Week7 Session_texto descriptivo PDF

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I.

Likes and Dislikes En inglés, usamos los verbos like, love y hate para expresar nuestros sentimientos en relación con algo; de manera positiva (like & love) o de manera negativa (don’t like & hate)

 Use We use these verbs to express our preferences and tastes. In a positive way: Like: a favourable feeling, desire, or preference. Love: an intense emotion of affection towards a person or thing. In a negative way: Do not like: Disapproving something, expressing dislike of something. Hate: to dislike (someone or something) intensely. Después de usar alguno de estos verbos, podemos usar un noun, un gerund o un infinitive. (to speak, to run, to eat)

 Structure Para decir que algo nos gusta o no nos gusta, simplemente usamos un verbo apropiado seguido del objeto al cual nos referimos: I like turtles. Me gustan las tortugas. I like football. Me gusta el futbol. I like the beach. Me gusta la playa. En el último ejemplo, usamos the para indicar que nos gusta “la playa” pero esto es por una regla extraña de la gramática inglesa para el uso de estos verbos. Básicamente, la regla dice que si vas a decir que te gusta algún objeto en general¸ se dice en plural. En cambio, si te gusta un objeto específico, se dice en singular y muchas veces con la palabra the. I like beaches – Me gustan las playas (en general) I like the beach – Me gusta la (una) playa (específica) I like beach – Esta opción es incorrecta

The = especifico Sin the = general

Ahora bien, tenemos este ejemplo que podría considerarse una excepción. Si bien la palabra pizza está en singular, se da a entender como si fuese plural. I like the pizza Me gusta la pizza Lo cual significa algo distinto a este otro ejemplo: I like the pizza Me gusta la pizza Si bien se traducen igual, significan cosas un poco diferentes en inglés. El primer ejemplo dice que me gusta la pizza en general, o sea, todos los tipos de pizza. El segundo ejemplo dice que me gusta una pizza en específico. Esto se da a entender porque en inglés se utilizó la palabra the. I like tacos. Me gustan. I like the tacos. Me gustan los tacos. Note: Como pueden ver en estos ejemplos, no tenemos que decir the para decir las/los. Si bien así es como se traduce al español, recuerden que en inglés se dice de una manera diferente. No es lo mismo decir: I like turtles. A decir: I like the turtles. Ya que estas dos oraciones están dando a entender algo diferente por que se incluyó la palabra the. I like Sally Me agrada Sally I like the Sally that you introduced me to. Me agrada la Sally que me presentaste.

I like that phone. Me gusta ese teléfono.

 Infinitives De una manera similar a lo anterior, podemos usar un infinitivo después de like, love & hate para dar a entender que nos gusta hacer una acción. I like to run. Me gusta correr. I like to eat tacos. Me gusta comer tacos. I like to go to the beach with my friends. Me gusta ir a la playa con mis amigos. I like watch TV. Me gusta ver la tele I like to watch TV. Me gusta ver la tele.

 Gerunds Finalmente, también podemos usar algo conocido en inglés como gerunds o gerundios. Los usamos de manera similar a la anterior para expresar que nos gusta hacer una acción. I like watching TV. Me gusta ver la tele. I like running Me gusta correr. I like reading a lot of books. Me gusta leer muchos libros. Para hacer estos gerundios, tenemos que utilizar las formas con -ing de los verbos en inglés. Las reglas son bastante simples, sólo hay que recordarlas:

Spelling rules for -ing forms La mayoría de los verbos

Añadir -ing

Verbos que terminan Omitir la -e y añadir en -e ing Verbos que terminan Poner la consonante en una sola dos veces y añadir consonante después de ing una vocal Verbos que terminan en L después de una vocal

Duplicar la L y añadir -ing1

Walk  Walking Sleep  Sleeping Eat  Eating Dance  Dancing Glance  Glancing Swim  Swimming Stop  Stopping

Travel  Travelling Model  Modelling Traveling - Modeling

Verbos que terminan en -y

Verbos que terminan en -ie

II. 1

Añadir -ing

Cambiar el -ie por ying

Try  Trying Fry  Frying Try (Trai) Trying (traying) Lie  Lying

Hobbies

Esta regla ocurre mayormente en inglés británico. En inglés estadounidense, se usa sólo una L.

