were planning little or no hiring of extra workers during the coming Christmas season. The newspaper concluded that consumer spending would likely be down for Christmas this year, since retailers were not anticipating extra holiday business. Evaluate the newspaper’s generalization about consumer holiday spending using what you have learned in Chapter 9, including the four questions suggested by the text: 

Was the correct group sampled?

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Were the data obtained in an efective way?

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Were enough cases considered?

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Was the sample representatively structured? Your Answer: Was the correct group sampled? No the correct group was not sampled . The newspaper should have surveyed customers instead of businesses. Surveying customers on how

much they planned to spend on gifts during the holidays would have been a better way to predict sales . Was the data obtained in an efective way? It does not say how the survey was conducted so there is no way to say if the data was conducted in an efective way Were enough cases considered? No enough cases were not considered . Out of a city with a population of 300,000 only 40 retail stores were surveyed . One would think that a town that has 300,000 people living would have more than 30 retailers where they shop . Was the sample representatively structured? Out of 40 stores , 70% said that they would not hire extra help for the holidays but thinking about a town made up of 300,000 there would be more than just 40 stores where people would shop . The number of stores surveyed was not enough .

Question 11 5 / 5 pts Go to Individual Exercises at the end of Chapter 9. Example 9 concludes that “the American people are opposed to the President’s health care reform legislation” (p. 190). Using the Four Tests for Evaluating

Arguments found in Section 7.2 of the text, and keeping in mind all that you have learned from Chapters 7-9, evaluate the worthiness of Example 9, beginning with the Test of Logical Strength. Remember, if the argument fails a test, you do not need to go further. Give a detailed explanation in support of your evaluation. If the argument contains a fallacy, explain what you think the fallacy is. Your Answer: Truthfulness of the premises- We must take the speaker's words on the truthfulness of his date . This passes the test

Logical Strength - The data shows that 54% of the population said they are worried about the cost of universal healthcare , 73% said they want to have universal healthcare . The numbers do not add up to 100% . This fails the test of logical strength

Relevance - The time that this book was published was in 2016 when we were under President Obama . Now we are in 2021 which is almost 5 years later under a new president who just took office over a week ago so this article fails the test of relevance .

Non circulatory - the article provides date ,and draws conclusion from that date so it passes the test of non circulatory .

Question 12 5 / 5 pts What is a correlation? What is a statistically significant correlation? Your Answer: Correlation is calculated using statistical analyses which describe the degree to which two diferent sets of events are aligned . A statistically significant correlation is data that shows two diferent events or data are linked .

Question 13 5 / 5 pts Go to Individual Exercises at the end of Chapter 9. Go to Example 12. What test does this argument fail? What fallacy does the argument contain? Your Answer: This test fails the argument of logical strength .I think it contains fallacy of relevance . Quiz Score: 44 out of 50...