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Primary source paper on the reformation and relgious wars...3 pages...sources included....

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HI 102 KN Primary Source Paper, Unit III 1 March 2019

Reformation and Religious Wars In the fourteenth century many things were happening and changing, one thing that was being questioned was the Catholic Church. Many people did not like how it taught and handled different issues. Some people who wanted to break away from the Catholic Church were Martin Luther, John Calvin, Henry VIII. Martin Luther was a German Monk, who impacted and changed christianity. On October 31, 1517 Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church. The 95 Theses also referred to as “Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences”, this was a list of questions, concerns, and propositions that needed debate. This writing is considered the reason why the catholic church started to shattered. Luther believed that the Bible is the only source of religious authority and that all leaders should follow start from the Bible. In 1521 Luther refused to take back what he said Luther’s writing said “Here I stand. I can do no other.” Because of what Luther said the church excommunicated him.Excommunication is when you are officially excluding someone from religious related events. Luther also believed in the idea that salvation is reached through faith and not the deeds you do. This idea later became the core to his religion, Protestantism.

John Calvin was a French theologian, who challenged the Catholic Church and Protestantism. John Calvin also did not like what the catholic church was doing and agreed a lot more with Martin Luther on certain aspects. John Calvin was a major leader in the Protestant Reformation. Calvin helped spread the idea that sovereignty of God in all areas of life. Unlike how Luther believed that salvation is reached through your faith and the deeds you do, Calvin believed in predestination. Predestination is the idea that when you are born you already know whether you are going to heaven or hell and nothing you do can change it. John Calvin describes it as “freely and unchangeably ordained whatsoever comes to pass.” Saint Robert Bellarmine was the cardinal of the catholic church during the Protestant Reformation. Bellarmine strongly supported the reform decrees of the Council of Trent. The Council of Trent was the council of the catholic church which was encouraged by the Protestant Reformation. Francisco Suarez was a Spanish philosopher and theologian. Suarez is considered one of the most prominent Scholastic philosophers of the fourteenth century. Suarez liked the concept of the divine right of kings, which means the power to rule came directly from God. Francisco Suarez said “So there is no doubt that God is the efficient cause “. Suarez also questioned your ability to affect your own salvation. He also supported the idea that God gave man sufficient grace to achieve the virtuous conduct congruent to his own will. During the fourteenth century there was a lot of debate going on with the church authorities. Maybe people who rebelled against them created their own religion, but shared some similar concepts from each religion especially catholic.

Bibliogrpahy Council of Trent, 1545-1563 22 February 2019 Francisco Suarez, De Legibus, 1612 22 February 2019 John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, 1536 22 February 2019 Martin Luther, Concerning Christian Liberty, 1520 22 February 2019 Saint Robert Bellarmine, Laicis; Treatise of Civil Government 22 February 2019 Sir Robert Filmer, Patriarcha, or the Natural Power of Kings (1680) = supports divine right of kings 22 February 2019...