Los pasatiempos son parte importante de nuestra personalidad. Muchos de nosotros tenemos cosas que nos gustan hacer (las cuales podemos expresar con las estructuras que vimos hace un momento). Aquí hay algunos pasatiempos bastante comunes:

Hobbies Playing Listening to

Videogames / Football / Tennis / Music To music / To Audiobooks

Watching

Television / Films / Matches

Visiting

Museums / Art Galleries / Family members Time with friends / Money

Spending Doing Going

The shopping / the washing / homework Shopping / Jogging / to parties

Talking

To friends / on the phone

Reading

Studying

A book / the newspaper / internet forums A song / the national hymn / in the shower On the boulevard / in Walmart / the dogs English / the materials /

Driving

A car / around / an airplane

Singing Walking

I love studying English I hate driving an airplane I don’t like spending money

III.

Additional Practice

Exercise 1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. 1. I like ______ (go) out with friends. 2. She doesn’t like ___to play___ (play) any sport. 3. He hates ___cooking____ (cook). 4. She loves ____swimming____ (swim). 5. I like __dancing____ (dance). 6. My mother loves ___singing___ (sing). 7. He hates ___dancing_____ (dance). 8. I like ___reading____ (read) books. 9. They love __playing____ (play) games. 10. He likes __running____ (run).

Exercise 2 Change the following verbs to their correct -ing form. 1. Go  __going_= to go__ 2. Call  __calling_= to call__ 3. Swim  _swimming = to swim____ 4. Meet  __meetting = to meet___ 5. Climb  climbing = to climb_____ 6. Pay  playing = to play_____ 7. Come  _coming = to come____ 8. Carry  carrying_____ 9. Smile  __smiling___ 10. Cut  _cutting____

Exercise 3 Choose the correct answers.

1. A What sports do you like play / playing? B I like play football / football. I play / playing at the sports centre every week. What about you? A I don’t really like playing / play football, but I go / going to matches. My cousins are in a really good team. B Oh, do / are they play for the boys’ school? A Not boys – my cousins are in a girls’ football team! 2. A So tell me, what do / are you do? B I’m a food critic. I write / writing about restaurants in cities all over the world. It’s a good job because I love eat / good food but I not like / hate travelling. A Really? Why? B I don’t like airports / fly and I hate spend / spending hours on flights. 3. A What do / does you do in your free time? B Well, I like go / going to the cinema – I love / into horror films! A Ugh! I hate / am hating horror films! What about music? Do you like / liking music? B Oh yes, I love listen / listening to music! A Who is / does your favourite singer? B I’m / ‘re really into Rihanna!

Exercise 4 Read the following posts. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

IV.

Misha is an extrovert. T/F He is the singer in a rock band. T/ F Becca has a job in fashion. T/ F Lots of people read her blog about clothes. T/ F Feri is happy alone. T / F His house is near the sea. T/ F

Answers Exercise 1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. 1. I like going / to go (go) out with friends. 2. She doesn’t like playing / to play (play) any sport. 3. He hates cooking / to cook (cook). 4. She loves swimming / to swim (swim). 5. I like dancing / to dance (dance). 6. My mother loves singing / to sing (sing). 7. He hates dancing / to dance (dance). 8. I like reading / to read (read) books. 9. They love playing / to play (play) games. 10. He likes running / to run (run).

Exercise 2

Change the following verbs to their correct -ing form. 1. Go  Going. 2. Call  Calling. 3. Swim  Swimming. 4. Meet  Meeting. 5. Climb  Climbing. 6. Pay  Paying. 7. Come  Coming. 8. Carry  Carrying. 9. Smile  Smiling. 10. Cut  Cutting

Exercise 3 Choose the correct answers. 1. A What sports do you like play / playing? B I like play football / football. I play / playing at the sports centre every week. What about you? A I don’t really like playing / play football, but I go / going to matches. My cousins are in a really good team. B Oh, do / are they play for the boys’ school? A Not boys – my cousins are in a girls’ football team! 2. A So tell me, what do / are you do? B I’m a food critic. I write / writing about restaurants in cities all over the world. It’s a good job because I love eat / good food but I not like / hate travelling. A Really? Why? B I don’t like airports / fly and I hate spend / spending hours on flights. 3. A What do / does you do in your free time? B Well, I like go / going to the cinema – I love / into horror films!

A Ugh! I hate / am hating horror films! What about music? Do you like / liking music? B Oh yes, I love listen / listening to music! A Who is / does your favourite singer? B I’m / ‘re really into Rihanna!

Exercise 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Misha is an extrovert. T/F He is the singer in a rock band. T/ F Becca has a job in fashion. T/ F Lots of people read her blog about clothes. T/ F Feri is happy alone. T / F His house is near the sea. T/ F...